Interleukin 4

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Interleukin 4
Crystal structure of human IL-4 (2INT)
Available structures: 1bbn, 1bcn, 1cyl, 1hij, 1hik, 1hzi, 1iar, 1iti, 1itl, 1itm, 1rcb, 2b8u, 2b8x, 2b8y, 2b8z, 2b90, 2b91, 2cyk, 2d48, 2int
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	IL4; BSF1; IL-4; MGC79402
External IDs	OMIM: 147780 MGI: 96556 Homologene: 491
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • interleukin-4 receptor binding • protein binding Cellular Component: • extracellular region • extracellular space Biological Process: • chemotaxis • cellular defense response • cholesterol metabolic process • B cell differentiation • positive regulation of B cell proliferation • T-helper 2 type immune response • positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation • regulation of phosphorylation • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein • negative regulation of apoptosis • connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process • regulation of isotype switching • positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process • negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes • regulation of immune response
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3565	16189
Ensembl	ENSG00000113520	ENSMUSG00000000869
Uniprot	P05112	Q5SV00
Refseq	NM_000589 (mRNA) NP_000580 (protein)	NM_021283 (mRNA) NP_067258 (protein)
Location	Chr 5: 132.04 - 132.05 Mb	Chr 11: 53.46 - 53.46 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified.

Functions

It has many biological roles, including the stimulation of activated B-cell and T-cell proliferation, and the differentiation of CD4+ T-cells into Th2 cells.

It is a key regulator in humoral and adaptive immunity.

IL-4 induces B-cell class switching to IgE, and up-regulates MHC class II production.

History

This cytokine was co-discovered by Maureen Howard and William Paul^[1] and by Dr. Ellen Vitetta and her research group in 1982.

The nucleotide sequence for human IL-4 was isolated four years later confirming its similarity to a mouse protein called B-cell stimulatory factor-1 (BCSF-1).^[2]

See also

• STAT6

References

1. ↑ Howard M, Paul WE (1982). "Interleukins for B lymphocytes". Lymphokine Res. 1 (1): 1-4. PMID 6985399.
2. ↑ Yokota T et al. (1986). "Isolation and characterization of a human interleukin cDNA clone, homologous to mouse B-cell stimulatory factor 1, that expresses B-cell- and T-cell-stimulating activities". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (16): 5894-8. PMID 3016727.

Further reading

External links

• Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 from Cornell University
• Interleukin-4 from Allergy Glossary at Health On the Net Foundation
• MeSH Interleukin-4

v • d • e Cytokines: interleukins
IL-1 superfamily	IL-1 (IL-1Ra) - IL-18 - IL-33
IL-6 like/gp130 utilizing	IL-6 - IL-11 - IL-27 - IL-30 - IL-31
IL-10 family	IL-10 - IL-19 - IL-20 - IL-22 - IL-24 - IL-26
Interferon type III	IL-28 - IL-29
Common γ-chain family	IL-2/IL-15 - IL-3 - IL-4 - IL-7 - IL-9 - IL-13 - IL-21
IL-12 family	IL-12 - IL-23 - IL-27 - IL-35
Other	IL-5 - IL-8 - IL-14 - IL-16 - IL-17/IL-25 (A) - IL-32

ca:Interleucina-4sr:Интерлеукин 4