Diarrhea causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Diarrhea}}
{{Diarrhea}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{MUT}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{MUT}}; {{M.P}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
 
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
===Common Causes===
{{MultiCol|80%}}
 
*[[Acute appendicitis]]
===Causes According to Duration===
*[[Acute kidney failure]]
 
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
====Acute Diarrhea====
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
{{MultiCol}}
*[[Angioedema]]
* [[Addison's disease]]
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
* [[Appendicitis]]
*[[Digoxin warnings and precautions|Digoxin toxicity]]
* Bacterial:
*[[Ergotism]]
** [[Aeromonas]]
{{ColBreak}}
** [[Campylobacter jejuni]]
*[[Food poisoning]]
** [[Chlamydia]]
*[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
** [[Clostridium difficile]]
*[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract overdose]]
** [[Escherichia coli|E.coli]]
*[[Infectious diarrhea]]
** [[Enterobacter]]
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
** [[Klebsiella]]
*[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
** [[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
*[[Intususception]]
** [[Plesiomonas]]
{{ColBreak}}
** [[Salmonella]]
*[[Ischemic colitis]]
** [[Shigella]]
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
*[[Pesticide poisoning]]
** [[Vibrio cholerae]]
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
** [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
*[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
* [[Parafollicular cell|C-cell carcinoma]]
*[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
* [[inflammatory bowel disease|Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
===Common Causes===
{{MultiCol|80%}}
*[[ACE inhibitors]]
*[[Alcohol intoxication]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Amebiasis]]
*[[AIDS medical therapy#Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)|Anti retroviral agents]]
*[[Antifungals]]
*[[Bacillary dysentery]]
*[[Bacterial toxin]]
*[[Bile acid sequestrant]]
*[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
*[[Cephalosporins]]
*[[Chemotherapeutic agents]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
*[[Citalopram]]
*[[Colitis]]
*[[Colorectal polyps]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[Diverticulitis]]
*[[Doxycycline]]
*[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
*[[Escherichia coli]]
*[[Food poisoning]]
*[[Fosfomycin]]
*[[Helminthiasis]]
*[[Hepatitis A]]
*[[Hepatitis E]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
*[[Lactose intolerance]]
*[[Macrolides]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Opioid withdrawal]]
*[[Proton pump inhibitors]]
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
*[[Radiation sickness]]
*[[Salmonellosis]]
*[[Statins]]
*[[Thiazide diuretics]]
*[[Triptans]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
===Causes According to Pathophysiology===
 
====Osmotic Diarrhea====
{{MultiCol|80%}}
*[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
*[[Aminoglycosides]]
*[[Ampicillin]]
*[[Antacids]]
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
*[[Ascariasis]]
*[[Auranofin]]
*[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
*[[Bacitracin]]
*[[Biguanides]]
*[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
*[[Blind loop syndrome]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Celiac disease]]
*[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
*[[Cholestyramine]]
*[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
*[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
*[[Colchicine]]
*[[Colestyramine]]
{{ColBreak}}
 
*[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
*[[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[systemic sclerosis|Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
*[[Dumping syndrome]]
*[[Eflornithine]]
*[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
*[[Fructose malabsorption]]
*[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
*[[lymphomas|Gastrointestinal lymphomas]]
*[[Giardiasis]]
*[[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
*[[HIV]]
*[[Kanamycin]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Lactose intolerance]]
*[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Malassimilation]]
*[[Mannitol]]
*[[Mastocytosis]]
*[[Ménétrier's disease]]
{{ColBreak}}
 
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Microsporidiosis]]
*[[Milk allergy]]
*[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
*[[Neomycin]]
*[[Octreotide]]
*[[Orlistat]]
*[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
*[[Pearson syndrome]]
*[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
*[[Somatostatinoma]]
*[[Sorbitol]]
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]
*[[Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]]
*[[Sucrose intolerance]]
*[[Tetracyclines]]
*[[Tropical sprue]]
*[[Whipple disease]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
====Secretory Diarrhea====
{{MultiCol|80%}}
*[[Addison's disease]]
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Anthraquinone]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antineoplastic agents]]
*[[Auranofin]]
*[[Bacterial toxin]]
*[[Biguanides]]
*[[Bisacodyl]]
*[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
*[[Calcitonin]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cardiac glycosides]]
*[[Cephalosporins]]
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
*[[Cholera]]
*[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
*[[Colchicine]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Collagenous colitis]]
*[[Colorectal cancer]]
*[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[Diacerein]]
*[[Diverticulitis]]
*[[Gastrinoma]]
*[[Graves disease]]
*[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
*[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract poisoning]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
*[[lymphoma|Intestinal lymphoma]]
*[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
*[[Macrolides]]
*[[Mastocytosis]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
*[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
*[[Mushroom poisoning]]
*[[NSAIDS]]
*[[Olsalazine]]
*[[Oxyphenisatin]]
*[[Penicillins]]
*[[Pesticide poisoning]]
*[[Phenolphthalein]]
*[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
*[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
*[[Prostaglandins]]
*[[Ricinoleic acid]]
*[[Somatostatinoma]]
*[[Ticlopidine]]
*[[Vasculitis]]
*[[Villous adenoma]]
*[[VIPoma]]
*[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
====Motility Related Diarrhea====
{{MultiCol|80%}}
*[[Cephalosporins]]
*[[Cisapride]]
*[[Colchicine]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Levothyroxine]]
*[[Macrolides]]
*[[Penicillins]]
*[[Abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
*[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Quinolones]]
*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
*[[Sulphonamides]]
*[[Tetracyclines]]
*[[Ticlopidine]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
===Causes According to Duration===
 
====Acute Diarrhea====
{{MultiCol|80%}}
* [[Addison's disease]]
* [[Appendicitis]]
* Bacterial:
** [[Aeromonas]]
** [[Campylobacter jejuni]]
** [[Chlamydia]]
** [[Clostridium difficile]]
** [[Escherichia coli|E.coli]]
** [[Enterobacter]]
** [[Klebsiella]]
** [[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
** [[Plesiomonas]]
** [[Salmonella]]
** [[Shigella]]
** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
** [[Vibrio cholerae]]
** [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
* [[Parafollicular cell|C-cell carcinoma]]
* [[inflammatory bowel disease|Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
* [[Colitis]]
* [[Colitis]]
{{ColBreak}}
{{ColBreak}}
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** [[Antibiotics]]
** [[Antibiotics]]
** [[Biguanides]]
** [[Biguanides]]
** [[Cefpodoxime]]
** [[Chemotherapeutics]]
** [[Chemotherapeutics]]
** [[Chemotherapy]]
** [[Chemotherapy]]
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** [[Ergotamine]]
** [[Ergotamine]]
** [[Hydralazine]]
** [[Hydralazine]]
** [[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
** [[Mercaptopurine]]
** [[Opiate withdrawal]]
** [[Opiate withdrawal]]
** [[Parasympathomimetics]]
** [[Parasympathomimetics]]
**[[Physostigmine]]
** [[Quinidine]]
** [[Quinidine]]
** [[Rabeprazole]]
** [[Reserpine]]
** [[Reserpine]]
** [[Warfarin]]
** [[Warfarin]]
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====Chronic Diarrhea====
====Chronic Diarrhea====
{{MultiCol}}
{{MultiCol|80%}}
* [[Achylia]]
* [[Achylia]]
* [[Addison's Disease]]
* [[Addison's Disease]]
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** [[Anthraquinone]]
** [[Anthraquinone]]
** [[Castor oil]]
** [[Castor oil]]
**[[Elvitegravir]]
** [[Lactulose]]
** [[Lactulose]]
** [[Levofloxacin]]
** [[Mannitol]]
** [[Mannitol]]
** [[Sorbitol]]
** [[Sorbitol]]
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* [[Whipple's disease]]
* [[Whipple's disease]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
{{EndMultiCol}}
===Causes by Pathophysiology===


