CREB1: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''CAMP responsive element binding protein 1''', also known as '''CREB-1''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CREB1'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid2974179">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoeffler JP, Meyer TE, Yun Y, Jameson JL, Habener JF | title = Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on a cloned placental cDNA | journal = Science | volume = 242 | issue = 4884 | pages = 1430–3 | date = Dec 1988 | pmid = 2974179 | doi = 10.1126/science.2974179 }}</ref><ref name="pmid2142119">{{cite journal | vauthors = Taylor AK, Klisak I, Mohandas T, Sparkes RS, Li C, Gaynor R, Lusis AJ | title = Assignment of the human gene for CREB1 to chromosome 2q32.3-q34 | journal = Genomics | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 416–21 | date = Jul 1990 | pmid = 2142119 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90176-U }}</ref> This protein binds the [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]] response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular [[promoter (biology)|promoters]]. The binding of CREB1 stimulates transcription.
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This protein is a [[CREB]] [[transcription factor]] that is a member of the [[leucine zipper]] family of [[DNA-binding protein]]s. This protein binds as a homodimer to the [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]]-responsive element, an octameric [[Palindromic_sequence|palindrome]]. The protein is [[phosphorylated]] by several [[protein kinase]]s, and induces [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription of gene]]s in response to [[hormone|hormonal stimulation]] of the cAMP pathway. [[Alternate splicing]] of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different [[isoforms]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1385| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CREB1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1dh3.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1dh3}}
| Name = CAMP responsive element binding protein 1
| HGNCid = 2345
| Symbol = CREB1
| AltSymbols =; CREB; MGC9284
| OMIM = 123810
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3223
| MGIid = 88494
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CREB1_204313_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CREB1_204312_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CREB1_204314_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003712 |text = transcription cofactor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043565 |text = sequence-specific DNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046983 |text = protein dimerization activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005667 |text = transcription factor complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006355 |text = regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007409 |text = axonogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008361 |text = regulation of cell size}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1385
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000118260
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004370
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004379
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 208102931
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 208171806
    | Hs_Uniprot = P16220
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12912
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000025958
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009952
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034082
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 64467080
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 64538826
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q547S9
  }}
}}
'''CAMP responsive element binding protein 1''', also known as '''CREB1''', is a human protein and [[gene]]. This protein binds the [[cAMP]] response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular [[promoters]]. The binding of CREB1 stimulates transcription.


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== See also ==
{{PBB_Summary
*[[CREB]]
| section_title =  
| summary_text = This gene encodes a [[CREB]] [[transcription factor]] that is a member of the [[leucine zipper]] family of [[DNA binding protein]]s. This protein binds as a homodimer to the [[cAMP]]-responsive element, an octameric [[palindrome]]. The protein is [[phosphorylated]] by several [[protein kinase]]s, and induces [[Transcription (genetics)|transcription of gene]]s in response to [[hormone|hormonal stimulation]] of the cAMP pathway. [[Alternate splicing]] of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different [[isoforms]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1385| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
== Interactions ==
*[[CREB]]
 
