Secondary hypertension
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| Secondary hypertension Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | I15. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 405 |
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While most forms of hypertension are not known a underlying cause (and are thus known as "essential hypertension" or "primary hypertension"), in about 10% of the cases, there is a known cause, and thus the hypertension is secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension).
Types
Renovascular hypertension (I15.0)
- See main article at Renovascular hypertension.
Hypertension secondary to other renal disorders (I15.1)
- Chronic renal failure
- Kidney disease / renal artery stenosis: the normal physiological response to low blood pressure in the renal arteries is to increase cardiac output (CO) to maintain the pressure needed for glomerular filtration. Here, however, increased CO cannot solve the structural problems causing renal artery hypotension, with the result that CO remains chronically elevated.
Hypertension secondary to endocrine disorders (I15.2)
- Pheochromocytoma
- Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
- Cushing's disease
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Acromegaly
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
Other secondary hypertension (I15.8)
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Liquorice (when consumed in excessive amounts)
- Scleroderma
- Neurofibromatosis
- Pregnancy: unclear etiology.
- Cancers: tumours in the kidney can operate in the same way as kidney disease. More commonly, however, tumors cause inessential hypertension by ectopic secretion of hormones involved in normal physiological control of blood pressure.
- Drugs: In particular, alcohol, nasal decongestants with adrenergic effects, NSAIDs, MAOIs, adrenoceptor stimulants, and combined methods of hormonal contraception (those containing ethinyl-estradiol) can cause hypertension while in use.
- Malformed aorta, slow pulse: these cause reduced blood flow to the renal arteries, with physiological responses as already outlined.
- Aortic valve disease: unclear etiology.
- Coarcation of the aorta
- Anemia: unclear etiology.
- Fever: unclear etiology.
External links
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
