Dyspnea causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Dyspnea}}
{{Dyspnea}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}, {{EG}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
Life threatening causes of dyspnea include [[acute coronary syndromes]], [[anaphylaxis]], [[carbon monoxide poisoning]] and [[cardiac tamponade]]. Other causes of dyspnea include
[[anemia]], [[foreign body aspiration]], [[pneumonia]] and [[pregnancy]].
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
 
* [[Acute heart failure]]
===Life Threatening Causes===
* [[Acute papillary muscle rupture]]
* [[Acute coronary syndromes]]
* [[Anaphylaxis]]
* [[Asthma]]
* [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
* [[Cardiac tamponade]]
* [[Cardiac tamponade]]
* [[COPD|COPD exacerbation]]
* [[Foreign body aspiration]]
* [[Foreign body aspiration]]
* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
* [[Sepsis]]
* [[Spontaneous pneumothorax]]
* [[Spontaneous pneumothorax]]
* [[H. influenza epiglottitis]]
 
* [[Bronchospasm]]
===Common Causes===
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Foreign body aspiration]]
* [[Heart failure]]
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic dissection]], [[Cardiomyopathy]], [[Congenital heart disease]], [[Heart failure]], [[Ischaemic heart disease]], [[Malignant hypertension]], [[Diseases of the pericardium]] such as [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[Constrictive pericarditis]] or [[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Valvular heart disease]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Acute coronary syndromes]], [[Acute myocardial ischemia]], [[Angina pectoris]], [[Aortic arch anomalies]], [[Aortic dissection]], [[Aortic regurgitation]], [[Aortic stenosis]], [[Arrhythmia]], [[Atrial fibrillation]], [[Atrioseptal defect]], [[Beriberi heart disease]], [[heart failure|Biventricular heart failure]], [[Bicalutamide]], [[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]], [[Cardiac disease in pregnancy]], [[Cardiac failure]], [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[Cardiogenic shock]], [[Cardiomegaly]], [[Cardiomyopathy]], [[Central sleep apnea]], [[Cholesterol pericarditis]],  [[Complete heart block]], [[Congenital heart disease]], [[Congestive heart failure]], [[Continuous murmur]], [[Cor Pulmonale]],  [[Coronary artery disease]], [[Coronary artery fistula]], [[Diseases of the pericardium]], [[Constrictive pericarditis]], [[Cor triatriatum]], [[Dysrhythmia]], [[Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[Endocarditis]], [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[Heart attack]], [[Heart failure]], [[Hypotension]], [[Hypertensive heart disease]], [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[Hypovolemic shock]], [[Inappropriate sinus tachycardia]], [[Irregular heart rhythms]], [[Ischaemic heart disease]], [[Levo-transposition of the great arteries]], [[Loeffler's endocarditis]],  [[Malignant hypertension]], [[Micturition syncope]], [[Mitral regurgitation]], [[Mitral stenosis]], [[Morbid obesity]], [[Myocardial infarction]], [[Myocardial ischaemia]], [[Myocarditis]], [[STEMI]], [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], [[Pericardial effusion]], [[Pericardial constriction]], [[Pericarditis]], [[Perimyocarditis]],  [[Pneumomediastinum]], [[Hypotension|Postprandial hypotension]], [[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pulmonary stenosis]], [[Right ventricular failure]], [[Shock]], [[Shock lung]], [[Sick sinus syndrome]], [[Sipuleucel-T]], [[Tetralogy of Fallot]],  [[Transposition of the great arteries]], [[Tricuspid stenosis]], [[Tumors of the myocardium]], [[Tuberculin]], [[Valvular heart disease]], [[Vasovagal syncope]], [[Ventricular septal defect]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]], [[Chlorine gas]], [[Cyanide]], [[Snake bite]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Burns|Facial burns]], [[Burns|Severe burns]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen]] and [[oxycodone]], [[Acetylcysteine]], [[Agalsidase beta]], [[Aldesleukin]], [[Amphotericin B]], [[Amyl nitrite]], [[Aztreonam]], [[Basiliximab]], [[Beta-blockers]], [[Betazole]], [[Bleomycin ]], [[bromocriptine]], [[Butorphanol]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Carfilzomib]], [[Caspofungin]], [[Cefoxitin sodium]], [[Cladosporium]], [[Clomifene]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cromolyn]], [[Cefaclor]], [[Cetuximab]], [[Corticorelin]], [[Cytomegalovirus immune globulin]], [[Daptomycin]], [[Caspofungin acetate]], [[Denileukin diftitox]], [[Desmopressin]], [[Dexpanthenol]], [[Disulfiram]], [[Diuretics]], [[Drugs]], [[Dornase