CREB1 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
* {{SWL|target=CEBPB|type=PPI}},<ref name="pmid12773552">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen Y, Zhuang S, Cassenaer S, Casteel DE, Gudi T, Boss GR, Pilz RB | title = Synergism between calcium and cyclic GMP in cyclic AMP response element-dependent transcriptional regulation requires cooperation between CREB and C/EBP-beta | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 12 | pages = 4066–82 | date = Jun 2003 | pmid = 12773552 | pmc = 156132 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.12.4066-4082.2003 }}</ref>
* {{SWL|target=CREB binding protein|type=PPI}},<ref name="pmid15073328">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shi Y, Venkataraman SL, Dodson GE, Mabb AM, LeBlanc S, Tibbetts RS | title = Direct regulation of CREB transcriptional activity by ATM in response to genotoxic stress | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 101 | issue = 16 | pages = 5898–903 | date = Apr 2004 | pmid = 15073328 | pmc = 395895 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0307718101 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15691881">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim J, Jia L, Stallcup MR, Coetzee GA | title = The role of protein kinase A pathway and cAMP responsive element-binding protein in androgen receptor-mediated transcription at the prostate-specific antigen locus | journal = Journal of Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 107–18 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15691881 | doi = 10.1677/jme.1.01701 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8663317">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, Fujisawa H, Hagiwara M | title = Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 30 | pages = 17957–60 | date = Jul 1996 | pmid = 8663317 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9413984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Radhakrishnan I, Pérez-Alvarado GC, Parker D, Dyson HJ, Montminy MR, Wright PE | title = Solution structure of the KIX domain of CBP bound to the transactivation domain of CREB: a model for activator:coactivator interactions | journal = Cell | volume = 91 | issue = 6 | pages = 741–52 | date = Dec 1997 | pmid = 9413984 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80463-8 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9786917">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sano Y, Tokitou F, Dai P, Maekawa T, Yamamoto T, Ishii S | title = CBP alleviates the intramolecular inhibition of ATF-2 function | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 273 | issue = 44 | pages = 29098–105 | date = Oct 1998 | pmid = 9786917 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.44.29098 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12196545">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zor T, Mayr BM, Dyson HJ, Montminy MR, Wright PE | title = Roles of phosphorylation and helix propensity in the binding of the KIX domain of CREB-binding protein by constitutive (c-Myb) and inducible (CREB) activators | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 44 | pages = 42241–8 | date = Nov 2002 | pmid = 12196545 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M207361200 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10848610">{{cite journal | vauthors = Giebler HA, Lemasson I, Nyborg JK | title = p53 recruitment of CREB binding protein mediated through phosphorylated CREB: a novel pathway of tumor suppressor regulation | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 13 | pages = 4849–58 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10848610 | pmc = 85936 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.13.4849-4858.2000 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10866654">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Q, Vo N, Goodman RH | title = Histone binding protein RbAp48 interacts with a complex of CREB binding protein and phosphorylated CREB | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 14 | pages = 4970–8 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10866654 | pmc = 85947 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.14.4970-4978.2000 }}</ref><ref name="pmid11259575">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ernst P, Wang J, Huang M, Goodman RH, Korsmeyer SJ | title = MLL and CREB bind cooperatively to the nuclear coactivator CREB-binding protein | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 21 | issue = 7 | pages = 2249–58 | date = Apr 2001 | pmid = 11259575 | pmc = 86859 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001 }}</ref><ref name="pmid12198160">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ledo F, Kremer L, Mellström B, Naranjo JR | title = Ca2+-dependent block of CREB-CBP transcription by repressor DREAM | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 21 | issue = 17 | pages = 4583–92 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12198160 | pmc = 126180 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/cdf440 }}</ref>
* {{SWL|target=FHL2|type=PPI}},<ref name="pmid11046156">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fimia GM, De Cesare D, Sassone-Corsi P | title = A family of LIM-only transcriptional coactivators: tissue-specific expression and selective activation of CREB and CREM | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 22 | pages = 8613–22 | date = Nov 2000 | pmid = 11046156 | pmc = 102166 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.20.22.8613-8622.2000 }}</ref>
* {{SWL|target=FHL3|type=PPI}},<ref name=pmid11046156/>
* {{SWL|target=FHL5|type=PPI}}.<ref name=pmid11046156/>
* {{SWL|target=HTATIP|type=PPI}},<ref name="pmid10720489">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gavaravarapu S, Kamine J | title = Tip60 inhibits activation of CREB protein by protein kinase A | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 269 | issue = 3 | pages = 758–66 | date = Mar 2000 | pmid = 10720489 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2358 }}</ref>
* {{SWL|target=P53|type=PPI}},<ref name=pmid10848610/> and
* {{SWL|target=RPS6KA5|type=PPI}}.<ref name="pmid9687510">{{cite journal | vauthors = Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq LM, Alessi DR | title = Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 17 | issue = 15 | pages = 4426–41 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9687510 | pmc = 1170775 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.15.4426 }}</ref><ref name="pmid">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang X, Li W, Williams M, Terada N, Alessi DR, Proud CG | title = Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90(RSK1) and p70 S6 kinase | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 20 | issue = 16 | pages = 4370–9 | date = Aug 2001 | pmid = 11500364 | pmc = 125559 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/20.16.4370 }}</ref>


