Dizziness

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Dizziness
ICD-10 R42
ICD-9 780.4
DiseasesDB 17771
MeSH C10.597.751.237

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]

Overview

Many different terms are often used to describe what is collectively known as dizziness. Common descriptions include words such as lightheaded, floating, whoozy, giddy, confused, helpless or fuzzy. Vertigo, Disequilibrium and Pre-syncope are the terms in use by most doctors. Dizziness is sometimes a symptom of a balance disorder.

Vertigo

The word "vertigo" comes from the Latin "vertere", to turn + the suffix "-igo", a condition = a condition of turning about.

Vertigo is a specific medical term used to describe the sensation of spinning or having the room spin about you. Most people find vertigo very disturbing and often report associated nausea and vomiting.

Otologic causes of vertigo

Typically if the vertigo arises from the inner ear, it is severe and has associated nausea and vomiting. One common cause of otologic vertigo is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV. Alternate causes of vertigo originating from the inner ear include Meniere's disease and labyrinthitis.

Central nervous system causes of vertigo:

If vertigo arises from the balance centers of the brain, it is typically more mild, and usually has accompanying neurologic deficits, such as slurred speech, double vision or nystagmus. Alternately, brain pathology can cause a sensation of disequilibrium which is an off-balance sensation.

Disequilibrium

Disequilibrium is the sensation of being off balance, and is most often characterized by frequent falls in a specific direction. This condition is not often associated with nausea or vomiting.

Pre-syncope

Pre-syncope is most often described as lightheaded or feeling faint. Syncope, by contrast, is actually fainting. Pre-syncope, or lightheadedness, does not result from primary central nervous system pathology. Nor does it originate in the inner ear. It is most often cardiovascular in etiology. In many patients, lightheadedness is a symptom of orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension occurs when the blood pressure drops significantly when the patient stands from a supine or seated position. If loss of consciousness occurs in this situation, it is termed syncope.

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the causes of Dizziness

(In alphabetical order)


Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Dizziness

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular

Aortic Stenosis, Aortic valve stenosis, Atrial flutter, Atrial myxoma, Cardiac amyloidosis, Cardiomegaly, Cerebrovascular disease, Familial atrial fibrillation, Hypertension, Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, Peripheral Arterial Disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Second Degree AV Block, Sick sinus syndrome, Sinus bradycardia, Supraventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome,

Chemical / poisoning

Alcohol flush reaction, Amnesic shellfish poisoning, Amyl nitrite, Antimony, Bromomethane, Bothrops, Cadmium poisoning, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Cyanogen, Ephedra, Ethylene, Furfural, Ginkgo, Green Tobacco Sickness, Heavy metal ingestion, Hydrazine, Lead, Marine toxins, Mushroom poisoning, Norplant, Nutmeg, Opioid, Scombroid food poisoning, Rubbing alcohol, Solanine, Trichloroethylene,

Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect

1,1,1-Trichloroethane, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, 5-HT3 antagonist, Abatacept Injection (patient information), Abciximab (patient information), Acamprosate (patient information), Acebutolol (patient information), Aceclofenac, Acetaminophen and Codeine (patient information), Acetohexamide (patient information), Acetylsalicylic acid (patient information), Acitretin (patient information), Aciclovir, Actiq, Acyclovir (patient information), Adalimumab Injection (patient information), Ajulemic acid, Alatrofloxacin Injection (patient information), Albuterol (patient information), Aldesleukin (patient information), Alendronate (patient information), Alfuzosin (patient information), Aliskiren (patient information), Alprazolam (patient information), Altretamine (patient information), Amantadine (patient information), Amifostine Injection (patient information), Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide (patient information), Amiodarone, Amitriptyline (patient information), Amlodipine (patient information), Amobarbital (patient information), Amphotericin B Injection (patient information), Ampicillin Sodium Injection (patient information), Anagrelide (patient information), Anastrozole (patient information), Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (patient information), Antihemophilic Factor (Human) (patient information), Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) (patient information), Aprepitant (patient information), Aripiprazole (patient information), Asparaginase (patient information), Atazanavir (patient information), Atenolol (patient information), Atorvastatin (patient information), Atovaquone (patient information), Azelastine, Azithromycin, Baclofen Oral (patient information), Benazepril (patient information), Benzodiazepine, Benzonatate (patient information), Benztropine Mesylate Oral (patient information), Bepridil (patient information), Bethanechol (patient information), Bevacizumab Injection (patient information), Bezafibrate (patient information), Bicalutamide 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Docetaxel (patient information), Dofetilide (patient information), Dolasetron (patient information), Donepezil (patient information), Dothiepin, Doxepin, Doxazosin (patient information), Duloxetine, Efavirenz (patient information), Emtricitabine (patient information), Enalapril (patient information), Enfuvirtide Injection (patient information), Enoxacin (patient information), Entacapone (patient information), Entecavir (patient information), Eplerenone (patient information), Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information), Ergotamine and Caffeine (patient information), Ephedrine, Escitalopram, Estrogen, Ethcathinone, Ethchlorvynol, Ethoheptazine, Ethosuximide, Ethotoin, Estazolam (patient information), Eszopiclone (patient information), Etanercept Injection (patient information), Etodolac (patient information), Etoposide Oral and Injection (patient information), Exemestane (patient information), Exenatide Injection (patient information), Ezetimibe (patient information), Famotidine 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information), Glutaraldehyde, Glyburide (patient information), Glycopyrrolate (patient information), Granisetron (patient information), Grifulvin V, Griseofulvin (patient information), Guanabenz (patient information), Guanethidine (patient information), Guanfacine (patient information), Gyromitrin, H2 antagonist, Hydrochlorothiazide (patient information), Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Hydrocortisone Injection (patient information), Hydroxychloroquine (patient information), Hydroxyzine (patient information), Hyoscyamine (patient information), Ibandronate (patient information), Idarubicin (patient information), Ifosfamide (patient information), Imatinib (patient information), Imiglucerase Injection (patient information), Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium Injection (patient information), Iloperidone, Imipramine, Immune Globulin Intravenous Injection (patient information), Indapamide (patient information), Indinavir (patient information), Indomethacin (patient information), Infliximab Injection (patient information), Influenza Vaccine, Inactivated (patient information), Influenza Vaccine, Live Intranasal (patient information), Indometacin, Insulin lispro injection (patient information), Interferon Alfa-2a and Alfa-2b Injection (patient information), Interferon Alfacon-1 Injection (patient information), Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular Injection (patient information), Ipratropium Oral Inhalation (patient information), Irbesartan (patient information), Isocarboxazid (patient information), Isoproterenol Oral Inhalation (patient information), Isosorbide (patient information), Isoxsuprine Oral (patient information), Isradipine (patient information), Itraconazole (patient information), Iodomethane, Isopropyl alcohol, Ivabradine, Kaopectate, Ketorolac, Labetalol Oral (patient information), Lacosamide, Lamivudine (patient information), Lamotrigine (patient information), Lanthanum (patient information), Leflunomide (patient information), Letrozole (patient information), Leuprolide (patient information), Levalbuterol Oral Inhalation (patient information), Levetiracetam (patient information), Levodopa and Carbidopa (patient information), Levofloxacin Oral (patient information), Levomethadyl (patient information), Levorphanol Oral (patient information), Lindane (patient information), Levobupivacaine, Lidocaine, Lithium, Lomotil, Lisinopril (patient information), Lomustine (patient information), Loratadine (patient information), Lorazepam (patient information), Losartan (patient information), Loxapine Oral (patient information), Lysuride, Magnesium gluconate (patient information), Magnesium oxide (patient information), Mechlorethamine (patient information), Medroxyprogesterone (patient information), Mefenamic Acid (patient information), Mefloquine (patient information), Megestrol (patient information), Melphalan (patient information), Memantine, Meperidine (patient information), Meropenem Injection (patient information), Mesoridazine Oral (patient information), Mercaptopurine, Metethoheptazine, Metaproterenol (patient information), Metaxalone (patient information), Metformin (patient information), Methimazole (patient information), Methocarbamol Oral (patient information), Methotrexate (patient information), Methyclothiazide (patient information), Methylprednisolone Oral (patient information), Metipranolol Ophthalmic (patient information), Metheptazine, Methoxsalen, Methylergonovine, Methylphenidate, Methyprylon, Metronidazole, Metoclopramide, Metolazone (patient information), Metoprolol (patient information), Mexiletine, Miglitol (patient information), Mifepristone, Minocycline Injection, Minoxidil Oral (patient information), Mitomycin (patient information), Modafinil (patient information), Moexipril (patient information), Moricizine (patient information), Morphine Oral (patient information), Motofen, Moxonidine, Mycophenolate (patient information), Nabilone (patient information), Nabumetone (patient information), Nadolol (patient 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Oxaliplatin injection (patient information), Oxazepam (patient information), Oxcarbazepine (patient information), Oxybutynin (patient information), Paclitaxel (patient information), Paroxetine, Pentamidine, Perhexiline, Paliperidone (patient information), Pamidronate injection (patient information), Pegaspargase (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2a (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2b (patient information), Pemetrexed injection (patient information), Pemoline (patient information), Penbutolol (patient information), Pentazocine and naloxone (patient information), Pentosan polysulfate (patient information), Pentostatin (patient information), Pentoxifylline (patient information), Pergolide (patient information), Perindopril (patient information), Perphenazine oral (patient information), Phenazopyridine (patient information), Phenampromide, Phenazepam, Phenelzine, Phenobarbital, Phentermine, Phenytoin, Pholcodine, Piribedil, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Phenoxybenzamine (patient information), Phenylephrine (patient information), Pilocarpine ophthalmic (patient information), Pimozide (patient information), Pindolol (patient information), Pioglitazone (patient information), Pirbuterol acetate oral inhalation (patient information), Plicamycin (patient information), Posaconazole (patient information), Pramipexole (patient information), Pramlintide injection (patient information), Prazepam (patient information), Prazosin (patient information), Pregabalin (patient information), Praziquantel, Pregabalin, Primaquine (patient information), Probenecid (patient information), Procainamide (patient information), Procarbazine (patient information), Proheptazine, Promethazine, Propafenone, Propiram, Pseudoephedrine, Propantheline (patient information), Propoxyphene (patient information), Propranolol Oral (patient information), Propylthiouracil (patient information), Protriptyline (patient information), Quinidine Oral (patient information), Quazepam, Quetiapine, Quinapril, Quinethazone, Quinoline, Ramipril, Rabeprazole (patient information), Ramelteon (patient information), Ranibizumab injection (patient information), Ranitidine hydrochloride injection (patient information), Ranolazine (patient information), Rasagiline (patient information), Repaglinide (patient information), Reboxetine, Remacemide, Remifentanil, Reserpine, Ribavirin (patient information), Riluzole (patient information), Risedronate (patient information), Risperidone (patient information), Ritonavir (patient information), Rituximab injection (patient information), Rivastigmine (patient information), Rizatriptan (patient information), Roflumilast, Ropivacaine, Roxithromycin, Ropinirole (patient information), Rosiglitazone (patient information), Rosuvastatin (patient information), Salmeterol oral inhalation (patient information), Salsalate (patient information), Saquinavir (patient information), Sargramostim injection (patient information), Scopolamine patch (patient information), Selegiline (patient information), Sibutramine (patient information), Sitaxsentan, Sildenafil (patient information), Sodium oxybate (patient information), Sodium stibogluconate, Solifenacin (patient information), Sotalol (patient information), Sparfloxacin (patient information), Spironolactone (patient information), Stimulant laxatives (patient information), Sulfadiazine (patient information), Sulfisoxazole (patient information), Sulindac (patient information), Sulprostone, Sumatriptan, Tamoxifen (patient information), Tamsulosin (patient information), Tegaserod (patient information), Telbivudine (patient information), Telithromycin (patient information), Telmisartan (patient information), Temozolomide (patient information), Teniposide (patient information), Terbutaline (patient information), Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Injection (patient information), Testosterone Transdermal (patient information), Thioridazine (patient information), Thiotepa (patient information), Thiothixene Oral 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information), Trimetrexate Glucuronate (patient information), Trimipramine (patient information), Trovafloxacin (patient information), Valaciclovir, Valproic acid, Valsartan, Vancomycin, Venlafaxine, Verapamil, Valganciclovir (patient information), Vardenafil (patient information), Vicodin, Vigabatrin, Vinyl chloride, Voriconazole (patient information), Vorinostat (patient information), Zaleplon (patient information), Zanamivir Inhalation (patient information), Zidovudine Oral (patient information), Zileuton (patient information), Ziprasidone (patient information), Ziconotide, Zopiclone, Zoledronic Acid Injection (patient information), Zolmitriptan Oral (patient information), Zolpidem (patient information), Zonisamide (patient information),

