Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
| methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | MUT |
| Entrez | 4594 |
| HUGO | 7526 |
| OMIM | 609058 |
| RefSeq | NM_000255 |
| UniProt | P22033 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 5.4.99.2 |
| Locus | Chr. 6 p21 |
Methylmalonyl-Coenzyme A mutase is an enzyme involved in key metabolic pathways. It catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. It requires its Vitamin B12 derived prosthetic group, adenosylcobalamin, to function.
The substrate of Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, methylmalonyl-CoA, is primarily derived from propionyl-CoA, a substance formed from the catabolism and digestion of isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, thymine, uracil, cholesterol, or odd-chain fatty acids.
The product of the enzyme, succinyl-CoA, is a key molecule of the TCA cycle.
Pathology
A deficiency of this enzyme is responsible for an inherited disorder of metabolism, Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency, which is one of the causes of methylmalonic acidemia.
Function
MUT resides in the mitochondria where a number of substances, including the branched-chain amino acids Ile and Val, as well as Met, Thr, thymine and odd-chain FAs are metabolized via Methylmalonate semialdehyde (MMlSA) or Propionyl-CoA (Pr-CoA) to a common compound - Methyl-malonyl-CoA (MMl-CoA).
MUT reaction mechanism begins with homolytic cleavage of AdoB12's C-Co(III) bond, the C and Co atoms each acquire one of the electrons that formed the cleaved electron pair bond. The Co ion therefore fluctuates between its Co(III) and Co(II) oxidation states [the two states are spectroscopically distinguishable: Co(III) is red and diamagnetic (no unpaired electrons), whereas Co(II) is yellow and paramagnetic (unpaired electrons)]. Hence, the role of coenzyme B-12 in the catalytic process is that of a reversible free radical generator. The C-Co(III) bond is well suited to this function because it is inherently weak (dissociation energy = 109 kJ/mol) and appears to be further weakened through steric interactions with the enzyme. A homolytic cleavage reaction is unusual in biology; most other biological bond cleavage reactions occur via heterolytic cleavage (in which the electron pair forming the cleaved bond is fully acquired by one of the separating atoms). [2](p.)
[1](p.676, Figure. 23-20)
External links
Isomerase: mutases (EC 5.4) | |
|---|---|
| 5.4.2 Phosphomutases | Phosphoglycerate mutase - Bisphosphoglycerate mutase - Phosphoglucomutase |
| 5.4.99 Other groups | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase - Lanosterol synthase |
Metabolism: Citric acid cycle enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Cycle | Citrate synthase - Aconitase - Isocitrate dehydrogenase - Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase - Succinyl CoA synthetase Succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) - Fumarase - Malate dehydrogenase |
| Anaplerotic | to acetyl-CoA: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase)
to ketoglutaric acid: Glutamate dehydrogenase to succinyl-CoA: Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to oxaloacetate: Pyruvate carboxylase - Aspartate transaminase |
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