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Don J, Stelzer G | title = The expanding family of CREB/CREM transcription factors that are involved with spermatogenesis | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 187 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 115–24 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11988318 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(01)00696-7 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pandey SC | title = The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction | journal = Pharmacology & Therapeutics | volume = 104 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–58 | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15500908 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Don J, Stelzer G |title=The expanding family of CREB/CREM transcription factors that are involved with spermatogenesis. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=187 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 115-24 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11988318 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu H, Zhou Y, Xiong ZQ | title = Transducer of regulated CREB and late phase long-term synaptic potentiation | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 3218–23 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17565597 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05891.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pandey SC |title=The gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein: role in positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction. |journal=Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=104 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-58 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15500908 |doi= 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.002 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kitagawa K | title = CREB and cAMP response element-mediated gene expression in the ischemic brain | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 3210–7 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17565598 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05890.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wu H, Zhou Y, Xiong ZQ |title=Transducer of regulated CREB and late phase long-term synaptic potentiation. |journal=FEBS J. |volume=274 |issue= 13 |pages= 3218-23 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565597 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05891.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Takemori H, Kajimura J, Okamoto M | title = TORC-SIK cascade regulates CREB activity through the basic leucine zipper domain | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 3202–9 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17565599 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05889.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kitagawa K |title=CREB and cAMP response element-mediated gene expression in the ischemic brain. |journal=FEBS J. |volume=274 |issue= 13 |pages= 3210-7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565598 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05890.x }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Siu YT, Jin DY | title = CREB--a real culprit in oncogenesis | journal = The FEBS Journal | volume = 274 | issue = 13 | pages = 3224–32 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17565603 | doi = 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05884.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Takemori H, Kajimura J, Okamoto M |title=TORC-SIK cascade regulates CREB activity through the basic leucine zipper domain. |journal=FEBS J. |volume=274 |issue= 13 |pages= 3202-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565599 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05889.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Siu YT, Jin DY |title=CREB--a real culprit in oncogenesis. |journal=FEBS J. |volume=274 |issue= 13 |pages= 3224-32 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17565603 |doi= 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05884.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|CREB1+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|CREB1+protein,+human}}
* {{UCSC gene info|CREB1}}


{{NLM content}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=1385}}
{{Transcription factors|g1}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]


{{gene-2-stub}}
{{gene-2-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Transcription factors}}
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 10:01, 30 August 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CAMP responsive element binding protein 1, also known as CREB-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREB1 gene.[1][2] This protein binds the cAMP response element, a DNA nucleotide sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. The binding of CREB1 stimulates transcription.

This protein is a CREB transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds as a homodimer to the cAMP-responsive element, an octameric palindrome. The protein is phosphorylated by several protein kinases, and induces transcription of genes in response to hormonal stimulation of the cAMP pathway. Alternate splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[3]