Alfa]], [[Efavirenz]], [[Enzalutamide]], [[Ephedrine]], [[Estramustine]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]], [[Ferric Carboxymaltose|Ferric carboxymaltose]],[[Fosaprepitant]], [[Fulvestrant]], [[Gemcitabine]], [[Gemeprost]],  [[Glatiramer acetate]], [[Glutaraldehyde]], [[Goserelin]],  [[Hydroxocobalamin]], [[Ibrutinib]], [[Idelalisib]], [[Iloprost]], [[Imipenem-Cilastatin|Imipenem-Cilastatin]], [[Ioxilan]], [[Ketorolac]], [[Leflunomide]], [[Lenalidomide]], [[Letrozole]], [[Levosimendan]], [[Levothyroxine]],  [[Megestrol]], [[Mercury]], [[Meropenem]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Methyl isocyanate]], [[Mifepristone]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Moxifloxacin ophthalmic]], [[Nabumetone]], [[Naltrexone]], [[Niacin]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Panitumumab]], [[Polidocanol]], [[Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES)]], [[Protamine sulfate]], [[Pralatrexate]], [[Ramucirumab]], [[Rimabotulinumtoxinb]], [[Rizatriptan]], [[Ropinirole]], [[Romidepsin]], [[Sertraline]], [[Sodium nitroprusside]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Sunitinib]], [[Teniposide]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]], [[Tiagabine]],  [[Ticagrelor]], [[Tocilizumab]], [[Topiramate]], [[Tretinoin]], [[Zonisamide]], [[Zoledronate]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Empty nose syndrome]], [[Reinke's edema|glottic edema]], [[Sleep apnea syndrome]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypothyroidism]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Diabetic coma]], [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[Fatigue]], [[Goiter]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Morbid obesity]], [[Myxedema]], [[Myxoma]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal masses]], [[Ascites]], [[Cirrhosis]], [[Diarrhea]], [[Diverticulosis]], [[Esophageal cancer]], [[Esophagus|Esophageal diseases]],  [[Gastroesophageal reflux]], [[Hiatal hernia]], [[Intussusception]], [[Jaundice]], [[Morbid obesity]], [[Vomiting]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[McLeod syndrome|Macleod syndrome]], [[Sickle cell anemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[Leukemia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute myeloid leukemia]], [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]], [[Anemia]], [[Blood donation]], [[Blood transfusion]], [[Erdheim-Chester disease]], [[Fat embolism]], [[Fatigue]], [[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[Hemorrhage]], [[Histiocytosis X]], [[Iron deficiency anemia]],  [[Leukemia]],  [[Hyperleukocytosis|Leukostasis]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Lymphangiomyomatosis]], [[McLeod syndrome|Macleod syndrome]], [[Megaloblastic anemia]], [[Rh disease|Rh problems]], [[Sickle cell anemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Barium]], [[Bronchoscopy]], [[Chest tube]], [[Empty nose syndrome]], [[Pneumonitis|Radiation pneumonitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sepsis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute bronchitis]], [[AIDS]], [[Anthrax]], [[Ascariasis]], [[Aspergillus clavatus]],  [[Atypical pneumonia]], [[Bulbar poliomyelitis]], [[CMV pneumonitis]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Croup]], [[Diarrhea]], [[Ehrlichiosis]], [[Hyperleukocytosis|Leukostasis]], [[Sepsis]], [[Micropolyspora faeni]],  [[Miliary tuberculosis]], [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]], [[Pleural empyema]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Respiratory tract infection]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], [[Sepsis]], [[Tonsillar abscess]], [[Toxocariasis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Kyphoscoliosis]], [[Polyradiculitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Parsonage-Turner syndrome]], [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] ([[ALS]]),  [[Brain stem infarction]], [[CNS disease]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Eaton-Lambert syndrome]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Fat embolism]],  [[Fatigue]],  [[Focal cerebral ischemia]], [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]],  [[Micturition syncope]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Myasthenia gravis]], [[Neuromuscular disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Parsonage-Turner syndrome]], [[Phrenic nerve paralysis]], [[Post-tussive syncope]], [[Seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acidosis]], [[Dehydration]], [[Morbid obesity]], [[Diet|Poor