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|bgcolor="Beige"|  
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
[[Acrodynia]],
[[Acrodynia]],
[[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
[[zinc|acute zinc toxicity]],
[[zinc|acute zinc toxicity]],
[[arsenic poisoning]],
[[arsenic poisoning]], [[Azacitidine]] , [[Cabozantinib]]
[[carbamate insecticide poisoning]],
[[carbamate insecticide poisoning]],
[[carbon monoxide poisoning]],
[[carbon monoxide poisoning]],
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[[diazinon|diazinon poisoning]],
[[diazinon|diazinon poisoning]],
[[Glutaraldehyde|glutaraldehyde toxicity]],
[[Glutaraldehyde|glutaraldehyde toxicity]],
[[heavy metal poisoning]],
[[heavy metal poisoning]],  
[[lead poisoning]],
[[lead poisoning]],
[[mercury poisoning]],
[[mercury poisoning]],
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| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Ambenonium]],
[[2C-B]],
[[2C-B]],
[[5-HT3 antagonist]],
[[5-HT3 antagonist]],
[[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyl tryptamine]],
[[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyl tryptamine]],
[[abacavir]],
[[abacavir]],
[[acamprosate]],
[[Acamprosate calcium]],
[[acarbose]],
[[acarbose]],
[[acebutolol]],
[[acebutolol]],
[[Acetylcysteine]],
[[acyclovir]],
[[acyclovir]],
[[acitretin]],
[[acitretin]],
[[aconitine]],
[[aconitine]],
[[adefovir]],
[[adefovir]],
[[afatinib]],
[[alatrofloxacin]],
[[alatrofloxacin]],
[[albendazole]],
[[albendazole]],
[[aldesleukin]],
[[aldesleukin]],
[[Alemtuzumab]],
[[alendronate]],
[[alendronate]],
[[aliskiren]],
[[aliskiren]],
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[[amlexanox]],
[[amlexanox]],
[[amlodipine]],
[[amlodipine]],
[[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
[[ammonium lauryl sulfate]],
[[ammonium lauryl sulfate]],
[[amoxicillin]],
[[amoxicillin]],
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[[anakinra]],
[[anakinra]],
[[anastrozole]],
[[anastrozole]],
[[Anidulafungin]],
[[anisindione]],
[[anisindione]],
[[Apremilast]],
[[aprepitant]],
[[aprepitant]],
[[atazanavir]],
[[atazanavir]],
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[[atorvastatin]],
[[atorvastatin]],
[[atovaquone]],
[[atovaquone]],
[[Atropine]],
[[auranofin]],
[[auranofin]],
[[azithromycin]],
[[azithromycin]],
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[[barium nitrate]],
[[barium nitrate]],
[[barium sulfate]],
[[barium sulfate]],
[[Basiliximab]],
[[Benzphetamine]],
[[benazepril]],
[[benazepril]],
[[bentiromide]],
[[bentiromide]],
[[bepridil]],
[[bepridil]],
[[betaxolol]],
[[betaxolol]],
[[bethanechol]],
[[Bethanechol chloride]],
[[bevacizumab]],
[[bevacizumab]],
[[bezafibrate]],
[[bezafibrate]],
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[[bisoprolol]],
[[bisoprolol]],
[[bortezomib]],
[[bortezomib]],
[[Bosutinib]],
[[bromocriptine]],
[[brompheniramine]],
[[brompheniramine]],
[[bumetanide]],
[[bumetanide]],
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[[cefazolin]],
[[cefazolin]],
[[cefdinir]],
[[cefdinir]],
[[Cefditoren]],
[[cefepime]],
[[cefepime]],
[[Cefixime]],
[[cefoperazone]],
[[cefoperazone]],
[[cefotaxime]],
[[cefotaxime]],
[[cefotetan]],
[[cefotetan disodium]],
[[cefoxitin]],
[[cefoxitin]],
[[cefpodoxime]],
[[cefpodoxime]],
[[Cefprozil]],
[[Ceftaroline fosamil]],
[[ceftazidime]],
[[ceftazidime]],
[[Ceftibuten]],
[[ceftizoxime]],
[[ceftizoxime]],
[[ceftriaxone]],
[[ceftriaxone]],
[[cefuroxime]],
[[cefuroxime]],
[[cephalexin]],
[[cephalexin]],
[[cephradine]],
[[cephradine]],
[[Ceritinib]],
[[cerivastatin]],
[[cerivastatin]],
[[cetuximab]],
[[cetuximab]],
[[cevimeline]],
[[cevimeline]],
[[Chenodiol]],
[[chloral hydrate]],
[[chloral hydrate]],
[[chlorambucil]],
[[chlorambucil]],
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[[chlorothiazide]],
[[chlorothiazide]],
[[chlorpheniramine]],
[[chlorpheniramine]],
[[Chlorpropamide]],
[[chlorthalidone]],
[[chlorthalidone]],
[[cholestyramine]],
[[cholestyramine]],
[[ciclosporin]],
[[ciclosporin]],
[[cidofovir]],
[[cidofovir]],
[[cilostazol]],
[[cilostazol]],,
[[cimetidine]],
[[cinacalcet]],
[[cinacalcet]],
[[cisapride]],
[[cisapride]],
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[[clopidogrel]],
[[clopidogrel]],
[[clorazepate]],
[[clorazepate]],
[[Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene]],
[[colchicine]],
[[colchicine]],
[[colistimethate]],
[[colistimethate]],
[[conjugated estrogens]],
[[Crizotinib]],
[[cyclophosphamide]],
[[cyclophosphamide]],
[[cyproheptadine]],
[[cyproheptadine]],
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[[delavirdine]],
[[delavirdine]],
[[demeclocycline]],
[[demeclocycline]],
[[Denileukin diftitox]]
[[deracoxib]],
[[deracoxib]],
[[desoxyn]],
[[desoxyn]],
[[Dexchlorpheniramine]],
[[dextroamphetamine]],
[[dextroamphetamine]],
[[dextromethorphan]],
[[dextromethorphan]],
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[[DTPA]],
[[DTPA]],
[[duloxetine]],
[[duloxetine]],
[[Ecallantide]],
[[eculizumab]],
[[efavirenz]],
[[efavirenz]],
[[Elvitegravir]],
[[emtricitabine]],
[[emtricitabine]],
[[Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate]]
[[enalapril]],
[[enalapril]],
[[endosulfan]],
[[endosulfan]],
[[enoxacin]],
[[enoxacin]],
[[entacapone]],
[[entacapone]],
[[epirubicin]],
[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]],
[[eplerenone]],
[[eplerenone]],
[[epoetin alfa]],
[[epoetin alfa]],
[[ergotamine]],
[[ergotamine]],
[[erlotinib]],
[[erlotinib]],
[[Eliglustat]],
[[erythromycin]],
[[erythromycin]],
[[esomeprazole]],
[[esomeprazole]],
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[[famotidine]],
[[famotidine]],
[[felbamate]],
[[felbamate]],
[[Ferric oxyhydroxide]],
[[fexofenadine]],
[[fexofenadine]],
[[floxuridine]],
[[floxuridine]],
[[foscarnet sodium]],
[[fluconazole]],
[[fluconazole]],
[[flucytosine]],
[[flucytosine]],
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[[fluoxetine]],
[[fluoxetine]],
[[flurazepam]],
[[flurazepam]],
[[Flurbiprofen]],
[[flutamide]],
[[flutamide]],
[[fluticasone]],
[[fluticasone]],
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[[gemfibrozil]],
[[gemfibrozil]],
[[glatiramer]],
[[glatiramer]],
[[Glipizide]],
[[Glyburide and Metformin]],
[[glycopyrrolate]],
[[glycopyrrolate]],
[[granisetron]],
[[granisetron]],
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[[hydrochlorothiazide]],
[[hydrochlorothiazide]],
[[hydroxychloroquine]],
[[hydroxychloroquine]],
[[Hydroxyprogesterone caproate]]
[[hydroxyurea]],
[[hydroxyurea]],
[[hyoscyamine]],
[[hyoscyamine]],
[[ibandronate]],
[[ibandronate]],
[[Ibritumomab Tiuxetan]]
[[ibuprofen]],
[[ibuprofen]],
[[idarubicin]],
[[idarubicin]],
[[Idelalisib]],
[[Idursulfase]],
[[imatinib]],
[[imatinib]],
[[Imiglucerase]]
[[infliximab]],
[[infliximab]],
[[interferon alfacon-1 ]],
[[interferon alfacon-1 ]],
