Pancreatitis

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Pancreatitis Microchapters
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Acute pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Acute pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis

Hereditary pancreatitis

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pancreatitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

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Esophagus	Esophagitis (Candidal) · rupture (Boerhaave syndrome, Mallory-Weiss syndrome) · UES (Zenker's diverticulum) · LES (Barrett's esophagus) · Esophageal motility disorder (Nutcracker esophagus, Achalasia, Diffuse esophageal spasm, GERD) · Esophageal stricture · Megaesophagus
Stomach	Gastritis (Atrophic, Ménétrier's disease, Gastroenteritis) · Peptic (gastric) ulcer (Cushing ulcer, Dieulafoy's lesion) · Dyspepsia · Pyloric stenosis · Achlorhydria · Gastroparesis · Gastroptosis · Portal hypertensive gastropathy · Gastric antral vascular ectasia · Gastric dumping syndrome · Gastric volvulus

Small intestine/ (duodenum/jejunum/ileum)	Enteritis (Duodenitis, Jejunitis, Ileitis) — Peptic (duodenal) ulcer (Curling's ulcer) — Malabsorption: Coeliac · Tropical sprue · Blind loop syndrome · Whipple's · Short bowel syndrome · Steatorrhea · Milroy disease
Large intestine (appendix/colon)	Appendicitis · Colitis (Pseudomembranous, Ulcerative, Ischemic, Microscopic, Collagenous, Lymphocytic)Functional colonic disease (IBS, Intestinal pseudoobstruction/Ogilvie syndrome) — Megacolon/Toxic megacolon · Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis
Large and/or small	Enterocolitis (Necrotizing) · IBD (Crohn's disease) — vascular: Abdominal angina · Mesenteric ischemia · Angiodysplasia — Bowel obstruction: Ileus · Intussusception · Volvulus · Fecal impaction — Constipation · Diarrhea (Infectious)
Rectum/anus	Proctitis (Radiation proctitis) · Proctalgia fugax · Rectal prolapse · Anal fissure/Anal fistula · Anal abscess

Liver	Hepatitis (Viral hepatitis, Autoimmune hepatitis, Alcoholic hepatitis) · Cirrhosis (PBC) · Fatty liver (NASH) · vascular (Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Portal hypertension, Nutmeg liver) · Alcoholic liver disease · Liver failure (Hepatic encephalopathy, Acute liver failure) · Liver abscess · Hepatorenal syndrome · Peliosis hepatis
Gallbladder	Cholecystitis · Gallstones/Cholecystolithiasis · Cholesterolosis · Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses · Postcholecystectomy syndrome
Bile duct/ other biliary tree	Cholangitis (PSC, Ascending) · Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome · Biliary fistula · Haemobilia · Gallstones/Cholelithiasis common bile duct (Choledocholithiasis, Biliary dyskinesia)
Pancreatic	Pancreatitis (Acute, Chronic, Hereditary) · Pancreatic pseudocyst · Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency · Pancreatic fistula

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Plasma derived mediators	Bradykinin - complement (C3, C5a, MAC) - coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)
Cell derived mediators	preformed: Lysosome granules - vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) - eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) - Nitric oxide - Kinins

Processes

Cardiovascular	Endocarditis - Myocarditis - Pericarditis - Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis)
Digestive	mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis) - tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) - accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) - Peritonitis
Musc./int.	Arthritis - Bursitis - Dermatitis (Folliculitis) - Dermatomyositis - Epicondylitis - Fasciitis - Fibrositis - Hidradenitis - Mastitis - Myositis - Osteitis - Synovitis - Tendinitis
Nervous	Encephalitis - Meningitis - Myelitis - Otitis - eye (Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Dacryoadenitis, Iritis)
Respiratory	upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) - lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis)
Reproductive	female: Cervicitis - Chorioamnionitis - Endometritis - Oophoritis - Salpingitis - Uveitis - Vaginitis - Vulvitis - Parametritis male: Epididymitis - Prostatitis - Orchitis newborn: Omphalitis
Urinary	Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) - Ureteritis - Cystitis - Urethritis