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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''CD9 antigen''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CD9'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid6198179">{{cite journal | vauthors = Katz F, Povey S, Parkar M, Schneider C, Sutherland R, Stanley K, Solomon E, Greaves M | title = Chromosome assignment of monoclonal antibody-defined determinants on human leukemic cells | journal = Eur J Immunol | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 1008–1013 | date = March 1984 | pmid = 6198179 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830131211 }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = CD9 molecule
| HGNCid = 1709
| Symbol = CD9
| AltSymbols =; 5H9; BA2; BTCC-1; DRAP-27; GIG2; MIC3; MRP-1; P24; TSPAN29
| OMIM = 143030
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 20420
| MGIid = 88348
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD9_201005_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007342 |text = fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030168 |text = platelet activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030913 |text = paranodal junction assembly}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 928
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000010278
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001760
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001769
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 6179134
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 6217686
    | Hs_Uniprot = P21926
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 12527
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030342
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007657
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031683
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 125425885
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 125460379
    | Mm_Uniprot = P40240
  }}
}}
'''CD9 molecule''', also known as '''CD9''', is a human [[gene]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the [[tetraspanin]] family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It can modulate cell adhesion and migration and also trigger platelet activation and aggregation. In addition, the protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD9 CD9 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=928| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
CD9 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. CD9 is found on the surface of [[Exosome (vesicle)|exosomes]]<ref name="pmid20138817">{{cite journal | vauthors = Le Mercier I, Lines JL, Noelle RJ | title = Exosome secreted by MSC reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. | journal = Stem Cell Research | volume = 4 | issue = 3| date = May 2010 | pmid = 20138817 | doi = 10.1016/j.scr.2009.12.003 }}</ref><ref name="pmid27784871">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sumiyoshi N, Ishitobi H, Miyaki S, Miyado K, Adachi N, Ochi M | title = The role of tetraspanin CD9 in osteoarthritis using three different mouse models. | journal = Biomedical Research | volume = 37 | issue = 5| date = October 2016 | pmid = 27784871 | doi = 10.2220/biomedres.37.283 }}</ref> and it can modulate cell adhesion and migration and also trigger platelet activation and aggregation. In addition, the protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD9 CD9 molecule| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=928| accessdate = }}</ref> This protein also seems to be a key part in the egg-sperm fusion during mammalian fertilization.  While oocytes are ovulated, CD9-deficient oocytes are not properly fused with sperm upon fertilization.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Le Naour F, Rubinstein E, Jasmin C, Prenant M, Boucheix C | title = Severely Reduced Female Fertility in CD9-Deficient Mice | journal = Science | volume = 287 | issue = 5451 | pages = 319–321 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10634790 | doi = 10.1126/science.287.5451.319 }}</ref> CD9 is located in the microvillar membrane of the oocytes and also appears to intervene in maintaining the normal shape of oocyte [[microvilli]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Runge KE, Evans JE, He ZY, Gupta S, McDonald KL, Stahlberg H, Primakoff P, Myles DG | title = Oocyte CD9 is enriched on the microvillar membrane and required for normal microvillar shape and distribution | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 304 | issue = 1 | pages = 317–325 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17239847 | doi = 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.12.041 }}</ref>
 