[[Interferon alfa-2b ]] ,
[[interferon beta-1b]],
[[interferon beta-1b]],
[[irinotecan]],
[[irinotecan hydrochloride]],
[[iron supplements]],
[[iron supplements]],
[[isocarboxazid]],
[[isocarboxazid]],
[[isradipine]],
[[isradipine]],
[[itraconazole]],
[[itraconazole]],
[[Ivacaftor]],
[[Ivermectin]],
[[Ixabepilone]],
[[ketoconazole]],
[[ketoconazole]],
[[Ketorolac tromethamine]],
[[Lactulose]],
[[lamivudine]],
[[lamivudine]],
[[lamotrigine]],
[[lamotrigine]],
[[lanreotide]],
[[lanreotide]],
[[lansoprazole]],
[[lansoprazole]],
[[lanthanum]],
[[lanthanum]],[[Lapatinib]],  
[[leflunomide]],
[[leflunomide]],
[[lenalidomide]],
[[letrozole]],
[[letrozole]],
[[leuprolide]],
[[leuprolide]],
[[levalbuterol]],
[[levalbuterol]],
[[levetiracetam]],
[[levetiracetam]],
[[Lenvatinib]],
[[levocarnitine]],
[[levocarnitine]],
[[levodopa]],
[[levodopa]],
[[levofloxacin]],
[[levofloxacin]],
[[Linaclotide]],
[[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]],
[[linezolid]],
[[linezolid]],
[[liothyronine sodium]],
[[liothyronine sodium]],
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[[mechlorethamine]],
[[mechlorethamine]],
[[meclofenamate]],
[[meclofenamate]],
[[Mercaptopurine]],
[[mefenamic acid]],
[[mefenamic acid]],
[[mefloquine]],
[[mefloquine]],
[[megesterol]],
[[megestrol]],
[[Meloxicam]],
[[meprobamate]],
[[meprobamate]],
[[mercaptopurine]],
[[mercaptopurine]],
Line 463: Line 749:
[[mesna]],
[[mesna]],
[[mesoridazine]],
[[mesoridazine]],
[[Metirosine]],
[[metformin]],
[[metformin]],
[[methamphetamine]],
[[methamphetamine]],
Line 477: Line 764:
[[metoprolol]],
[[metoprolol]],
[[metronidazole]],
[[metronidazole]],
[[Micafungin sodium]],
[[miconazole]],
[[miconazole]],
[[mifepristone]],
[[mifepristone]],
[[miglitol]],
[[miglitol]],
[[Miglustat]],
[[miltefosine]]
[[minocycline]],
[[minocycline]],
[[misoprostol]],
[[misoprostol]],
[[mitotane]],
[[mitotane]],
[[mitoxantrone]],
[[moclobemide]],
[[moclobemide]],
[[modafinil]],
[[modafinil]],
Line 493: Line 784:
[[naltrexone]],
[[naltrexone]],
[[naphthalene]],
[[naphthalene]],
[[naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]],
[[natalizumab]],
[[natalizumab]],
[[natamycin]],
[[natamycin]],
Line 498: Line 790:
[[nelfinavir]],
[[nelfinavir]],
[[nevirapine]],
[[nevirapine]],
[[Niacin/simvastatin]],
[[niclosamide]],
[[niclosamide]],
[[Nilotinib]],
[[Nintedanib]],
[[nizatidine]],
[[nizatidine]],
[[norfloxacin]],
[[norfloxacin]],
[[nystatin]],
[[nystatin]],
[[ofloxacin]],
[[ofloxacin]],
[[Olsalazine]],
[[omalizumab]],
[[omalizumab]],
[[omeprazole]],
[[omeprazole]],
Line 512: Line 808:
[[oxtriphylline]],
[[oxtriphylline]],
[[oxybutynin]],
[[oxybutynin]],
[[Palbociclib]],
[[palivizumab]],
[[palivizumab]],
[[pancrelipase]],
[[pancrelipase]],
[[Panitumumab]],
[[pantoprazole]],
[[pantoprazole]],
[[Paromomycin sulfate]],
[[Paroxetine]],
[[Pasireotide]],
[[pegaspargase]],
[[pegaspargase]],
[[peginterferon alfa-2a]],
[[peginterferon alfa-2a]],
Line 527: Line 828:
[[perindopril]],
[[perindopril]],
[[perphenazine]],
[[perphenazine]],
[[Pertuzumab]],
[[phenazopyridine]],
[[phenazopyridine]],
[[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]],
[[phentermine]],
[[phentermine]],
[[pilocarpine]],
[[pilocarpine]],
[[pimecrolimus]],
[[pimecrolimus]],
[[pimozide]],
[[pimozide]],
[[Pirfenidone]],
[[piroxicam]],
[[piroxicam]],
[[Plerixafor]],
[[Potassium iodide]],
[[plicamycin]],
[[plicamycin]],
[[polythiazide]],
[[polythiazide]],
[[posaconazole]],
[[posaconazole]],
[[Potassium chloride]],
[[Potassium citrate]],
[[pramipexole]],
[[pramipexole]],
[[pramlintide]],
[[pramlintide]],
Line 546: Line 854:
[[propafenone]],
[[propafenone]],
[[propranolol]],
[[propranolol]],
[[permethrin]],
[[protriptyline]],
[[protriptyline]],
[[pseudoephedrine]],
[[pseudoephedrine]],
[[Pyrantel pamoate]],
[[pyridostigmine]],
[[pyridostigmine]],
[[quinapril]],
[[quinapril]],
Line 553: Line 863:
[[quinupristin]],
[[quinupristin]],
[[rabeprazole]],
[[rabeprazole]],
[[Radium chloride]],
[[ramipril]],
[[ramipril]],
[[Ramucirumab]],
[[ranitidine]],
[[ranitidine]],
[[rasagiline]],
[[rasagiline]],
[[Rasburicase]],
[[repaglinide]],
[[repaglinide]],
[[reserpine]],
[[reserpine]],
[[retapamulin]],
[[retapamulin]],
[[ribavirin]],
[[ribavirin]],
[[rifabutin]],
[[rifampin]],
[[rifampin]],
[[rilmenidine]],
[[rilmenidine]],
Line 569: Line 883:
[[rivastigmine]],
[[rivastigmine]],
[[rizatriptan]],
[[rizatriptan]],
[[Riluzole]],
[[roflumilast]],
[[Sacrosidase]],
[[salsalate]],
[[salsalate]],
[[saquinavir]],
[[saquinavir mesylate]],
[[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]]
[[sargramostim]],
[[sargramostim]],
[[Secukinumab]],
[[selegiline]],
[[selegiline]],
[[sevelamer]],
[[sevelamer]],
[[sildenafil]],
[[sildenafil]],
[[Siltuximab]],
[[simethicone]],
[[simethicone]],
[[simvastatin]],
[[simvastatin]],
Line 598: Line 918:
[[sunitinib]],
[[sunitinib]],
[[tacrine]],
[[tacrine]],
[[Tacrolimus]],
[[tamsulosin]],
[[tamsulosin]],
[[tedizolid]],
[[tegaserod]],
[[tegaserod]],
[[telbivudine]],
[[telbivudine]],
Line 608: Line 930:
[[terbinafine]],
[[terbinafine]],
[[teriparatide]],
[[teriparatide]],
[[tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate]],
[[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]],
[[theophylline]],
[[theophylline]],
[[thiabendazole]],
[[thiabendazole]],
Line 615: Line 939:
[[thyroxine]],
[[thyroxine]],
[[ticlopidine]],
[[ticlopidine]],
[[Tigecycline]],
[[tiludronate]],
[[tiludronate]],
[[tipranavir]],
[[tipranavir]],
[[tocopherol]],
[[tocopherol]],
[[tolcapone]],
[[tolcapone]],
[[Tolmetin]],
[[topiramate]],
[[topiramate]],
[[topotecan]],
[[topotecan]],
[[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]],
[[trandolapril]],
[[trandolapril]],
[[tranylcypromine]],
[[tranylcypromine]],
Line 626: Line 953:
[[trazodone]],
[[trazodone]],
[[treprostinil]],
[[treprostinil]],
[[Tretinoin]],
[[triamterene]],
[[triamterene]],
[[triazolam]],
[[triazolam]],
Line 642: Line 970:
[[valsartan]],
[[valsartan]],
[[verapamil]],
[[verapamil]],
[[Vandetanib]],
[[Vilazodone]],
[[vinblastine]],
[[vinblastine]],
[[voriconazole]],
[[voriconazole]],
[[vorinostat]],
[[vorinostat]],
[[zanamivir]],
[[zanamivir]],
[[Zafirlukast]],
[[zidovudine]],
[[zidovudine]],
[[ziprasidone]],
[[ziprasidone]],
[[zoledronic acid]],
[[zoledronic acid]],
[[zolmitriptan]]
[[zolmitriptan]],
[[Zoledronate]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 666: Line 998:
[[hyperthyroidism]],
[[hyperthyroidism]],
[[hypoaldosteronism]],
[[hypoaldosteronism]],
[[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
[[neuroendocrine tumors]],  
[[neuroendocrine tumors]],  
[[somatostatinoma]],
[[somatostatinoma]],
Line 909: Line 1,242:
[[tularemia]],
[[tularemia]],
[[typhoid fever]],
[[typhoid fever]],
[[vancomycin]],
[[vibrio cholerae]],
[[vibrio cholerae]],
[[Vibrio|vibrio mimicus]],
[[Vibrio|vibrio mimicus]],
Line 1,036: Line 1,370:


