STAT1

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa
250px
STAT1 bound to DNA
Available structures: 1bf5, 1yvl
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	STAT1; DKFZp686B04100; ISGF-3; STAT91
External IDs	OMIM: 600555 MGI: 103063 Homologene: 21428
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • transcription factor activity • signal transducer activity • hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor signal transducer activity • calcium ion binding Cellular Component: • nucleus • cytoplasm Biological Process: • regulation of progression through cell cycle • transcription • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • caspase activation • signal transduction • intracellular signaling cascade • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade • tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein • STAT protein nuclear translocation • response to virus
RNA expression pattern
250px More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6772	20846
Ensembl	ENSG00000115415	ENSMUSG00000026104
Uniprot	P42224	Q3TW11
Refseq	NM_007315 (mRNA) NP_009330 (protein)	NM_009283 (mRNA) NP_033309 (protein)
Location	Chr 2: 191.54 - 191.59 Mb	Chr 1: 52.07 - 52.1 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

STAT1 is a member of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription family of transcription factors. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either type I or type II interferons. In response to IFN-γ stimulation, STAT1 forms homodimers or heterodimers with STAT3 that bind to the GAS (Interferon-Gamma Activated Sequence) promoter element; in response to either IFN-α or IFN-β stimulation, STAT1 forms a heterodimer with STAT2 that can bind the ISRE (Interferon Stimulated Response Element) promoter element. In either case, binding of the promoter element leads to an increased expression of ISG (Interferon Stimulated Genes).

Expression of STAT1 can be induced with diallyl disulfide, a compound in garlic.

Further reading

• Cebulla CM, Miller DM, Sedmak DD (2000). "Viral inhibition of interferon signal transduction.". Intervirology 42 (5-6): 325-30. PMID 10702714.
• Kisseleva T, Bhattacharya S, Braunstein J, Schindler CW (2002). "Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges.". Gene 285 (1-2): 1-24. PMID 12039028.
• Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection.". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87-94. PMID 15638726.