diet]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amniotic fluid embolism]], [[Cardiac disease in pregnancy]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Vomiting]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lung cancer]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute myeloid leukemia]], [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]], [[Bronchial tumors]], [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[Lung cancer]], [[Lymphangitic metastases]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Lymphangiomyomatosis]], [[Malignant mesothelioma]], [[Mediastinal tumors]], [[Tracheal tumors]], [[Tumors of the myocardium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcohol|Alcohol intoxication]], [[Narcotic|Narcotics overdose]], [[Toxins]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anxiety disorder]]s and [[panic attack]]s
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anxiety disorder]], [[Depression]], [[Emotional stress]], [[Fatigue]], [[Fear]], [[Generalized anxiety disorder]], [[Hysteria]], [[Panic attack]]s
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute bronchitis]], [[Acute chest syndrome]], [[Acute lung syndrome]], [[Acute tracheobronchitis]], [[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]], [[Air-conditioner lung]], [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]], [[Asbestosis]], [[Aspiration]], [[Asthma]], [[Atelectasis]], [[Bird breeder's lung]], [[Bird fancier's lung]], [[Bronchial asthma]], [[Bronchial atresia]], [[Bronchial tumors]], [[Bronchiectasis]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[Bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]], [[Bronchitis]], [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[Bronchogenic cyst]], [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Central sleep apnea]], [[Cheese worker's lung]], [[Chemical worker's lung]], [[Chest trauma]], [[Chronic bronchitis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] ([[COPD]]), [[Chylothorax]], [[CMV pneumonitis]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Churg-Strauss Syndrome]], [[Coal worker pneumoconiosis]], [[Cor pulmonale]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung]], [[Diaphragmatic dysfunction|Decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion]], [[Diffuse panbronchiolitis]], [[Pleural empyema]], [[Emphysema]], [[Eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Epiglottitis]],[[Exercise-induced asthma]], [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Fat embolism]], [[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]],  [[Flail chest]], [[Flash pulmonary edema]], [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[Grain handler's lung]], [[Hemochlyothorax]], [[Hemothorax]], [[Histiocytosis X]], [[Humidifier lung]], [[Hydrochlyothorax]], [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[Hypoxia]], [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Laryngeal| Bronchospasm]], [[Larynx|Larynx fracture]], [[Lung cancer]],  [[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]], [[Malt worker's lung]], [[Miliary tuberculosis]], Pleural callosity, [[Pleural effusion]], [[Pleural fibrosis]], [[Pleurisy]],[[Pneumoconiosis]], [[Pneumochlyothorax]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Pneumomediastinum]], [[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Pulmonary emphysema]], [[Pulmonary fibrosis]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Respiratory failure]], [[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]], [[Sclerosing mediastinitis]], [[Pulmonary sequestration|Sequestered lung]], [[Shock lung]], [[Smoke inhalation]], [[Smoking]], [[Interstitial lung disease|Stiff lungs]], [[Stridor]], [[Tension pneumothorax]], [[Tonsillar abscess]], [[Tracheal stenosis]], [[Tracheal tumors]], [[Tracheomalacia]], [[Tracheolaryngobronchitis]], [[Tracheobronchial collapse]], [[Transient tachypnea of the newborn]], [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metabolic acidosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acidosis]], [[Dehydration]], [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[Metabolic acidosis]], [[Uremia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergy]], [[Anaphylactoid reactions]], [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Asthma]], [[Bronchial asthma]], [[Churg-Strauss Syndrome]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]],[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]], [[Mollusk shell hypersensitivity]], [[Mucor stolonifer]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Quincke's edema]], [[Systemic sclerosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Rib fractures]], [[Chest trauma]], [[Trauma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Micturition syncope]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Air pollution]], [[Altitude sickness]], [[Choking]], [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[Decompression sickness]], [[Deconditioning]], [[Epidemic dropsy]],  [[Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid]], [[Ludwig's angina]], [[Obesity]], [[Sarcoidosis]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>===