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
{{Columns-list|5|
*[[2C-B]]
*[[2C-B]]
*[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
Line 1,047: Line 1,381:
*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
*[[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]]
*[[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]]
*[[Acamprosate]]
*[[Acamprosate calcium]]
*[[Acarbose]]
*[[Acarbose]]
*[[Acebutolol]]
*[[Acebutolol]]
*[[Acetylcysteine]]
*[[Achlorhydria]]
*[[Achlorhydria]]
*[[Achylia]]]
*[[Acitretin]]
*[[Acitretin]]
*[[Aconitine]]
*[[Aconitine]]
Line 1,071: Line 1,407:
*[[Agastache rugosa]]
*[[Agastache rugosa]]
*[[AIDS]]
*[[AIDS]]
*[[Alagille syndrome]]
*[[Alatrofloxacin]]
*[[Alatrofloxacin]]
*[[Albendazole]]
*[[Albendazole]]
Line 1,077: Line 1,414:
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Aldesleukin]]
*[[Aldesleukin]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alendronate]]
*[[Alendronate]]
*[[Aliskiren]]
*[[Aliskiren]]
Line 1,112: Line 1,450:
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Anguillulosis]]
*[[Anguillulosis]]
*[[Anidulafungin]]
*[[Anisindione]]
*[[Anisindione]]
*[[Anopsology]]
*[[Anopsology]]
*[[Antacids]]
*[[Anthraquinone]]
*[[Anthrax]]
*[[Anthrax]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antineoplastic agents]]
*[[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
*[[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
*[[Apomorphine]]
*[[Apomorphine]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
Line 1,151: Line 1,495:
*[[Benazepril]]
*[[Benazepril]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bethanechol]]
*[[Bethanechol chloride]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Bezafibrate]]
*[[Bezafibrate]]
Line 1,159: Line 1,503:
*[[Biliary atresia]]
*[[Biliary atresia]]
*[[Biliary tract cancer]]
*[[Biliary tract cancer]]
*[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
*[[Bisacodyl]]
*[[Bisacodyl]]
*[[Bisoprolol]]
*[[Bisoprolol]]
Line 1,166: Line 1,511:
*[[Bortezomib]]
*[[Bortezomib]]
*[[Botulism]]
*[[Botulism]]
*[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
*[[Bromelain]]
*[[Bromelain]]
*[[Brompheniramine]]
*[[Brompheniramine]]
Line 1,174: Line 1,520:
*[[Hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]]
*[[Hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]]
*[[Caecitis]]
*[[Caecitis]]
*[[Calcitonin]]
*[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
*[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
*[[Candesartan]]
*[[Candesartan]]
Line 1,184: Line 1,531:
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cardiac glycosides]]
*[[Carmustine]]
*[[Carmustine]]
*[[Carnitine overuse]]
*[[Carnitine overuse]]
*[[Carteolol]]
*[[Carteolol]]
*[[Carvedilol]]
*[[Carvedilol]]
*[[Castor oil]]
*[[Cefaclor]]
*[[Cefaclor]]
*[[Cefadroxil]]
*[[Cefadroxil]]
Line 1,194: Line 1,543:
*[[Cefdinir]]
*[[Cefdinir]]
*[[Cefepime]]
*[[Cefepime]]
*[[Cefixime]]
*[[Cefoperazone]]
*[[Cefoperazone]]
*[[Cefotaxime]]
*[[Cefotaxime]]
*[[Cefotetan]]
*[[Cefotetan disodium]]
*[[Cefoxitin]]
*[[Cefoxitin]]
*[[Cefpodoxime]]
*[[Cefpodoxime]]
*[[Cefprozil]]
*[[Ceftaroline fosamil]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
*[[Ceftazidime]]
*[[Ceftibuten]]
*[[Ceftizoxime]]
*[[Ceftizoxime]]
*[[Ceftriaxone]]
*[[Ceftriaxone]]
Line 1,213: Line 1,566:
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
*[[Childbirth]]
*[[Childbirth]]
*[[Chlamydia]]
*[[Chloral hydrate]]
*[[Chloral hydrate]]
*[[Chlorambucil]]
*[[Chlorambucil]]
Line 1,221: Line 1,575:
*[[Chlorothiazide ]]
*[[Chlorothiazide ]]
*[[Chlorpheniramine ]]
*[[Chlorpheniramine ]]
*[[Chlorpropamide]]
*[[Chlorthalidone ]]
*[[Chlorthalidone ]]
*[[Cholecystitis]]
*[[Cholecystitis]]
*[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
*[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
*[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
*[[Cholestyramine ]]
*[[Cholestyramine ]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
*[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
*[[Chronic myeloproliferative disorders]]
*[[Chronic myeloproliferative disorders]]
*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
*[[Ciclosporin]]
*[[Ciclosporin]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Cidofovir]]
*[[Ciguatera poisoning]]
*[[Ciguatera poisoning]]
*[[Cilostazol]]
*[[Cilostazol]]
*[[Cimetidine ]]
*[[Cinacalcet]]
*[[Cinacalcet]]
*[[Cinchonism]]
*[[Cinchonism]]
Line 1,260: Line 1,616:
*[[Colistimethate]]
*[[Colistimethate]]
*[[Colitis]]
*[[Colitis]]
*[[Collagenous colitis]]
*[[Megacolon|Colonic inertia]]
*[[Megacolon|Colonic inertia]]
*[[Colonic malakoplakia]]
*[[Colonic malakoplakia]]
Line 1,270: Line 1,627:
*[[Complement 5 deficiency]]
*[[Complement 5 deficiency]]
*[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
*[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
*[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
*[[Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]]
*[[Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]]
*[[intrinsic factor|Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]]
*[[intrinsic factor|Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]]
Line 1,337: Line 1,695:
*[[Ebola]]
*[[Ebola]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]
*[[Echinococcosis]]
*[[Echovirus]]
*[[Eculizumab]]
*[[Efavirenz ]]
*[[Efavirenz ]]
*[[Eflornithine]]
*[[Ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Emtricitabine]]
*[[Emtricitabine]]
Line 1,348: Line 1,709:
*[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
*[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
*[[Enteritis]]
*[[Enteritis]]
*[[Enterobacter]]
*[[Vaginal prolapse|Enterocele]]
*[[Vaginal prolapse|Enterocele]]
*[[Enterocolitis]]
*[[Enterocolitis]]
*[[Epirubicin]]
*[[Escherichia coli|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)]]
*[[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ]]
*[[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli|Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)]]
*[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]]
*[[Eplerenone]]
*[[Eplerenone]]
*[[Epoetin alfa]]
*[[Epoetin alfa]]
Line 1,357: Line 1,722:
*[[Erlotinib]]
*[[Erlotinib]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Escherichia coli]]
*[[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
*[[Esomeprazole]]
*[[Esomeprazole]]
*[[Estazolam]]
*[[Estazolam]]
Line 1,368: Line 1,733:
