CD74

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster of Differentiation 74), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene.[1][2] The invariant chain (Abbreviated Ii) is a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II protein.[3] The cell surface form of the invariant chain is known as CD74.

Function

The nascent MHC class II protein in the rough ER binds a segment of the invariant chain (Ii; a trimer) in order to shape the peptide binding groove and prevent formation of a closed conformation.

The invariant chain also facilitates MHC class II's export from the ER in a vesicle. The signal for endosomal targeting resides in the cytoplasmic tail of the invariant chain. This fuses with a late endosome containing the endocytosed antigen proteins (from the exogenous pathway). Binding to Ii ensures that no antigen peptides from the endogenous pathway meant for MHC class I molecules accidentally bind to the groove of MHC class II molecules.[4] The Ii is then cleaved by cathepsin S (cathepsin L in cortical thymic epithelial cells), leaving only a small fragment called CLIP remaining bound to the groove of MHC class II molecules. The rest of the Ii is degraded.[4] CLIP blocks peptide binding until HLA-DM interacts with MHC II, releasing CLIP and allowing other peptides to bind. In some cases, CLIP dissociates without any further molecular interactions, but in other cases the binding to the MHC is more stable.[5]

The stable MHC class-II with antigen complex is then presented on the cell surface. Without CLIP, MHC class II aggregates, disassemble, and/or denature in the endosomes, and proper antigen presentation is impaired[6]

Clinical significance

Cancer

Found on a number of cancer cell types. Possible cancer therapy target. See Milatuzumab#CD74

Axial Spondyloarthritis

Autoantibodies against CD74 have been identified as a promising biomarkers in the early diagnosis of the autoimmune disease called axial spondyloarthritis (non-radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis and radiographic axial Spondyloarthritis / Ankylosing spondylitis). [7]

Interactions

CD74 receptor interacts with the cytokine Macrophage migration inhibitory factor to mediate its proinflammatory functions[8].[9][10][11][12][13]

See also

References

  1. Claesson L, Larhammar D, Rask L, Peterson PA (December 1983). "cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein structure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (24): 7395–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.24.7395. PMC 389957. PMID 6324166.
  2. Kudo J, Chao LY, Narni F, Saunders GF (December 1985). "Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class II histocompatibility antigens". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (24): 8827–41. doi:10.1093/nar/13.24.8827. PMC 318954. PMID 3001652.
  3. Cresswell P (1994). "Assembly, transport, and function of MHC class II molecules". Annual Review of Immunology. 12: 259–93. doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.001355. PMID 8011283.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Owen JA, Punt J, Stranford SA, Jones PP, Kuby J (2013). Kuby immunology (7th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4641-1991-0. OCLC 820117219.
  5. Schulze MS, Wucherpfennig KW (February 2012). "The mechanism of HLA-DM induced peptide exchange in the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway". Current Opinion in Immunology. 24 (1): 105–11. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.11.004. PMC 3288754. PMID 22138314.
  6. Vogt AB, Kropshofer H (April 1999). "HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (4): 150–4. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01364-x. PMID 10322421.
  7. Baerlecken NT, Nothdorft S, Stummvoll GH, Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Reuter S, Matthias T, Schmidt RE, Witte T (June 2014). "Autoantibodies against CD74 in spondyloarthritis". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 73 (6): 1211–4. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202208. PMID 23687263.
  8. Moonah, Shannon N.; Abhyankar, Mayuresh M.; Haque, Rashidul; Petri, William A.; Appleton, J. A. (September 2014). "The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Homolog of Entamoeba histolytica Binds to and Immunomodulates Host Macrophages". Infection and Immunity. 82 (9): 3523–3530. doi:10.1128/IAI.01812-14. PMC 4187827.
  9. Shan ZX, Lin QX, Deng CY, Tan HH, Kuang SJ, Xiao DZ, Zhu JN, Fu YH, Yu XY (December 2009). "[Identification of the interactions between the truncated fragments of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and CD74 using a yeast two-hybrid system]". Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University (in Chinese). 29 (12): 2383–6, 2390. PMID 20034881.
  10. Wang F, Shen X, Guo X, Peng Y, Liu Y, Xu S, Yang J (February 2010). "Spinal macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats". Pain. 148 (2): 275–83. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.011. PMID 20005040.
  11. Dobson SE, Augustijn KD, Brannigan JA, Schnick C, Janse CJ, Dodson EJ, Waters AP, Wilkinson AJ (December 2009). "The crystal structures of macrophage migration inhibitory factor from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei". Protein Science. 18 (12): 2578–91. doi:10.1002/pro.263. PMC 2798171. PMID 19827093.
  12. Piette C, Deprez M, Roger T, Noël A, Foidart JM, Munaut C (November 2009). "The dexamethasone-induced inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion in glioma cell lines is antagonized by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and can be enhanced by specific MIF inhibitors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (47): 32483–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.014589. PMC 2781663. PMID 19759012.
  13. Verjans E, Noetzel E, Bektas N, Schütz AK, Lue H, Lennartz B, Hartmann A, Dahl E, Bernhagen J (July 2009). "Dual role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human breast cancer". BMC Cancer. 9: 230. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-230. PMC 2716369. PMID 19602265.

Further reading

External links