{{Columns-list|3|
* [[Abdominal masses]]
* [[Acetylcysteine]]
* [[Acute bronchitis]]
* [[Acidosis]]
* [[Acute chest syndrome]]
* [[Acute coronary syndromes]]
* [[Acute lung syndrome]]
* [[Acute myocardial ischemia]]
* [[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
* [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]]
* [[Acute tracheobronchitis]]
* [[Adult respiratory distress syndrome]]
* [[AIDS]]
* [[Air pollution]]
* [[Air-conditioner lung]]
* [[Alcohol]]
* [[Allergy]]
* [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
* [[Amphotericin B]]
* [[Amyl nitrite]]
* [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]] ([[ALS]])
* [[Anaphylactoid reactions]]
* [[Anaphylaxis]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Angina Pectoris]]
* [[Anthrax]]
* [[Anxiety]]
* [[Aortic arch anomalies]]
* [[Aortic regurgitation]]
* [[Aortic stenosis]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]
* [[Asbestosis]]
* [[Ascariasis]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Aspergillus clavatus]]
* [[Aspiration]]
* [[Asthma]]
* [[Atelectasis]]
* [[Atrial fibrillation]]
* [[Atrioseptal defect]]
* [[Atypical pneumonia]]
* [[Aztreonam]]
* [[Barium]]
* [[Beriberi heart disease]]
* [[Beta-blockers]]
* [[Betazole]]
* [[Bird breeder's lung]]
* [[Bird fancier's lung]]
* [[Bland-White-Garland Syndrome]]
* [[Bleomycin]]
* [[Blood donation]]
* [[Blood transfusion]]
* [[Blunt trauma|Blunt neck trauma]]
* [[Brain stem infarction]]
* [[Rib fracture|Broken ribs]]
* [[Bronchial asthma]]
* [[Bronchial atresia]]
* [[Bronchogenic cyst]]
* [[Bronchospasm]]
* [[Bronchial tumors]]
* [[Bronchiectasis]]
* [[Bronchiolitis]]
* [[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]
* [[Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia]]
* [[Bronchitis]]
* [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
* [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
* [[Bronchoscopy]]
* [[Bulbar poliomyelitis]]
* [[Butorphanol]]
* [[Acquired C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency|C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency]]
* [[Cardiac disease in pregnancy]]
* [[Cardiac failure]]
* [[Cardiomegaly]]
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Calcium channel blockers]]
* [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
* [[Cardiac tamponade]]
* [[Cardiogenic shock]]
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Caspofungin]]
* [[Central sleep apnea]]
* [[Cetuximab]]
* [[Cheese worker's lung]]
* [[Chemical worker's lung]]
* [[Pectus excavatum|Chest deformity]]
* [[Chest wall disease]]
* [[Chest trauma]]
* [[Chest tube]]
* [[Choking]]
* [[Chlorine gas]]
* [[Cholesterol pericarditis]]
* [[Churg - Strauss Syndrome]]
* [[Bronchitis|Chronic bronchitis]]
* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
* [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] ([[COPD]])
* [[Chylothorax]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]
* [[Cladosporium]]
* [[High altitude|Climbing to high altitudes]]
* [[CMV Pneumonitis]]
* [[CNS disease]]
* [[Coal worker pneumoconiosis]]
* [[Cocaine detailed information|Cocaine over dose]]
* [[Complete heart block]]
* [[Community-acquired pneumonia]]
* [[Congenital heart disease]]
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Constrictive pericarditis]]
* [[Continuous murmur]]
* [[Cor Pulmonae]]
* [[Cor triatriatum]]
* [[Coronary artery disease]]
* [[Coronary artery fistula]]
* [[Croup]]
* [[CVA]]
* [[Cyanide]]
* [[Cystic fibrosis]]
* [[Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus immune globulin]]
* [[Daptomycin]]
* [[Decompression sickness]]
* [[Deconditioning]]
* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Depression]]
* [[Desmopressin]]
* [[Diaphragmatic dysfunction|Decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion]]
* [[Diabetes]]
* [[Diabetic coma]]
* [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
* [[Diffuse panbronchiolitis]]
* [[Thoracic diaphragm|Diaphragmatic paralysis]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Diuretics]]
* [[Diverticulosis]]
* [[Drugs]]