*[[Etoposide]]
*[[Etoposide]]
*[[Everolimus]]
*[[Everolimus]]
* Excess [[coffee]], [[tea]]
*[[Exemestane]]
*[[Exemestane]]
*[[Exenatide]]
*[[Exenatide]]
Line 1,377: Line 1,743:
*[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
*[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
*[[Favism]]
*[[Favism]]
*[[Fecal impaction]]
*[[Felbamate]]
*[[Felbamate]]
*[[Fexofenadine]]
*[[Fexofenadine]]
Line 1,390: Line 1,757:
*[[Fluoxetine]]
*[[Fluoxetine]]
*[[Flurazepam]]
*[[Flurazepam]]
*[[Flurbiprofen]]
*[[Flutamide]]
*[[Flutamide]]
*[[Fluticasone]]
*[[Fluticasone]]
Line 1,405: Line 1,773:
*[[Fulvestrant]]
*[[Fulvestrant]]
*[[Fusarium venenatum]]
*[[Fusarium venenatum]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Gabapentin]]
*[[Gabapentin]]
*[[Galactosemia]]
*[[Galactosemia]]
Line 1,416: Line 1,783:
*[[Gastritis]]
*[[Gastritis]]
*[[neuroendocrine tumor|Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]
*[[neuroendocrine tumor|Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]
* [[fistula|Gastrocolic fistula]]
*[[Gastroenteritis]]
*[[Gastroenteritis]]
*[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
*[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
Line 1,427: Line 1,795:
*[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
*[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
*[[Glatiramer]]
*[[Glatiramer]]
*[[Glipizide]]
*[[Glucagonoma]]
*[[Glucagonoma]]
*[[Glucosamine]]
*[[Glucosamine]]
Line 1,444: Line 1,813:
*[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
*[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
*[[Helminthiasis]]
*[[Helminthiasis]]
*[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
*[[Hepatitis A]]
*[[Hepatitis A]]
*[[Hepatitis B]]
*[[Hepatitis B]]
Line 1,471: Line 1,841:
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idelalisib]]
*[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
*[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
*[[Ileitis]]
*[[Ileitis]]
Line 1,479: Line 1,850:
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Influenza virus]]
*[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
*[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
*[[Insulin lispro]]
*[[Interferon alpha]]
*[[Interferon alpha]]
*[[Interferon Beta-1b]]
*[[Interferon Beta-1b]]
Line 1,485: Line 1,858:
*[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction]]
*[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction]]
*[[Intususception]]
*[[Intususception]]
*[[Irinotecan]]
*[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
*[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
*[[Iron supplements]]
*[[Iron supplements]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
Line 1,494: Line 1,868:
*[[Isradipine]]
*[[Isradipine]]
*[[Itraconazole]]
*[[Itraconazole]]
*[[Ivacaftor]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]]
*[[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]]
*[[Kanamycin]]
*[[Kanamycin]]
Line 1,501: Line 1,877:
*[[Ketoconazole]]
*[[Ketoconazole]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Klebsiella]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Laburnum]]
*[[Laburnum]]
Line 1,524: Line 1,901:
*[[Levodopa]]
*[[Levodopa]]
*[[Levofloxacin]]
*[[Levofloxacin]]
*[[Levothyroxine]]
*[[Lincomycin]]
*[[Lincomycin]]
*[[Linezolid]]
*[[Linezolid]]
Line 1,541: Line 1,919:
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
*[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
*[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
*[[Macrolides]]
*[[Magnesium hydroxide]]
*[[Magnesium hydroxide]]
*[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malaria]]
Line 1,547: Line 1,927:
*[[Malonic aciduria]]
*[[Malonic aciduria]]
*[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
*[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
*[[Mannitol]]
*[[Marburg virus]]
*[[Marburg virus]]
*[[Marine toxins]]
*[[Marine toxins]]
*[[Mastocytosis]]
*[[Mazindol]]
*[[Mazindol]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Measles]]
Line 1,555: Line 1,937:
*[[Meckel diverticulitis]]
*[[Meckel diverticulitis]]
*[[Meclofenamate]]
*[[Meclofenamate]]
*[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
*[[Mefenamic acid]]
*[[Mefenamic acid]]
*[[Mefloquine]]
*[[Mefloquine]]
Line 1,560: Line 1,943:
*[[Megesterol]]
*[[Megesterol]]
*[[Melarsoprol]]
*[[Melarsoprol]]
*[[Meloxicam]]
*[[Ménétrier's disease]]
*[[Meprobamate]]
*[[Meprobamate]]
*[[Mercaptopurine]]
*[[Mercaptopurine]]
Line 1,576: Line 1,961:
*[[Methsuximide]]
*[[Methsuximide]]
*[[Methyclothiazide]]
*[[Methyclothiazide]]
*[[Methyldopa]]
*[[Methylergonovine]]
*[[Methylergonovine]]
*[[Methyprylon]]
*[[Methyprylon]]
Line 1,583: Line 1,969:
*[[Metoprolol]]
*[[Metoprolol]]
*[[Metronidazole]]
*[[Metronidazole]]
*[[Micafungin sodium]]
*[[Miconazole]]
*[[Miconazole]]
*[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
*[[Mifepristone]]
*[[Mifepristone]]
*[[Miglitol]]
*[[Miglitol]]
Line 1,595: Line 1,983:
*[[Modafinil]]
*[[Modafinil]]
*[[Moexipril]]
*[[Moexipril]]
*[[Mastocytosis|Monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome]]
*[[Moricizine ]]
*[[Moricizine ]]
*[[Morphine withdrawal]]
*[[Morphine withdrawal]]
Line 1,605: Line 1,994:
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Myleofibrosis]]
*[[Myleofibrosis]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Nabumetone]]
*[[Nabumetone]]
*[[Nafcillin]]
*[[Nafcillin]]
Line 1,617: Line 2,004:
*[[Nateglinide]]
*[[Nateglinide]]
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
*[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
*[[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
*[[Nelfinavir]]
*[[Nelfinavir]]
*[[Neomycin]]
*[[Neostigmine]]
*[[Neostigmine]]
*[[Netilmicin]]
*[[Netilmicin]]
Line 1,626: Line 2,015:
*[[Nevirapine ]]
*[[Nevirapine ]]
*[[Niclosamide]]
*[[Niclosamide]]
*[[Nintedanib]]
*[[Nizatidine]]
*[[Nizatidine]]
*[[Nontropical sprue]]
*[[Norfloxacin]]
*[[Norfloxacin]]
*[[Norwalk gastroenteritis]]
*[[Norwalk gastroenteritis]]
*[[Nystatin]]
*[[Nystatin]]
*[[Octreotide]]
*[[Ofloxacin]]
*[[Ofloxacin]]
*[[Oleander|Oleander poisoning]]
*[[Oleander|Oleander poisoning]]
*[[Olsalazine]]
*[[Omalizumab]]
*[[Omalizumab]]
*[[Omenn syndrome]]
*[[Omenn syndrome]]
Line 1,641: Line 2,034:
*[[Orlistat]]
*[[Orlistat]]
*[[Oseltamivir]]
*[[Oseltamivir]]
*[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
*[[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