== Interactions ==
 
CD9 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[CD117]],<ref name = pmid12036870>{{cite journal | vauthors = Anzai N, Lee Y, Youn BS, Fukuda S, Kim YJ, Mantel C, Akashi M, Broxmeyer HE | title = C-kit associated with the transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins constitutes a functionally distinct subunit in human hematopoietic progenitors | journal = Blood | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 4413–21 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12036870 | doi =  10.1182/blood.v99.12.4413}}</ref>
* [[CD29]]<ref name = pmid8630057/><ref name = pmid12175627>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mazzocca A, Carloni V, Sciammetta S, Cordella C, Pantaleo P, Caldini A, Gentilini P, Pinzani M | title = Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins and their role in hepatic stellate cell motility and wound healing migration | journal = J. Hepatol. | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 322–30 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12175627 | doi =  10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00175-7}}</ref>
* [[CD46]],<ref name = pmid10741407>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lozahic S, Christiansen D, Manié S, Gerlier D, Billard M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E | title = CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) associates with multiple beta1 integrins and tetraspans | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 900–7 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10741407 | doi = 10.1002/1521-4141(200003)30:3<900::AID-IMMU900>3.0.CO;2-X }}</ref>
* [[CD49c]],<ref name = pmid10694273>{{cite journal | vauthors = Park KR, Inoue T, Ueda M, Hirano T, Higuchi T, Maeda M, Konishi I, Fujiwara H, Fujii S | title = CD9 is expressed on human endometrial epithelial cells in association with integrins alpha(6), alpha(3) and beta(1) | journal = Mol. Hum. Reprod. | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 252–7 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10694273 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/6.3.252 }}</ref><ref name = pmid10065872>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hirano T, Higuchi T, Ueda M, Inoue T, Kataoka N, Maeda M, Fujiwara H, Fujii S | title = CD9 is expressed in extravillous trophoblasts in association with integrin alpha3 and integrin alpha5 | journal = Mol. Hum. Reprod. | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 162–7 | date = February 1999 | pmid = 10065872 | doi =  10.1093/molehr/5.2.162}}</ref>
* [[CD81]],<ref name = pmid8630057>{{cite journal | vauthors = Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P | title = CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 222 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–8 | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8630057 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690 }}</ref><ref name = pmid9804823>{{cite journal | vauthors = Horváth G, Serru V, Clay D, Billard M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E | title = CD19 is linked to the integrin-associated tetraspans CD9, CD81, and CD82 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 46 | pages = 30537–43 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9804823 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.273.46.30537}}</ref>
* [[PTGFRN]],<ref name = pmid11278880>{{cite journal | vauthors = Charrin S, Le Naour F, Oualid M, Billard M, Faure G, Hanash SM, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E | title = The major CD9 and CD81 molecular partner. Identification and characterization of the complexes | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 17 | pages = 14329–37 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11278880 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M011297200 }}</ref><ref name = pmid11087758>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stipp CS, Orlicky D, Hemler ME | title = FPRP, a major, highly stoichiometric, highly specific CD81- and CD9-associated protein | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 7 | pages = 4853–62 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11087758 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M009859200 }}</ref>  and
* [[TSPAN4]].<ref name = pmid9360996>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, Zutter MM, Hemler ME | title = NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 46 | pages = 29181–9 | date = November 1997 | pmid = 9360996 | doi =  10.1074/jbc.272.46.29181}}</ref>
{{Div col end}}
 
== See also ==
* [[Tetraspanin]]
* [[Tetraspanin]]
* [[Myogenesis]]
* [[Fertilisation]]
== References ==
{{reflist|35em}}


==References==
==External links==
{{reflist|2}}
* {{UCSC gene info|CD9}}
==Further reading==
 