* [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]
* [[Dysrhythmia]]
* [[Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve]]
* [[Efavirenz]]
* [[Ehrlichiosis (canine)]]
* [[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
* [[Emotional stress]]
* [[Emphysema]]
* [[Empty nose syndrome]]
* [[Empyema, pleural]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Endocarditis]]
* [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]]
* [[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]
* [[Ephedrine]]
* [[Epidemic dropsy]]
* [[Epiglottitis]]
* [[Erdheim-Chester disease]]
* [[Esophageal cancer]]
* [[Esophagus|Esophageal diseases]]
* [[Physical exercise|Exercise]]
* [[Exercise-induced asthma]]
* [[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]
* [[Burns|Facial burns]]
* [[Fallot tetralogy]]
* [[Fat embolism]]
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Fear]]
* [[Ferric Carboxymaltose]]
* [[Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic]]
* [[Flail chest]]
* [[Flash pulmonary edema]]
* [[Focal cerebral ischemia]]
* [[Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]]
* [[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
* [[Gemcitabine]]
* [[Gemeprost]]
* [[Generalized anxiety disorder]]
* [[Glatiramer acetate]]
* [[Glutaraldehyde]]
* [[Reinke's Edema|Glottal edema]]
* [[Goiter]]
* [[Lymphangiomatosis|Gorham-stout syndrome]]
* [[Goodpasture syndrome]]
* [[Grain handler's lung]]
* [[Sepsis|Gram-negative sepsis]]
* [[Wegner's Granulomatosis|Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]]
* [[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]]
* [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]]
* [[Heart attack]]
* [[Heart failure|Heart dysfunction]]
* [[Heart failure]]
* [[Hemochlyothorax]]
* [[Hemorrhage]]
* [[Hemothorax]]
* [[Hiatal hernia]]
* [[Histiocytosis X]]
* [[HOCM]]
* [[Hoose (disease)]]
* [[Hughes-Stovin syndrome]]
* [[Humidifier lung]]
* [[Hydrochlyothorax]]
* [[Hydroxocobalamin]]
* [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
* [[Hypotension]]
* [[Hypertensive heart disease]]
* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
* [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
* [[Hypotension]]
* [[Hypovolemic shock]]
* [[Hypoxia]]
* [[Hysteria]]
* [[Idelalisib]]
* [[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]
* [[Iloprost]]
* [[Inappropriate sinus tachycardia]]
* [[Infliximab]]
* [[Interstitial lung disease]]
* [[Intoxication]] ([[carbon monoxide]], [[cyanide]])
* [[Receptor|Intrapulmonary receptor stimulation]]
* [[Intussusception (medical disorder)]]
* [[Iron deficiency anemia]]
* [[Irregular heart rhythms]]
* [[Jaundice]]
* [[Ketorolac]]
* [[Kyphoscoliosis]]
* [[Laryngeal]]/[[bronchospasm]]
* [[Larynx|Larynx fracture]]
* [[Leukemia]]
* [[Hyperleukocytosis|Leukostasis]]
* [[Levosimendan]]
* [[Levo-transposition of the great arteries]]
* [[Loeffler's Endocarditis]]
* [[Ludwig's angina]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Lymphangitic metastases]]
* [[Lymphangiomyomatosis]]
* [[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]]
* [[Lymphoma]]
* [[McLeod syndrome|Macleod syndrome]]
* [[Surgery|Major surgery]]
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Malignant hypertension]]
* [[Malignant mesothelioma]]
* [[Malt worker's lung]]
* [[Mediastinal tumors]]
* [[Megaloblastic Anemias]]
* [[Mercury (element)]]
* [[Metabolic acidosis]]
* [[Methyl isocyanate]]
* [[Micturition syncope]]
* [[Micropolyspora faeni]]
* [[Mifepristone]]
* [[Miliary tuberculosis]]
* [[Mitral regurgitation]]
* [[Mitral stenosis]]
* [[Mollusk shell hypersensitivity]]
* [[Morbid obesity]]
* [[Mucor stolonifer]]
* [[Myasthenia gravis]]
* [[Myocardial infarction]]
* [[Myocardial ischaemia]]
* [[Myocarditis]]
* [[Myxedema]]
* [[Myxoma]]
* [[Narcotic|Narcotics over dose]]
* [[Neuromuscular disease]]
* [[Niacin]]
* [[Nitrofurantoin]]
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Oprelvekin]]
* [[Organophosphates]]
* [[Oxaprozin]]
* [[Panic attacks]]
* [[Panitumumab]]
* [[Parkinson's disease]]
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
* [[Pericardial effusion]]/[[pericardial constriction]]
* [[Pericarditis]]
* [[Perimyocarditis]]
* [[Peritonitis]]
* [[Peritonsillar abscess]]
* [[Phrenic nerve paralysis]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
* [[Pleural callosity]]
* [[Pleurisy]]
* [[Pneumoconiosis]]
* [[Pneumocystis jiroveci]]
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Pneumomediastinum]]
* [[Pneumochlyothorax]]
* [[Pneumothorax]]
* [[Pleural fibrosis]]
* [[Poisoning]]
* [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
* [[Polyradiculitis]]