*[[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
*[[Ovarian cancer]]
Line 1,650: Line 2,044:
*[[Oxybutynin]]
*[[Oxybutynin]]
*[[Oxyphenisatine]]
*[[Oxyphenisatine]]
*[[Palbociclib]]
*[[Palivizumab]]
*[[Palivizumab]]
*[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
*[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
*[[Pancrelipase]]
*[[Pancrelipase]]
*[[Panitumumab]]
*[[Pantoprazole]]
*[[Pantoprazole]]
*[[Paragonimus infection]]
*[[Paragonimus infection]]
*[[Paraquat]]
*[[Paraquat]]
*[[Parasympathomimetics]]
*[[Parathion]]
*[[Parathion]]
*[[Paroxetine]]
*[[Pearson syndrome]]
*[[Pegaspargase]]
*[[Pegaspargase]]
*[[Peginterferon alfa-2a]]
*[[Peginterferon alfa-2a]]
Line 1,678: Line 2,077:
*[[Persin]]
*[[Persin]]
*[[Pesticide poisoning]]
*[[Pesticide poisoning]]
*[[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]]
*[[Phentermine]]
*[[Phentermine]]
*[[Phentolamine]]
*[[Phentolamine]]
Line 1,686: Line 2,086:
*[[Pimecrolimus]]
*[[Pimecrolimus]]
*[[Pimozide]]
*[[Pimozide]]
*[[Pirfenidone]]
*[[Piroxicam]]
*[[Piroxicam]]
*[[Plerixafor]]
*[[Plicamycin]]
*[[Plicamycin]]
*[[Poliovirus]]
*[[Polyposis]]
*[[Polyposis]]
*[[Polythiazide]]
*[[Polythiazide]]
Line 1,694: Line 2,097:
*[[Posaconazole]]
*[[Posaconazole]]
*[[abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
*[[abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
*[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
*[[Vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
*[[Vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
*[[Potassium citrate]]
*[[Pramipexole ]]
*[[Pramipexole ]]
*[[Pramlintide]]
*[[Pramlintide]]
Line 1,706: Line 2,111:
*[[Propafenone]]
*[[Propafenone]]
*[[Propranolol]]
*[[Propranolol]]
*[[Prostaglandins]]
*[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
*[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
*[[Protriptyline ]]
*[[Protriptyline ]]
Line 1,711: Line 2,117:
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*[[Pyrantel pamoate]]
*[[Pyridostigmine]]
*[[Pyridostigmine]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Quinapril]]
*[[Quinapril]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Quinolones]]
*[[Quinupristin]]
*[[Quinupristin]]
*[[Rabeprazole ]]
*[[Rabeprazole ]]
*[[proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
*[[proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
*[[Radiation sickness]]
*[[Radiation sickness]]
*[[Radium chloride]]
*[[Raltitrexed]]
*[[Raltitrexed]]
*[[Ramipril]]
*[[Ramipril]]
Line 1,732: Line 2,141:
*[[Rhabditida]]
*[[Rhabditida]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Ricinoleic acid]]
*[[Ricin|Ricinus communis poisoning]]
*[[Ricin|Ricinus communis poisoning]]
*[[Rifabutin]]
*[[Rifampin ]]
*[[Rifampin ]]
*[[Rilmenidine]]
*[[Rilmenidine]]
Line 1,745: Line 2,156:
*[[Rotavirus]]
*[[Rotavirus]]
*[[Roundworm]]
*[[Roundworm]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Salmonellosis]]
*[[Salmonellosis]]
*[[Salsalate]]
*[[Salsalate]]
*[[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
*[[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
*[[Saquinavir]]
*[[Saquinavir mesylate]]
*[[Sarcocystis]]
*[[Sarcocystis]]
*[[Sargramostim]]
*[[Sargramostim]]
Line 1,763: Line 2,173:
*[[Shigellosis]]
*[[Shigellosis]]
*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
*[[Sildenafil]]
*[[Sildenafil]]
*[[Siltuximab]]
*[[Simethicone]]
*[[Simethicone]]
*[[Simvastatin]]
*[[Simvastatin]]
Line 1,774: Line 2,186:
*[[Sodium picosulfate]]
*[[Sodium picosulfate]]
*[[Sodium polystyrene sulfonate ]]
*[[Sodium polystyrene sulfonate ]]
*[[Sofosbuvir]]
*[[solanine|Solanine poisoning]]
*[[solanine|Solanine poisoning]]
*[[Solifenacin]]
*[[Solifenacin]]
Line 1,799: Line 2,212:
*[[Sulfisoxazole]]
*[[Sulfisoxazole]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Sulphonamides]]
*[[Sumatriptan]]
*[[Sumatriptan]]
*[[Sunitinib]]
*[[Sunitinib]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Tacrine]]
*[[Tacrine]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tamsulosin]]
*[[Tamsulosin]]
*[[Tapeworms]]
*[[Tapeworms]]
Line 1,816: Line 2,231:
*[[Terbinafine]]
*[[Terbinafine]]
*[[Teriparatide]]
*[[Teriparatide]]
*[[Tetracyclines]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thallium]]
Line 1,827: Line 2,243:
*[[Thyroxine]]
*[[Thyroxine]]
*[[Ticlopidine]]
*[[Ticlopidine]]
*[[Tigecycline]]
*[[Tiludronate]]
*[[Tiludronate]]
*[[Tipranavir]]
*[[Tipranavir]]
Line 1,835: Line 2,252:
*[[Toxocara]]
*[[Toxocara]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]
*[[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]]
*[[Tranexamic acid]]
*[[Tranexamic acid]]
*[[Tranylcypromine]]
*[[Tranylcypromine]]
Line 1,840: Line 2,258:
*[[Traveler's diarrhea]]
*[[Traveler's diarrhea]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Tropical sprue]]
*[[Trematoda]]
*[[Trematoda]]
*[[Treprostinil]]
*[[Treprostinil]]
*[[Tretinoin]]
*[[Triamterene]]
*[[Triamterene]]
*[[Triazolam]]
*[[Triazolam]]
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*[[Trimetrexate glucuronate]]
*[[Trimetrexate glucuronate]]
*[[Trimipramine]]
*[[Trimipramine]]
*[[Tropical sprue]]
*[[Trovafloxacin]]
*[[Trovafloxacin]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tularemia]]
*[[Tularemia]]
*[[Turcot syndrome]]
*[[Turcot syndrome]]
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*[[Valproic acid]]
*[[Valproic acid]]
*[[Valsartan]]
*[[Valsartan]]
*[[Vasculitis]]
*[[Vasculitis hypersensitivity]]
*[[Vasculitis hypersensitivity]]
*[[Verapamil]]
*[[Verapamil]]
*[[Vipoma|Verner-Morrison syndrome]]
*[[Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Vibrio cholerae]]
*[[Vibrio cholerae]]
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*[[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]
*[[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]
*[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
*[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
*[[Vilazodone]]
*[[Villous adenoma]]
*[[Vinblastine]]
*[[Vinblastine]]
*[[Vinorelbine tartrate]]
*[[Vinorelbine Tartrate|Vinorelbine tartrate]]
*[[Vipoma]]
*[[Vipoma]]
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
*[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
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*[[Zolmitriptan]]
*[[Zolmitriptan]]
*[[Zolpidem]]
*[[Zolpidem]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
}}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 July 2020

