RAR-related orphan receptor

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RAR-related orphan receptor A (alpha)
Identifiers
Symbol RORA
Alt. Symbols RZRA, ROR1, ROR2, ROR3, NR1F1
Entrez 6095
HUGO 10258
OMIM 600825
PDB 1N83
RefSeq NM_002943
UniProt P35398
Other data
Locus Chr. 15 q21-q22
RAR-related orphan receptor B (beta)
Identifiers
Symbol RORB
Alt. Symbols RZRB, NR1F2, ROR-BETA
Entrez 6096
HUGO 10259
OMIM 601972
PDB 1NQ7
RefSeq NM_006914
UniProt Q92753
Other data
Locus Chr. 9 q22
RAR-related orphan receptor C (gamma)
Identifiers
Symbol RORC
Alt. Symbols RZRG, RORG, NR1F3, TOR
Entrez 6097
HUGO 10260
OMIM 602943
RefSeq NM_005060
UniProt P51449
Other data
Locus Chr. 1 q21

The RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.[1][2] There are three forms of ROR, ROR-α, -β, and -γ and each is encoded by a separate gene (RORA, RORB, and RORC respectively). The RORs are somewhat unusual in that they appear to bind as monomers to hormone response elements as opposed to the majority of other nuclear receptors which bind as dimers.[3]

Melatonin is reported to be the endogenous ligand for ROR-α[4] In contrast, all-trans retinoic acid binds with high affinity to ROR-β but not ROR-α or -γ.[5]

The three forms of RORs fulfill a number of critical roles[6] including:

References

  1. ↑ Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G (1994). "Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors". Genes Dev. 8 (5): 538-53. doi:10.1101/gad.8.5.538. PMID 7926749.
  2. ↑ Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM (1994). "ROR gamma: the third member of ROR/RZR orphan receptor subfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (3): 1976-83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2902. PMID 7811290.
  3. ↑ Jetten AM, Kurebayashi S, Ueda E (2001). "The ROR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily: critical regulators of multiple biological processes". Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 69: 205-47. PMID 11550795.
  4. ↑ Wiesenberg I, Missbach M, Kahlen JP, Schräder M, Carlberg C (1995). "Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor RZR alpha by the pineal gland hormone melatonin and identification of CGP 52608 as a synthetic ligand". Nucleic Acids Res. 23 (3): 327-33. doi:10.1093/nar/23.3.327. PMID 7885826.
  5. ↑ Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R (2003). "All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (10): 820-5. doi:10.1038/nsb979. PMID 12958591.
  6. ↑ Jetten AM (2004). "Recent advances in the mechanisms of action and physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs)". Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy 3 (4): 395-412. PMID 15584888.

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v • d • e
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) Activating transcription factor (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3) • GABPA • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • HIF (1A, 3A) • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • NEUROD1 • Twist • USF1
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP Myc • MITF • SREBP (1, 2)
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) AP-2
(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4) subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)
(2.2) Other Cys4 GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(2.3) Cys2His2 General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH: 1, 2) • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13) • Sp1 • zinc finger (3, 35, 43, 146, 148, 165, 217, 268, 281, 350) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33)
(2.4) Cys6 HIVEP1
(3) Helix-turn-helix
domains
(3.1) Homeo domain ARX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C6, C8, C9, C13, D1, D3, D4, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7)
(3.2) Paired box PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
(3.3) Fork head / winged helix E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, L2, M1, N3, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3)
(3.4) Heat Shock Factors HSF1
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters ELF (4, 5) • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB
(3.6) TEA domain transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2
(4) β-Scaffold factors with
minor groove contacts
(4.1) Rel homology region NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (5, C1, C2, C3, C4)
(4.2) STAT STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(4.3) p53 p53
(4.4) MADS box Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF
(4.7) High mobility group HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18) • SRY • SSRP1
(4.10) Cold-shock domain CSDA
(0) Other
transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y) HMGA (1, 2)
(0.3) Pocket domain Rb • RBL1 • RBL2
(0.6) Miscellaneous ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD
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