Ear Nose Throat

Balance disorder, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, Otitis externa, Superior canal dehiscence, Vertigo, Vestibular neuronitis,

Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental

Multiple chemical sensitivity, Sick building syndrome,


Gastroenterologic

Food intolerance, Gastric dumping syndrome, Proctitis, Staphylococcal enteritis,

Genetic

Chediak-Higashi disease,

Hematologic

Haemochromatosis, Leukemia, Methemoglobinemia, Polycythemia,

Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease

Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Giardia lamblia, Group A streptococcal infection, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Infectious mononucleosis, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever, Tularemia, Yellow Fever,

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Cervical spondylosis,

Neurologic

Arnold-Chiari malformation, Multi-infarct dementia, Multiple sclerosis, Multiple system atrophy, Neuroglycopenia, Parkinson's disease, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, Pure autonomic failure, Subdural hematoma, Syringobulbia, Transient ischaemic attack,

Nutritional / Metabolic

Hypervitaminosis A, Hypoglycemia, Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency,

Obstetric/Gynecologic

Aortocaval compression syndrome, Pregnancy,

Oncologic

Adrenal metastases Colorectal cancer, Medulloblastoma,

Opthalmologic

Aneisokonia, Bifocals, Cogan syndrome, Oscillopsia, Tunnel vision,

Overdose / Toxicity

Acetylsalicylic acid Alfuzosin , Aliskiren , Atropine, Acetylene, Aniline, Benztropine Mesylate, Benzylpiperazine, Bortezomib , Buspirone , Darbepoetin Alfa , Didanosine , Doxazosin , Eugenol, Fenoprofen , Fluticasone Inhalation, Ganciclovir , Grayanotoxin, Hydrogen sulfide, Metolachlor, Midazolam, Nicotine lozenges , Oxygen toxicity, Pimozide ,


Psychiatric

Algophobia, Panic disorder, Stendhal syndrome,

Pulmonary

Hyperventilation syndrome, Respiratory alkalosis,

Renal / Electrolyte

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Takayasu arteritis, Systemic lupus erythematosus,

Sexual

Coital cephalalgia, Emergency contraception,

Trauma

Concussion, Post-concussion syndrome, Suspension trauma,

Urologic

Testicular torsion,

Miscellaneous

Altitude sickness, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic mountain sickness, Cinchonism, Decompression sickness, Dehydration, Gulf War syndrome, Hypotension, Mal de debarquement syndrome, Motion sickness, Orthostatic hypotension, Shock, Sleep deprivation, Syncope,

External Links

See also

Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs

Template:SIB da:Svimmelhed de:Vertigo he:סחרחורת nl:Duizeligheid


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