Diarrhea Microchapters

Home

Overview

Patient Information

Classification

Acute Diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; M.Umer Tariq [3]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [4]

Overview

The principal cause of diarrhea stems from ingestion of unsafe drinking water (typically from admixture of raw sewage to water supplies); the occurrence is predominantly in lesser developed countries. The common causes of acute diarrhea are infection, allergy, food intolerance, foodborne illness and/or extreme excesses of vitamin C and/or magnesium and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Infectious diarrhea is most commonly caused by viral infections or bacterial toxins. Diarrhea can also be a principal symptom of more serious diseases, such as dysentery, Montezuma's Revenge, cholera, or botulism, and can also be indicative of a chronic syndrome such as Crohn's disease. Temporary diarrhea can also result from the ingestion of laxative medications or large quantities of certain foods like prunes with laxative properties. Though appendicitis patients do not generally have diarrhea, it is a common symptom of a ruptured appendix. It is also an effect of severe radiation sickness.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.


Common Causes


Causes According to Pathophysiology

Osmotic Diarrhea


Secretory Diarrhea


Motility Related Diarrhea


Causes According to Duration

Acute Diarrhea


Chronic Diarrhea


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Portal vein thrombosis, superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Chemical / poisoning

Acrodynia, Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate, acute zinc toxicity, arsenic poisoning, Azacitidine , Cabozantinib carbamate insecticide poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, chlordane toxicity, chloroform toxicity, copper toxicity, diazinon poisoning, glutaraldehyde toxicity, heavy metal poisoning, lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, metal fume fever, naphthalene poisoning, organophosphate poisoning, paraquat toxicity, selenium toxicity, thallium toxicity

Dermatologic Acrodermatitis enteropathica, necrotizing fasciitis
Drug Side Effect

Ambenonium, 2C-B, 5-HT3 antagonist, 5-methoxy-diisopropyl tryptamine, abacavir, Acamprosate calcium, acarbose, acebutolol, Acetylcysteine, acyclovir, acitretin, aconitine, adefovir, afatinib, alatrofloxacin, albendazole, aldesleukin, Alemtuzumab, alendronate, aliskiren, allopurinol, alosetron, alpha-amanitin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, alprazolam, altretamine, ambenonium chloride, amifostine, amiloride, aminocaproic acid, aminophylline, amlexanox, amlodipine, Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, amoxicillin, amphetamine, amphotericin B, amprenavir, amitriptyline, anadenanthera peregrina, anagrelide, anakinra, anastrozole, Anidulafungin, anisindione, Apremilast, aprepitant, atazanavir, atenolol, atorvastatin, atovaquone, Atropine, auranofin, azithromycin, aztreonam, bacitracin, baclofen, barium nitrate, barium sulfate, Basiliximab, Benzphetamine, benazepril, bentiromide, bepridil, betaxolol, Bethanechol chloride, bevacizumab, bezafibrate, bicalutamide, biguanide, bisacodyl, bisoprolol, bortezomib, Bosutinib, bromocriptine, brompheniramine, bumetanide, buspirone, busulfan, candesartan, capecitabine, carbamazepine, carbidopa, carboplatin, carvedilol, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefamandole nafate, cefazolin, cefazolin, cefdinir, Cefditoren, cefepime, Cefixime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefotetan disodium, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, Cefprozil, Ceftaroline fosamil, ceftazidime, Ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalexin, cephradine, Ceritinib, cerivastatin, cetuximab, cevimeline, Chenodiol, chloral hydrate, chlorambucil, chlordiazepoxide, chlorodyne, chlorothiazide, chlorpheniramine, Chlorpropamide, chlorthalidone, cholestyramine, ciclosporin, cidofovir, cilostazol,, cinacalcet, cisapride, citalopram, cladribine, clamoxyquine, clarithromycin, clavulanic acid, clindamycin, clofarabine, clofibrate, clomipramine, clonazepam, clopidogrel, clorazepate, Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene, colchicine, colistimethate, conjugated estrogens, Crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cyproheptadine, cytarabine, dactinomycin, dalfopristin, dantrolene, daptomycin, darbepoetin alfa, darifenacin, darunavir, dasatinib, daunorubicin, deferasirox, delavirdine, demeclocycline, Denileukin diftitox deracoxib, desoxyn, Dexchlorpheniramine, dextroamphetamine, dextromethorphan, diacerein, diazepam, diclofenac, dicloxacillin, didanosine, diflunisal, digitoxin, digoxin, diltiazem, dipyridamole, dirithromycin, disopyramide, docetaxel, dofetilide, dolasetron, donepezil, doripenem, doxorubicin, doxycycline, DTPA, duloxetine, Ecallantide, eculizumab, efavirenz, Elvitegravir, emtricitabine, Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate enalapril, endosulfan, enoxacin, entacapone, Epirubicin hydrochloride, eplerenone, epoetin alfa, ergotamine, erlotinib, Eliglustat, erythromycin, esomeprazole, estazolam, estradiol, ethacrynic acid, ethosuximide, etidronate, etodolac, etoposide, exemestane, exenatide, ezetimibe, famciclovir, famotidine, felbamate, Ferric oxyhydroxide, fexofenadine, floxuridine, foscarnet sodium, fluconazole, flucytosine, fludarabine, fluoride, fluorouracil, fluoxetine, flurazepam, Flurbiprofen, flutamide, fluticasone, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, fosamprenavir, foscarnet, fosinopril, frovatriptan, fulvestrant, gabapentin, galantamine, ganciclovir, gatifloxacin, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemeprost, gemfibrozil, glatiramer, Glipizide, Glyburide and Metformin, glycopyrrolate, granisetron, griseofulvin, guanethidine, guanfacine, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxyprogesterone caproate hydroxyurea, hyoscyamine, ibandronate, Ibritumomab Tiuxetan ibuprofen, idarubicin, Idelalisib, Idursulfase, imatinib, Imiglucerase infliximab, interferon alfacon-1 , Interferon alfa-2b , interferon beta-1b, irinotecan hydrochloride, iron supplements, isocarboxazid, isradipine, itraconazole, Ivacaftor, Ivermectin, Ixabepilone, ketoconazole, Ketorolac tromethamine, Lactulose, lamivudine, lamotrigine, lanreotide, lansoprazole, lanthanum,Lapatinib, leflunomide, lenalidomide, letrozole, leuprolide, levalbuterol, levetiracetam, Lenvatinib, levocarnitine, levodopa, levofloxacin, Linaclotide, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, linezolid, liothyronine sodium, lisinopril, lithium, lomefloxacin, lopinavir, loracarbef, loratadine, lorazepam, loxapine, magnesium hydroxide, mebendazole, mechlorethamine, meclofenamate, Mercaptopurine, mefenamic acid, mefloquine, megestrol, Meloxicam, meprobamate, mercaptopurine, meropenem, mesalazine, mesna, mesoridazine, Metirosine, metformin, methamphetamine, methenamine, methotrexate, methoxychlor, methsuximide, methyclothiazide, methylergonovine, methyprylon, metoclopramide, metolachlor, metolazone, metoprolol, metronidazole, Micafungin sodium, miconazole, mifepristone, miglitol, Miglustat, miltefosine minocycline, misoprostol, mitotane, mitoxantrone, moclobemide, modafinil, moexipril, moricizine, moxifloxacin, mycophenolate, nabumetone, nafcillin, naltrexone, naphthalene, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, natalizumab, natamycin, nateglinide, nelfinavir, nevirapine, Niacin/simvastatin, niclosamide, Nilotinib, Nintedanib, nizatidine, norfloxacin, nystatin, ofloxacin, Olsalazine, omalizumab, omeprazole, ondansetron, oseltamivir, oxaliplatin, oxazepam, oxcarbazepine, oxtriphylline, oxybutynin, Palbociclib, palivizumab, pancrelipase, Panitumumab, pantoprazole, Paromomycin sulfate, Paroxetine, Pasireotide, pegaspargase, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed, pemoline, penbutolol, penicillin, pentamidine, pentostatin, pergolide, perindopril, perphenazine, Pertuzumab, phenazopyridine, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, phentermine, pilocarpine, pimecrolimus, pimozide, Pirfenidone, piroxicam, Plerixafor, Potassium iodide, plicamycin, polythiazide, posaconazole, Potassium chloride, Potassium citrate, pramipexole, pramlintide, prazepam, praziquantel, prazosin, procainamide, procarbazine, promethazine, propafenone, propranolol, permethrin, protriptyline, pseudoephedrine, Pyrantel pamoate, pyridostigmine, quinapril, quinidine, quinupristin, rabeprazole, Radium chloride, ramipril, Ramucirumab, ranitidine, rasagiline, Rasburicase, repaglinide, reserpine, retapamulin, ribavirin, rifabutin, rifampin, rilmenidine, riluzole, risedronate, risperidone, ritonavir, rituximab, rivastigmine, rizatriptan, Riluzole, roflumilast, Sacrosidase, salsalate, saquinavir mesylate, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride sargramostim, Secukinumab, selegiline, sevelamer, sildenafil, Siltuximab, simethicone, simvastatin, sirolimus, sitagliptin, sodium oxybate, sodium picosulfate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, solanine, solifenacin, sorafenib, sotalol, sparfloxacin, spironolactone, stavudine, streptozocin, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulindac, sumatriptan, sunitinib, tacrine, Tacrolimus, tamsulosin, tedizolid, tegaserod, telbivudine, telithromycin, telmisartan, temozolomide, teniposide, tenofovir, terbinafine, teriparatide, tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate, Thallous Chloride Tl 201, theophylline, thiabendazole, thioguanine, thioridazine, thiothixene, thyroxine, ticlopidine, Tigecycline, tiludronate, tipranavir, tocopherol, tolcapone, Tolmetin, topiramate, topotecan, Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, trandolapril, tranylcypromine, trastuzumab, trazodone, treprostinil, Tretinoin, triamterene, triazolam, trifluoperazine, trihexyphenidyl, trimeprazine, trimethadione, trimethobenzamide, trimetrexate glucuronate, trimipramine, triprolidine, trovafloxacin, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, valproic acid, valsartan, verapamil, Vandetanib, Vilazodone, vinblastine, voriconazole, vorinostat, zanamivir, Zafirlukast, zidovudine, ziprasidone, zoledronic acid, zolmitriptan, Zoledronate

