VCAM-1
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| Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
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| Image:PBB Protein VCAM1 image.jpg | ||||||||||||||
| PDB rendering based on 1ij9. | ||||||||||||||
| Available structures: 1ij9, 1vca, 1vsc | ||||||||||||||
| Identifiers | ||||||||||||||
| Symbol(s) | VCAM1; CD106; DKFZp779G2333; INCAM-100; MGC99561 | |||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 192225 MGI: 98926 Homologene: 838 | |||||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | ||||||||||||||
| Orthologs | ||||||||||||||
| Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||
| Entrez | 7412 | 22329 | ||||||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000162692 | ENSMUSG00000027962 | ||||||||||||
| Uniprot | P19320 | Q3TR98 | ||||||||||||
| Refseq | NM_001078 (mRNA) NP_001069 (protein) | NM_011693 (mRNA) NP_035823 (protein) | ||||||||||||
| Location | Chr 1: 100.96 - 100.98 Mb | Chr 3: 116.1 - 116.12 Mb | ||||||||||||
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] | ||||||||||||
Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, also known as VCAM1, is a human gene.
This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[1]
VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), also known as CD106, is a molecule with a considerable role in the human immune system.
Structure
VCAM-1 contains six or seven immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines.
Function
VCAM-1 promotes the adhesion of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Interestingly, certain melanoma cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium, and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential drug target.
Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased gene transcription (e.g., in response to Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1, aka IL-1) and through stabilization of Messenger RNA (mNRA) (e.g., Interleukin-4, aka IL-4). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem NF-kB (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites.
The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours. Primarily, VCAM-1 is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-1 or α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of integrins, and for integrin α4β7. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., smooth muscle cells).
References
Further reading
- Yonekawa K, Harlan JM (2005). "Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 77 (2): 129-40. doi:10.1189/jlb.0804460. PMID 15548573.
- Wu TC (2007). "The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion.". Cancer Res. 67 (13): 6003-6. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543. PMID 17616653.
External links
Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation) | |
|---|---|
| 1-50 | CD1 (CD1a-c, CD1d) - CD2 - CD3 - CD4 - CD5 - CD8 - CD9 - CD10 - CD11 (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) - CD13 - CD14 - CD15 - CD16 - CD18 - CD19 - CD20 - CD21 - CD22 - CD23 - CD24 - CD25 - CD26 - CD27 - CD28 - CD29 - CD30 - CD31 - CD32 - CD33 - CD34 - CD35 - CD36 - CD37 -CD38 - CD40 - CD43 - CD44 - CD45 - CD46 - CD49 (CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d) |
| 51-100 | CD52 - CD53 - CD54 - CD55 - CD56 - CD58 - CD59 - CD61 - CD62 (CD62E, CD62L, CD62P) - CD63 - CD64 - CD66e - CD68 - CD70 - CD71 - CD72 - CD79 - CD80 - CD81 - CD82 - CD83 - CD86 - CD88 - CD89 - CD90 - CD94 - CD95 - CD97 - CD98 |
| 101-350 | CD103 - CD106 - CD114 - CD116 - CD117 - CD118 - CD120 - CD122 - CD130 - CD131 - CD132 - CD133 - CD134 - CD135 - CD137 - CD138 - CD141 - CD142 - CD143 - CD146 - CD147 - CD151 - CD152 - CD153 - CD154 - CD155 - CD162 - CD164 - CD169 - CD184 - CD206 - CD209 - CD257 - CD278 - CD281 - CD282 - CD283 - CD304 |
Membrane proteins: cell adhesion molecules | |
|---|---|
| IgSF | N-CAM (Myelin protein zero) - ICAM (1, 4) - VCAM-1 - PE-CAM - L1-CAM |
| Cadherins | Desmoglein - T-cadherin |
| Selectins | E-selectin - L-selectin - P-selectin |
| Integrins | LFA-1 - Integrin alphaXbeta2 - Macrophage-1 antigen - VLA-4 - Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (Note: integrins not always classified as CAMs) |
| Other | Carcinoembryonic antigen - CD22 - CD24 - CD44 - CD146 - CD164 |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