See also

Interactions

CREB1 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. Hoeffler JP, Meyer TE, Yun Y, Jameson JL, Habener JF (Dec 1988). "Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on a cloned placental cDNA". Science. 242 (4884): 1430–3. doi:10.1126/science.2974179. PMID 2974179.
  2. Taylor AK, Klisak I, Mohandas T, Sparkes RS, Li C, Gaynor R, Lusis AJ (Jul 1990). "Assignment of the human gene for CREB1 to chromosome 2q32.3-q34". Genomics. 7 (3): 416–21. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90176-U. PMID 2142119.
  3. "Entrez Gene: CREB1 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1".
  4. Chen Y, Zhuang S, Cassenaer S, Casteel DE, Gudi T, Boss GR, Pilz RB (Jun 2003). "Synergism between calcium and cyclic GMP in cyclic AMP response element-dependent transcriptional regulation requires cooperation between CREB and C/EBP-beta". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (12): 4066–82. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.12.4066-4082.2003. PMC 156132. PMID 12773552.
  5. Shi Y, Venkataraman SL, Dodson GE, Mabb AM, LeBlanc S, Tibbetts RS (Apr 2004). "Direct regulation of CREB transcriptional activity by ATM in response to genotoxic stress". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (16): 5898–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.0307718101. PMC 395895. PMID 15073328.
  6. Kim J, Jia L, Stallcup MR, Coetzee GA (Feb 2005). "The role of protein kinase A pathway and cAMP responsive element-binding protein in androgen receptor-mediated transcription at the prostate-specific antigen locus". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 34 (1): 107–18. doi:10.1677/jme.1.01701. PMID 15691881.
  7. Shimomura A, Ogawa Y, Kitani T, Fujisawa H, Hagiwara M (Jul 1996). "Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates transcriptional activation through activating transcription factor 1 but not cAMP response element-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (30): 17957–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.17957. PMID 8663317.
  8. Radhakrishnan I, Pérez-Alvarado GC, Parker D, Dyson HJ, Montminy MR, Wright PE (Dec 1997). "Solution structure of the KIX domain of CBP bound to the transactivation domain of CREB: a model for activator:coactivator interactions". Cell. 91 (6): 741–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80463-8. PMID 9413984.
  9. Sano Y, Tokitou F, Dai P, Maekawa T, Yamamoto T, Ishii S (Oct 1998). "CBP alleviates the intramolecular inhibition of ATF-2 function". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (44): 29098–105. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.44.29098. PMID 9786917.
  10. Zor T, Mayr BM, Dyson HJ, Montminy MR, Wright PE (Nov 2002). "Roles of phosphorylation and helix propensity in the binding of the KIX domain of CREB-binding protein by constitutive (c-Myb) and inducible (CREB) activators". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (44): 42241–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207361200. PMID 12196545.
  11. 11.0 11.1 Giebler HA, Lemasson I, Nyborg JK (Jul 2000). "p53 recruitment of CREB binding protein mediated through phosphorylated CREB: a novel pathway of tumor suppressor regulation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (13): 4849–58. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.13.4849-4858.2000. PMC 85936. PMID 10848610.
  12. Zhang Q, Vo N, Goodman RH (Jul 2000). "Histone binding protein RbAp48 interacts with a complex of CREB binding protein and phosphorylated CREB". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (14): 4970–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.14.4970-4978.2000. PMC 85947. PMID 10866654.
  13. Ernst P, Wang J, Huang M, Goodman RH, Korsmeyer SJ (Apr 2001). "MLL and CREB bind cooperatively to the nuclear coactivator CREB-binding protein". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (7): 2249–58. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.7.2249-2258.2001. PMC 86859. PMID 11259575.
  14. Ledo F, Kremer L, Mellström B, Naranjo JR (Sep 2002). "Ca2+-dependent block of CREB-CBP transcription by repressor DREAM". The EMBO Journal. 21 (17): 4583–92. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf440. PMC 126180. PMID 12198160.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Fimia GM, De Cesare D, Sassone-Corsi P (Nov 2000). "A family of LIM-only transcriptional coactivators: tissue-specific expression and selective activation of CREB and CREM". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (22): 8613–22. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.22.8613-8622.2000. PMC 102166. PMID 11046156.
  16. Gavaravarapu S, Kamine J (Mar 2000). "Tip60 inhibits activation of CREB protein by protein kinase A". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 269 (3): 758–66. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2358. PMID 10720489.
  17. Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq LM, Alessi DR (Aug 1998). "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated by MAPK and SAPK2/p38, and may mediate activation of CREB". The EMBO Journal. 17 (15): 4426–41. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.15.4426. PMC 1170775. PMID 9687510.
  18. Wang X, Li W, Williams M, Terada N, Alessi DR, Proud CG (Aug 2001). "Regulation of elongation factor 2 kinase by p90(RSK1) and p70 S6 kinase". The EMBO Journal. 20 (16): 4370–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.16.4370. PMC 125559. PMID 11500364.

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.