Insulin-like growth factor 2

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Insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)
PDB rendering based on 1igl.
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	IGF2; C11orf43; FLJ22066; FLJ44734; INSIGF; pp9974
External IDs	OMIM: 147470 MGI: 96434 Homologene: 510
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding • hormone activity • insulin-like growth factor binding • growth factor activity • prothoracicotrophic hormone activity Cellular Component: • cellular_component • extracellular region Biological Process: • regulation of progression through cell cycle • skeletal development • imprinting • multicellular organismal development • biological_process • cell proliferation • insulin receptor signaling pathway
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3481	16002
Ensembl	ENSG00000167244	ENSMUSG00000048583
Uniprot	P01344	P09535
Refseq	NM_000612 (mRNA) NP_000603 (protein)	NM_010514 (mRNA) NP_034644 (protein)
Location	Chr 11: 2.11 - 2.13 Mb	Chr 7: 142.46 - 142.47 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

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Evidence Based Medicine
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Clinical Trials
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Guidelines / Policies / Govt
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Commentary
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Definitions
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Healthcare Provider Resources
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Experimental / Informatics
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Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin.

Gene structure

In humans, the IGF2 gene is located on chromosome 11p15.5, a region which contains numerous imprinted genes. In mice this homologous region is found at distal chromosome 7. In both organisms, Igf2 is imprinted, with expression resulting favourably from the paternally inherited allele.

The protein CTCF is involved in repressing expression of the gene, by binding to the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) along with Differentially-methylated Region-1 (DMR1) and Matrix Attachment Region -3 (MAR3). These three DNA sequences bind to CTCF in a way that limits downstream enhancer access to the Igf2 region. The mechanism in which CTCF binds to these regions is currently unknown, but could include either a direct DNA-CTCF interaction or it could possibly be mediated by other proteins

Protein structure

IGF-2 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor. IGF2 may also bind to the IGF-2 receptor (also called the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor), which acts as a signalling antagonist; that is, to prevent IGF2 responses.

Function

The major role of IGF2 is as a growth promoting hormone during gestation.

Diseases

It is sometimes produced in non-islet cell tumours, causing hypoglycemia (Doege-Potter syndrome).

See also

• Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor

External links

• MeSH Insulin-Like+Growth+Factor+II

References

Further reading

v • d • e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands (Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones)
Hypothalamic-pituitary	Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin)
Adrenal axis	Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA
Thyroid axis	Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH
Gonadal axis	Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy)
Other end. glands	Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin
Non-end. glands	Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Thymulin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2)
Target-derived	NGF, BDNF, NT-3

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Insulin-like growth factor 2
Articles on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Most recent articles on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Most cited articles on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Review articles on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Articles on Insulin-like growth factor 2 in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Powerpoint slides on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Images of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Photos of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Podcasts & MP3s on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Videos on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Insulin-like growth factor 2	Cochrane Collaboration on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Bandolier on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • TRIP on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Cost Effectiveness of Insulin-like growth factor 2	Cost Effectiveness of Insulin-like growth factor 2
Clinical Trials Involving Insulin-like growth factor 2	Ongoing Trials on Insulin-like growth factor 2 at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Clinical Trials on Insulin-like growth factor 2 at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Insulin-like growth factor 2	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • NICE Guidance on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • CDC on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Textbook Information on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Books and Textbook Information on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Pharmacology Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Dosing of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Drug interactions with Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Side effects of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Allergic reactions to Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Overdose information on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Carcinogenicity information on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Insulin-like growth factor 2 in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Insulin-like growth factor 2 •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Insulin-like growth factor 2	Genetics of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Pharmacogenomics of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Proteomics of Insulin-like growth factor 2
Newstories on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Insulin-like growth factor 2 in the news • Be alerted to news on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • News trends on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Commentary on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Blogs on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Patient Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Patient resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Discussion groups on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Patient Handouts on Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Directions to Hospitals Treating Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Risk calculators and risk factors for Insulin-like growth factor 2
Healthcare Provider Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Symptoms of Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Causes & Risk Factors for Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Diagnostic studies for Insulin-like growth factor 2 • Treatment of Insulin-like growth factor 2
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Insulin-like growth factor 2	CME Programs on Insulin-like growth factor 2
International Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Insulin-like growth factor 2 en Espanol • Insulin-like growth factor 2 en Francais
Business Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	Insulin-like growth factor 2 in the Marketplace • Patents on Insulin-like growth factor 2
Informatics Resources on Insulin-like growth factor 2	List of terms related to Insulin-like growth factor 2

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

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