Tipepidine

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Tipepidine
File:Tipepidine.svg
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
E number{{#property:P628}}
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Chemical and physical data
FormulaC15H17NS2
Molar mass275.434 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
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Tipepidine (INN) (brand names Asverin, Antupex, Asvelik, Asvex, Bitiodin, Cofdenin A, Hustel, Nodal, Sotal), also known as tipepidine hibenzate (JAN), is a synthetic, non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class.[1][2] It acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs).[3] The drug was discovered in the 1950s,[4] and was developed in Japan in 1959.[5] It is used as the hibenzate and citrate salts.[1][5]

The usual dose is 20 mg every 4–6 hours.[citation needed] Possible side effects of tipepidine, especially in overdose, may include drowsiness, vertigo, delirium, disorientation, loss of consciousness, and confusion.[5]

Tipepidine has recently garnered interest as a potential psychiatric drug. It is being investigated in depression,[3][6][7] obsessive-compulsive disorder,[8] and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).[9][10] Through inhibition of GIRK channels, tipepidine increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, but without increasing locomotor activity or producing methamphetamine-like behavioral sensitization, and this action appears to be at least partly responsible for its antidepressant-like effects in rodents.[11][12]

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 C.R. Ganellin; David J. Triggle (21 November 1996). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. pp. 1988–. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4.
  2. Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 1649–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Kawaura, Kazuaki; Ogata, Yukino; Inoue, Masako; Honda, Sokichi; Soeda, Fumio; Shirasaki, Tetsuya; Takahama, Kazuo (2009). "The centrally acting non-narcotic antitussive tipepidine produces antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in rats". Behavioural Brain Research. 205 (1): 315–318. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.07.004. ISSN 0166-4328.
  4. ES Patent 272195
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Imai, Yuki; Ishii, Wakako; Endo, Ayumi; Arakawa, Chikako; Kohira, Ryutaro; Fujita, Yukihiko; Fuchigami, Tatsuo; Mugishima, Hideo (2011). "Tipepidine hibenzate intoxication". Pediatrics International. 53 (5): 779–781. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.2010.03297.x. ISSN 1328-8067.
  6. KAWAURA, Kazuaki; HONDA, Sokichi; SOEDA, Fumio; SHIRASAKI, Tetsuya; TAKAHAMA, Kazuo (2010). "A Novel Antidepressant-like Action of Drugs Possessing GIRK Channel Blocking Action in Rats". YAKUGAKU ZASSHI. 130 (5): 699–705. doi:10.1248/yakushi.130.699. ISSN 0031-6903.
  7. Sasaki T, Hashimoto K, Tachibana M, Kurata T, Kimura H, Komatsu H, et al. (2014). "Tipepidine in adolescent patients with depression: a 4 week, open-label, preliminary study". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 10: 719–22. doi:10.2147/NDT.S63075. PMC 4015794. PMID 24833905.
  8. Honda, Sokichi; Kawaura, Kazuaki; Soeda, Fumio; Shirasaki, Tetsuya; Takahama, Kazuo (2011). "The potent inhibitory effect of tipepidine on marble-burying behavior in mice". Behavioural Brain Research. 216 (1): 308–312. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.010. ISSN 0166-4328.
  9. Sasaki T, Hashimoto K, Tachibana M, Kurata T, Okawada K, Ishikawa M, et al. (2014). "Tipepidine in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 4-week, open-label, preliminary study". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 10: 147–51. doi:10.2147/NDT.S58480. PMC 3908907. PMID 24493927.
  10. Hashimoto, K.; Sasaki, T. (2014). "Old drug tipepidine as new hope for children with ADHD". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 49 (2): 181–182. doi:10.1177/0004867414553952. ISSN 0004-8674.
  11. Hamasaki R, Shirasaki T, Soeda F, Takahama K (2013). "Tipepidine activates VTA dopamine neuron via inhibiting dopamine D₂ receptor-mediated inward rectifying K⁺ current". Neuroscience. 252: 24–34. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.044. PMID 23896570.
  12. Hamao K, Kawaura K, Soeda F, Hamasaki R, Shirasaki T, Takahama K (2015). "Tipepidine increases dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens without methamphetamine-like behavioral sensitization". Behav. Brain Res. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.012. PMID 25687844.


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