Thyroid hormone receptor
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | THRA |
| Alt. Symbols | THRA1, THRA2, ERBA1 |
| Entrez | 7067 |
| HUGO | 11796 |
| OMIM | 190120 |
| RefSeq | NM_199334 |
| UniProt | P10827 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 17 q11.2-17q12 |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | THRB |
| Alt. Symbols | ERBA2 |
| Entrez | 7068 |
| HUGO | 11799 |
| OMIM | 190160 |
| RefSeq | NM_000461 |
| UniProt | P10828 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 3 p24.1-p22 |
The thyroid hormone receptor[1] is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding thyroid hormone.[2] Among its most important functions are regulation of metabolism and heart rate.[3][4] In addition, it plays a critical role in the development of organisms.
There are three forms of the thyroid hormone receptor designated alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2 that are able to bind thyroid hormone. There are two TR-alpha receptor splice variants encoded by the THRA gene and two TR-beta isoform splice variants encoded by the THRB gene:
- TR-α1 (widely expressed and especially high expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles)
- TR-α2 (homologous with viral oncogen c-erb-A, also widely expressed but unable to bind hormone)
- TR-β1 (predominately expressed in brain, liver and kidney)
- TR-β2 (expression primarily limited to the hypothalamus and pituitary)
Certain mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor are associated with thyroid hormone resistance.[5]
References
- ↑ Spurr NK, Solomon E, Jansson M, Sheer D, Goodfellow PN, Bodmer WF, Vennstrom B (1984). "Chromosomal localisation of the human homologues to the oncogenes erbA and B". EMBO J. 3 (1): 159-63. PMID 6323162.
- ↑ Flamant F, Baxter JD, Forrest D, Refetoff S, Samuels H, Scanlan TS, Vennstrom B, Samarut J (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. LIX. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: thyroid hormone receptors". Pharmacol Rev 58 (4): 705-11. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.3. PMID 17132849.
- ↑ Yen PM (2001). "Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action". Physiol Rev 81 (3): 1097-142. PMID 11427693.
- ↑ Harvey CB, Williams GR (2002). "Mechanism of thyroid hormone action". Thyroid 12 (6): 441-6. doi:10.1089/105072502760143791. PMID 12165104.
- ↑ Olateju TO, Vanderpump MP (2006). "Thyroid hormone resistance". Ann Clin Biochem 43 (Pt 6): 431-40. doi:10.1258/000456306778904678. PMID 17132274.
External links
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors | |||||||||||||
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| (1) Basic domains |
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| (2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains |
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| (3) Helix-turn-helix domains |
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| (4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts |
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| (0) Other transcription factors |
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