{{refbegin | 2}}
== Further reading ==
{{PBB_Further_reading
{{refbegin|35em}}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Horejsí V, Vlcek C | title = Novel structurally distinct family of leucocyte surface glycoproteins including CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63 | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 288 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 1–4 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1879540 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80988-F }}
*{{cite journal | author=Horejsí V, Vlcek C |title=Novel structurally distinct family of leucocyte surface glycoproteins including CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=288 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1879540 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Berditchevski F | title = Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye | journal = J. Cell Sci. | volume = 114 | issue = Pt 23 | pages = 4143–51 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11739647 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Berditchevski F |title=Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=114 |issue= Pt 23 |pages= 4143-51 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11739647 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ninomiya H, Sims PJ | title = The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9 | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 267 | issue = 19 | pages = 13675–80 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1377690 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ninomiya H, Sims PJ |title=The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 19 |pages= 13675-80 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1377690 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Miyake M, Koyama M, Seno M, Ikeyama S | title = Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 174 | issue = 6 | pages = 1347–1354 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1720807 | pmc = 2119050 | doi = 10.1084/jem.174.6.1347 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Miyake M, Koyama M, Seno M, Ikeyama S |title=Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=174 |issue= 6 |pages= 1347-54 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1720807 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Boucheix C, Benoit P, Frachet P, Billard M, Worthington RE, Gagnon J, Uzan G | title = Molecular cloning of the CD9 antigen. A new family of cell surface proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 1 | pages = 117–22 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1840589 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Boucheix C, Benoit P, Frachet P, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of the CD9 antigen. A new family of cell surface proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 1 |pages= 117-22 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1840589 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Iwamoto R, Senoh H, Okada Y, Uchida T, Mekada E | title = An antibody that inhibits the binding of diphtheria toxin to cells revealed the association of a 27-kDa membrane protein with the diphtheria toxin receptor | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 30 | pages = 20463–9 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1939101 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Iwamoto R, Senoh H, Okada Y, ''et al.'' |title=An antibody that inhibits the binding of diphtheria toxin to cells revealed the association of a 27-kDa membrane protein with the diphtheria toxin receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 30 |pages= 20463-9 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1939101 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Benoit P, Gross MS, Frachet P, Frézal J, Uzan G, Boucheix C, Nguyen VC | title = Assignment of the human CD9 gene to chromosome 12 (region P13) by use of human specific DNA probes | journal = Hum. Genet. | volume = 86 | issue = 3 | pages = 268–72 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1997380 | doi = 10.1007/bf00202407 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Benoit P, Gross MS, Frachet P, ''et al.'' |title=Assignment of the human CD9 gene to chromosome 12 (region P13) by use of human specific DNA probes. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=86 |issue= 3 |pages= 268-72 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1997380 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lanza F, Wolf D, Fox CF, Kieffer N, Seyer JM, Fried VA, Coughlin SR, Phillips DR, Jennings LK | title = cDNA cloning and expression of platelet p24/CD9. Evidence for a new family of multiple membrane-spanning proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 266 | issue = 16 | pages = 10638–45 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2037603 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lanza F, Wolf D, Fox CF, ''et al.'' |title=cDNA cloning and expression of platelet p24/CD9. Evidence for a new family of multiple membrane-spanning proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=266 |issue= 16 |pages= 10638-45 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2037603 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Higashihara M, Takahata K, Yatomi Y, Nakahara K, Kurokawa K | title = Purification and partial characterization of CD9 antigen of human platelets | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 264 | issue = 2 | pages = 270–274 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2358073 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80265-K }}
