Somnolence
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| Somnolence Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | R40.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 780.09 |
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Ongoing Trials on Somnolence at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Somnolence at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Somnolence
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Patient resources on Somnolence Discussion groups on Somnolence Patient Handouts on Somnolence Directions to Hospitals Treating Somnolence Risk calculators and risk factors for Somnolence
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Somnolence (or "drowsiness") is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. It has two distinct meanings, referring both to the usual state preceding falling asleep, and the chronic condition referring to being in that state independent of a circadian rhythm. The disorder characterized by the latter condition is most commonly associated with users of prescription hypnotics, such as mirtazapine or zolpidem.
It is considered a lesser impairment of consciousness than stupor or coma.
Hazards
Somnolence can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. When a person is sufficiently fatigued, he or she may experience microsleeps (loss of concentration).
Associated conditions
- sleep apnea
- sleep deprivation / insomnia
- advanced sleep phase syndrome
- narcolepsy
- clinical depression, especially seasonal affective disorder or SAD
- infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)
- Paget's disease
- increased intracranial pressure for example due to brain tumors
- brain edema
- stroke
- traumatic brain injury
- Intracranial hemorrhage such as due to ruptured aneurysm
- hydrocephalus
- cerebral hypoxia
- encephalitis - (viral, bacterial or other agents)
- Lyme disease (borreliosis)
- hypothyroidism
- starvation
- hypothermia
- medications
- tranquilizers / hypnotics especially benzodiazepines such as temazepam (Restoril®) or nitrazepam (Mogadon®) and barbiturates such as amobarbital (Amytal®) or secobarbital (Seconal®)
- antidepressants - for instance sertraline and venlafaxine.
- antipsychotics - for example: thioridazine, quetiapine, and olanzapine (Zyprexa) but not haloperidol.
- analgesics - mostly prescribed or illicit opiates such as Oxycontin or heroin
- HIV medications - for example: Sustiva and medications containing efavirenz
- anticonvulsants / antiepileptic - such as phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal) (see article on Epilepsy.com)
- antihistamines - for instance diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- hypertension medications such as Norvasc
- generally many other agents with impact on central nervous system in sufficient or toxic doses
- certain substances from plants, animals and fungi - from the wild or otherwise. Majority yet to be discovered (rain forest, oceans)
See also
Articles on Sleep | |
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| Sleep Stages | Rapid eye movement sleep • Beta wave sleep • Gamma wave sleep • Non-rapid eye movement sleep • Slow-wave sleep • Theta wave sleep • Delta wave sleep |
| Sleep disorders | Sleep deprivation • Insomnia • Parasomnia • Sleepwalking • Sleeptalking • Night terror • Dyssomnia • Hypersomnia • Narcolepsy • Sleep apnea • Ondine's curse • Nocturnal myoclonus • Circadian rhythm sleep disorder • Nocturia • Automatic behavior • Sleeping sickness |
| Benign Phenomena | Dream • Nightmare • Exploding head syndrome • Lucid dream • False awakening • Sleep paralysis • Hypnagogia • Hypnic jerk • Nocturnal emission • Somnolence |
| Other Sleep-related Topics | Bed bug • Sleep and learning • Snoring • Jet lag • Sleep debt • Power nap • Polyphasic sleep • Siesta • Bedtime • Bedtime story |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