Ear Nose Throat Otitis media in children
Endocrine

Addison's disease, carcinoid syndrome, diabetes insipidus, diabetic neuropathy, glucagonoma, Graves disease, hyperthyroidism, hypoaldosteronism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 neuroendocrine tumors, somatostatinoma, subacute thyroiditis

Environmental Abrus precatorious, agastache rugosa, alchornea castaneifolia, amanita phalloides poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, azalea poisoning, bee stings, datura stramonium poisoning, endosulfan toxication, food poisoning, herbal extract overdose, honey intoxication, insect bite allergy, isomalt toxicity, lycorine, marine toxins, mushroom poisoning, narcissus pseudonarcissus, oleander poisoning, pesticide poisoning, phytohaemagglutinin poisoning, phytolacca americana toxicity, ricinus communis poisoning, snakebites, solanine poisoning
Gastroenterologic

Abdominal abscess, abdominal cancer, achlorhydria, acute appendicitis, acute gastritis, bile acid sequestrant, biliary atresia, biliary tract cancer, blind loop syndrome, caecitis, carcinoid syndrome, celiac disease, cholestatic jaundice, colitis, colonic inertia, colonic malakoplakia, colonic villous adenomata, colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, enteritis, enterocele, enterocolitis, food poisoning, fructose malabsorption, gastric dumping syndrome, gastrinoma, gastritis, gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal amyloidosis, glucose-galactose malabsorption, gluten sensitivity, Habba syndrome ileitis, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal lymphangiectasis, intestinal pseudoobstruction, intususception, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic colitis, lactose intolerance, listeriosis, malabsorption syndrome, malassimilation, Meckel diverticulitis, polyposis, proctitis, protein losing enteropathy, tropical sprue, ulcerative colitis, Whipple's disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Genetic

3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, abetalipoproteinaemia, Arakawa's syndrome II, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, aspartylglycosaminuria, Baber's syndrome, Brown-symmers disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B, congenital intrinsic factor deficiency, congenital short bowel syndrome, congenital toxoplasmosis, Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2, Cronkhite-Canada disease, dibasic aminoaciduria 2, Fabry's disease, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, galactosemia, Gardner's syndrome, Gilbert's syndrome, glutathione synthetase deficiency, Hartnup disease, hereditary angioedema, HNPCC, hyper IgM syndrome, hyperlipoproteinemia type I, inborn amino acid metabolism disorder, juvenile polyposis syndrome, lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, malonic aciduria, malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, mucopolysaccharidosis, neuroblastoma, neurofibromatosis, Sanfilippo syndrome, Slone's disease, sphingolipidosis, sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, Turcot syndrome, very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Von Gierke disease, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Hematologic

Amyloidosis, C1 esterase inhibitor, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, hyper IgM syndrome, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, myleofibrosis, neutropenia, porphyria Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Iatrogenic

Adjustable gastric band, colonoscopy, dumping syndrome, graft versus host disease, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, postileal resection, postvagotomy, radiation proctitis, rectal surgery, radiation sickness, short bowel syndrome, vaccination

Infectious Disease

Adenophorea, adenoviridae, aeromonas hydrophila, AIDS, amebiasis, ancylostoma duodenale, anguillulosis, anthrax, ascariasis, astrovirus, bacillary dysentery, bacillus cereus, bacterial toxin, balantidiasis, beef tapeworm, blastocystis hominis, borrelia anserina, botulism, campylobacter jejuni, candida, capillaria, cestoda, ciguatera poisoning, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, clostridium sordellii, clostridium welchii, coccidia, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus, dientamoeba fragilis, diphyllobothrium infection, dipylidium caninum infection, Ebola, echinococcosis, ehrlichiosis, entamoeba histolytica, escherichia coli, fasciolopsiasis, filariasis, flavivirus, fusarium venenatum, giardia lamblia, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, helminthiasis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E, hepatitis X, hookworm infection, isosporiasis, katayama fever, lassa fever, legionella pneumophila, legionnaires' disease, leptospirosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, malaria, marburg virus, measles, metagonimiasis, mycobacterium avium complex, norwalk gastroenteritis, opisthorchis infection, paragonimus infection, pelvic abscess, pseudomembranous colitis, psittacosis, Q fever, rhabditida, rotavirus, roundworm, salmonellosis, sarcocystis, schistosomiasis, secernentea, shigellosis, small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome, staphylococcal food poisoning, staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, streptobacillus, streptococcal infections, strongyloides, tapeworms, trematoda, trichinella spiralis, trichinosis, trichuriasis, tularemia, typhoid fever, vancomycin, vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio parahemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, visceral leishmaniasis, Whipple disease, whipworm infection, yersinia enterocolitica

Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Common migraine, neuroblastoma, Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic

Folate deficiency, food allergies, food intolerances, iron supplements, kwashiorkor, lactose intolerance, milk allergy, pellagra, pernicious anemia, protein losing enteropathy, sucrose intolerance, vitamin C toxicity, zinc deficiency

Obstetric/Gynecologic Childbirth, endometriosis, neonatal sepsis, ovarian cancer, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Oncologic

Adrenal tumor, carcinoid syndrome, colorectal cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, Gardner's syndrome, gastric cancer, HNPCC, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Kaposi's sarcoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic adenoma, peritoneal mesothelioma, neuroendocrine tumors, ovarian cancer, small bowel lymphoma, somatostatinoma, thymus cancer, Vipoma,

Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity

Carbon monoxide toxicity, carnitine overuse, colchicine toxicity, digoxin toxicity, ergotism, heavy metal ingestion, mazindol

Psychiatric Anxiety-tension syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, dissociative disorder, panic attack
Pulmonary Anthrax, cystic fibrosis, diffuse systemic sclerosis, legionellosis
Renal / Electrolyte Acute kidney failure, chronic renal failure, hyperchloremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Acquired angioedema, Amyloidosis, anaphylaxis, autoimmune adrenalitis, autoimmune enteropathy, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, autonomic neuropathy, C1 esterase inhibitor, chronic granulomatous disease, complement 5 deficiency, hereditary angioedema, hyper IgM syndrome, Kawasaki disease, Omenn syndrome, Reiter’s syndrome, Satoyoshi syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic Proctitis, Reiter’s syndrome
Miscellaneous

Alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, anopsology

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References

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