*{{cite journal | author=Higashihara M, Takahata K, Yatomi Y, ''et al.'' |title=Purification and partial characterization of CD9 antigen of human platelets. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=264 |issue= 2 |pages= 270-4 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2358073 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Masellis-Smith A, Shaw AR | title = CD9-regulated adhesion. Anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody induce pre-B cell adhesion to bone marrow fibroblasts through de novo recognition of fibronectin | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 152 | issue = 6 | pages = 2768–77 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7511626 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Katz F, Povey S, Parkar M, ''et al.'' |title=Chromosome assignment of monoclonal antibody-defined determinants on human leukemic cells. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=13 |issue= 12 |pages= 1008-13 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6198179 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chalupny NJ, Kanner SB, Schieven GL, Wee SF, Gilliland LK, Aruffo A, Ledbetter JA | title = Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 12 | issue = 7 | pages = 2691–6 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7687539 | pmc = 413517 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Masellis-Smith A, Shaw AR |title=CD9-regulated adhesion. Anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody induce pre-B cell adhesion to bone marrow fibroblasts through de novo recognition of fibronectin. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=152 |issue= 6 |pages= 2768-77 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7511626 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ikeyama S, Koyama M, Yamaoko M, Sasada R, Miyake M | title = Suppression of cell motility and metastasis by transfection with human motility-related protein (MRP-1/CD9) DNA | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 177 | issue = 5 | pages = 1231–1237 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8478605 | pmc = 2191011 | doi = 10.1084/jem.177.5.1231 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chalupny NJ, Kanner SB, Schieven GL, ''et al.'' |title=Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=12 |issue= 7 |pages= 2691-6 |year= 1993 |pmid= 7687539 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rubinstein E, Benoit P, Billard M, Plaisance S, Prenant M, Uzan G, Boucheix C | title = Organization of the human CD9 gene | journal = Genomics | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 132–138 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8486348 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1993.1150 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ikeyama S, Koyama M, Yamaoko M, ''et al.'' |title=Suppression of cell motility and metastasis by transfection with human motility-related protein (MRP-1/CD9) DNA. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=177 |issue= 5 |pages= 1231-7 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8478605 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P | title = CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 222 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–18 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8630057 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rubinstein E, Benoit P, Billard M, ''et al.'' |title=Organization of the human CD9 gene. |journal=Genomics |volume=16 |issue= 1 |pages= 132-8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8486348 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1993.1150 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt C, Künemund V, Wintergerst ES, Schmitz B, Schachner M | title = CD9 of mouse brain is implicated in neurite outgrowth and cell migration in vitro and is associated with the alpha 6/beta 1 integrin and the neural adhesion molecule L1 | journal = J. Neurosci. Res. | volume = 43 | issue = 1 | pages = 12–31 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8838570 | doi = 10.1002/jnr.490430103 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P |title=CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=222 |issue= 1 |pages= 13-8 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8630057 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sincock PM, Mayrhofer G, Ashman LK | title = Localization of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) member PETA-3 (CD151) in normal human tissues: comparison with CD9, CD63, and alpha5beta1 integrin | journal = J. Histochem. Cytochem. | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–25 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9111230 | doi = 10.1177/002215549704500404 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schmidt C, Künemund V, Wintergerst ES, ''et al.'' |title=CD9 of mouse brain is implicated in neurite outgrowth and cell migration in vitro and is associated with the alpha 6/beta 1 integrin and the neural adhesion molecule L1. |journal=J. Neurosci. Res. |volume=43 |issue= 1 |pages= 12-31 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8838570 |doi= 10.1002/jnr.490430103 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rubinstein E, Poindessous-Jazat V, Le Naour F, Billard M, Boucheix C | title = CD9, but not other tetraspans, associates with the beta1 integrin precursor | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 27 | issue = 8 | pages = 1919–1927 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9295027 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830270815 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sincock PM, Mayrhofer G, Ashman LK |title=Localization of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) member PETA-3 (CD151) in normal human tissues: comparison with CD9, CD63, and alpha5beta1 integrin. |journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem. |volume=45 |issue= 4 |pages= 515-25 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9111230 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, Zutter MM, Hemler ME | title = NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 46 | pages = 29181–29189 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9360996 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.46.29181 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rubinstein E, Poindessous-Jazat V, Le Naour F, ''et al.'' |title=CD9, but not other tetraspans, associates with the beta1 integrin precursor. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=27 |issue= 8 |pages= 1919-27 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9295027 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, ''et al.'' |title=NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 46 |pages= 29181-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9360996 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{protein-stub}}
{{Membrane proteins}}
 
