Thymine
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- For the similarly-spelled vitamin compound, see Thiamine
| Thymine | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name | 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| MeSH | |
| SMILES | CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H6N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 126.11334 g/mol |
| Melting point |
316 - 317 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Thymine is one of the four bases in the nucleic acid of DNA that make up the letters ATGC. The others are adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine (T) always pairs with adenine. Also known as 5-methyluracil a pyrimidine nucleobase. As the name implies, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. In RNA thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine(T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.
Thymine combined with deoxyribose creates the nucleoside deoxythymidine, which is synonymous with the term thymidine. Thymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating respectively TMP, TDP or TTP (thymidine mono- di- or triphosphate).
One of the common mutations of DNA involves two adjacent thymines or cytosine, which in presence of ultraviolet light may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule that inhibit normal function.
Thymine could also be a target for actions of 5-fu in cancer treatment. 5-fu can be a metabolic analog of Thymine (in DNA synthesis) or Uracil (in RNA synthesis). Substitution of this analog inhibit DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells.
References
See Also
External links
ca:Timina cs:Thymin da:Thymin de:Thymin el:Θυμίνηeo:Timinoid:Timin it:Timina he:תימין lt:Timinas hu:Timin nl:Thyminesimple:Thymine sl:Timin sr:Тимин sh:Timin fi:Tymiini sv:Tymin th:ไทมีนuk:Тимін
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Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