[[es:CD9]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 19:04, 3 December 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

CD9 antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD9 gene.[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility.

CD9 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. CD9 is found on the surface of exosomes[2][3] and it can modulate cell adhesion and migration and also trigger platelet activation and aggregation. In addition, the protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance.[4] This protein also seems to be a key part in the egg-sperm fusion during mammalian fertilization. While oocytes are ovulated, CD9-deficient oocytes are not properly fused with sperm upon fertilization.[5] CD9 is located in the microvillar membrane of the oocytes and also appears to intervene in maintaining the normal shape of oocyte microvilli.[6]

Interactions

CD9 has been shown to interact with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Katz F, Povey S, Parkar M, Schneider C, Sutherland R, Stanley K, Solomon E, Greaves M (March 1984). "Chromosome assignment of monoclonal antibody-defined determinants on human leukemic cells". Eur J Immunol. 13 (12): 1008–1013. doi:10.1002/eji.1830131211. PMID 6198179.
  2. ↑ Le Mercier I, Lines JL, Noelle RJ (May 2010). "Exosome secreted by MSC reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury". Stem Cell Research. 4 (3). doi:10.1016/j.scr.2009.12.003. PMID 20138817.
  3. ↑ Sumiyoshi N, Ishitobi H, Miyaki S, Miyado K, Adachi N, Ochi M (October 2016). "The role of tetraspanin CD9 in osteoarthritis using three different mouse models". Biomedical Research. 37 (5). doi:10.2220/biomedres.37.283. PMID 27784871.
  4. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CD9 CD9 molecule".
  5. ↑ Le Naour F, Rubinstein E, Jasmin C, Prenant M, Boucheix C (2000). "Severely Reduced Female Fertility in CD9-Deficient Mice". Science. 287 (5451): 319–321. doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.319. PMID 10634790.
  6. ↑ Runge KE, Evans JE, He ZY, Gupta S, McDonald KL, Stahlberg H, Primakoff P, Myles DG (2007). "Oocyte CD9 is enriched on the microvillar membrane and required for normal microvillar shape and distribution". Developmental Biology. 304 (1): 317–325. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.12.041. PMID 17239847.
  7. ↑ Anzai N, Lee Y, Youn BS, Fukuda S, Kim YJ, Mantel C, Akashi M, Broxmeyer HE (June 2002). "C-kit associated with the transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins constitutes a functionally distinct subunit in human hematopoietic progenitors". Blood. 99 (12): 4413–21. doi:10.1182/blood.v99.12.4413. PMID 12036870.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P (May 1996). "CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222 (1): 13–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690. PMID 8630057.
  9. ↑ Mazzocca A, Carloni V, Sciammetta S, Cordella C, Pantaleo P, Caldini A, Gentilini P, Pinzani M (September 2002). "Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins and their role in hepatic stellate cell motility and wound healing migration". J. Hepatol. 37 (3): 322–30. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00175-7. PMID 12175627.
  10. ↑ Lozahic S, Christiansen D, Manié S, Gerlier D, Billard M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (March 2000). "CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) associates with multiple beta1 integrins and tetraspans". Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (3): 900–7. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200003)30:3<900::AID-IMMU900>3.0.CO;2-X. PMID 10741407.
  11. ↑ Park KR, Inoue T, Ueda M, Hirano T, Higuchi T, Maeda M, Konishi I, Fujiwara H, Fujii S (March 2000). "CD9 is expressed on human endometrial epithelial cells in association with integrins alpha(6), alpha(3) and beta(1)". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6 (3): 252–7. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.3.252. PMID 10694273.
  12. ↑ Hirano T, Higuchi T, Ueda M, Inoue T, Kataoka N, Maeda M, Fujiwara H, Fujii S (February 1999). "CD9 is expressed in extravillous trophoblasts in association with integrin alpha3 and integrin alpha5". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 5 (2): 162–7. doi:10.1093/molehr/5.2.162. PMID 10065872.
  13. ↑ Horváth G, Serru V, Clay D, Billard M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (November 1998). "CD19 is linked to the integrin-associated tetraspans CD9, CD81, and CD82". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (46): 30537–43. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.46.30537. PMID 9804823.
  14. ↑ Charrin S, Le Naour F, Oualid M, Billard M, Faure G, Hanash SM, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (April 2001). "The major CD9 and CD81 molecular partner. Identification and characterization of the complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (17): 14329–37. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011297200. PMID 11278880.
  15. ↑ Stipp CS, Orlicky D, Hemler ME (February 2001). "FPRP, a major, highly stoichiometric, highly specific CD81- and CD9-associated protein". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 4853–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009859200. PMID 11087758.
  16. ↑ Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, Zutter MM, Hemler ME (November 1997). "NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (46): 29181–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.46.29181. PMID 9360996.

External links

Further reading

  • Horejsí V, Vlcek C (1991). "Novel structurally distinct family of leucocyte surface glycoproteins including CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63". FEBS Lett. 288 (1–2): 1–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80988-F. PMID 1879540.
  • Berditchevski F (2002). "Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye". J. Cell Sci. 114 (Pt 23): 4143–51. PMID 11739647.
  • Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
  • Miyake M, Koyama M, Seno M, Ikeyama S (1992). "Identification of the motility-related protein (MRP-1), recognized by monoclonal antibody M31-15, which inhibits cell motility". J. Exp. Med. 174 (6): 1347–1354. doi:10.1084/jem.174.6.1347. PMC 2119050. PMID 1720807.
  • Boucheix C, Benoit P, Frachet P, Billard M, Worthington RE, Gagnon J, Uzan G (1991). "Molecular cloning of the CD9 antigen. A new family of cell surface proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1): 117–22. PMID 1840589.
  • Iwamoto R, Senoh H, Okada Y, Uchida T, Mekada E (1991). "An antibody that inhibits the binding of diphtheria toxin to cells revealed the association of a 27-kDa membrane protein with the diphtheria toxin receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (30): 20463–9. PMID 1939101.
  • Benoit P, Gross MS, Frachet P, Frézal J, Uzan G, Boucheix C, Nguyen VC (1991). "Assignment of the human CD9 gene to chromosome 12 (region P13) by use of human specific DNA probes". Hum. Genet. 86 (3): 268–72. doi:10.1007/bf00202407. PMID 1997380.
  • Lanza F, Wolf D, Fox CF, Kieffer N, Seyer JM, Fried VA, Coughlin SR, Phillips DR, Jennings LK (1991). "cDNA cloning and expression of platelet p24/CD9. Evidence for a new family of multiple membrane-spanning proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (16): 10638–45. PMID 2037603.
  • Higashihara M, Takahata K, Yatomi Y, Nakahara K, Kurokawa K (1990). "Purification and partial characterization of CD9 antigen of human platelets". FEBS Lett. 264 (2): 270–274. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)80265-K. PMID 2358073.
  • Masellis-Smith A, Shaw AR (1994). "CD9-regulated adhesion. Anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody induce pre-B cell adhesion to bone marrow fibroblasts through de novo recognition of fibronectin". J. Immunol. 152 (6): 2768–77. PMID 7511626.
  • Chalupny NJ, Kanner SB, Schieven GL, Wee SF, Gilliland LK, Aruffo A, Ledbetter JA (1993). "Tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 in pre-B and mature B cells". EMBO J. 12 (7): 2691–6. PMC 413517. PMID 7687539.
  • Ikeyama S, Koyama M, Yamaoko M, Sasada R, Miyake M (1993). "Suppression of cell motility and metastasis by transfection with human motility-related protein (MRP-1/CD9) DNA". J. Exp. Med. 177 (5): 1231–1237. doi:10.1084/jem.177.5.1231. PMC 2191011. PMID 8478605.
  • Rubinstein E, Benoit P, Billard M, Plaisance S, Prenant M, Uzan G, Boucheix C (1993). "Organization of the human CD9 gene". Genomics. 16 (1): 132–138. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1150. PMID 8486348.
  • Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P (1996). "CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690. PMID 8630057.
  • Schmidt C, Künemund V, Wintergerst ES, Schmitz B, Schachner M (1996). "CD9 of mouse brain is implicated in neurite outgrowth and cell migration in vitro and is associated with the alpha 6/beta 1 integrin and the neural adhesion molecule L1". J. Neurosci. Res. 43 (1): 12–31. doi:10.1002/jnr.490430103. PMID 8838570.
  • Sincock PM, Mayrhofer G, Ashman LK (1997). "Localization of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) member PETA-3 (CD151) in normal human tissues: comparison with CD9, CD63, and alpha5beta1 integrin". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 (4): 515–25. doi:10.1177/002215549704500404. PMID 9111230.
  • Rubinstein E, Poindessous-Jazat V, Le Naour F, Billard M, Boucheix C (1997). "CD9, but not other tetraspans, associates with the beta1 integrin precursor". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (8): 1919–1927. doi:10.1002/eji.1830270815. PMID 9295027.
  • Tachibana I, Bodorova J, Berditchevski F, Zutter MM, Hemler ME (1997). "NAG-2, a novel transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) protein that complexes with integrins and other TM4SF proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (46): 29181–29189. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.46.29181. PMID 9360996.
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