* [[Diet|Poor diet]]
* [[Hypotension|Postprandial hypotension]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Protamine sulfate]]
* [[Post-tussive syncope]]
* [[Pralatrexate]]
* [[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]
* [[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
* [[Pulmonary edema]]
* [[Pulmonary embolism]]
* [[Pulmonary emphysema]]
* [[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Pulmonary stenosis]]
* [[Quincke's edema]]
* [[Pneumonitis|Radiation pneumonitis]]
* [[Ramucirumab]]
* [[Regadenoson]]
* [[Rifampicin]]
* [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
* [[Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)]]
* [[Respiratory failure]]
* [[Muscle weakness |Respiratory muscle weakness]]
* [[Respiratory tract infection]]
* [[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
* [[Rh disease|Rh problems]]
* [[Rib fractures]]
* [[Right ventricular failure]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Sclerosing mediastinitis]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Sepsis]]
* [[Pulmonary sequestration|Sequestered lung]]
* [[Burns|Severe burns]]
* [[Shock]]
* [[Shock lung]]
* [[Shy-Drager syndrome]]
* [[Sleep apnea syndrome]]
* [[Sick sinus syndrome]]
* [[Sickle cell anemia]]
* [[Smoke inhalation]]
* [[Smoking]]
* [[Snake bite]]
* [[Sodium nitroprusside]]
* [[Hemothorax|Spontaneous haemothorax]]
* [[Interstitial lung disease|Stiff lungs]]
* [[Stridor]]
* [[Sulfur dioxide]]
* [[Systemic sclerosis]]
* [[Sipuleucel-T]]
* [[Sorafenib]]
* [[STEMI]]
* [[Sunitinib]]
* [[Tension pneumothorax]]
* [[Teniposide]]
* [[Emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate|Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate]]
* [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
* [[Ticagrelor]]
* [[Tonsillar abscess]]
* [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection|Total anomalous pulmonary venous return]]
* [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
* [[Toxins]]
* [[Toxocariasis]]
* [[Bronchomalacia|Tracheobronchomalacia]]
* [[Tracheolaryngobronchitis]]
* [[Transient tachypnea of the newborn]]
* [[Transposition of the great arteries]]
* [[Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia]]
* [[Trauma]]
* [[Tracheal stenosis]]
* [[Tracheal tumors]]
* [[Tracheomalacia]]
* [[Tracheobronchial collapse]]
* [[Tretinoin]]
* [[Tricuspid stenosis]]
* [[Tumors of the myocardium]]
* [[Uremia]]
* [[Valvular heart disease]]
* [[Vasovagal syncope]]
* [[Vomiting]]
* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
* [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
* [[Yersinia pestis]]
}}
===Causes Based on Pathophysiology===
====Obstructive Lung Diseases====
* [[Asthma]]
* [[Bronchitis]]
* [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
* [[Cystic fibrosis]]
* [[Emphysema]]
* [[Hookworm disease]]
* [[larynx|Laryngeal]] [[edema]] due to [[allergies]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
====Diseases of Lung Parenchyma and Pleura====
=====Contagious=====
* [[Anthrax]] through inhalation of ''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''
* [[Pneumonia]]
=====Non-Contagious=====
* [[Fibrosing alveolitis]]
* [[Atelectasis]]
* [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
* [[Interstitial lung disease]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
* [[Pneumoconiosis]]
* [[Pneumothorax]]
* Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]] or [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
====Pulmonary Vascular Diseases====
* Acute or recurrent [[Pulmonary embolism|pulmonary emboli]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]], primary or secondary
* Pulmonary [[veno-occlusive disease]]
* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
====Obstruction of the Airway====
* [[Cancer]] of the [[larynx]] or [[pharynx]]
* [[Empty nose syndrome]]
* [[Pulmonary aspiration]]
* [[Epiglottitis]]
====Immobilization of the Diaphragm====
* Lesion of the [[phrenic nerve]]
* [[Polycystic liver disease]]
* [[Tumor]] in the [[diaphragm]]
====Restriction of the Chest Volume====
* [[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
* [[Bone fracture|Broken ribs]]
* [[Kyphosis]]
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Pectus excavatum]]
* [[Scoliosis]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 21:31, 29 July 2020

Dyspnea Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dyspnea from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2], Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [3]

Overview

Life threatening causes of dyspnea include acute coronary syndromes, anaphylaxis, carbon monoxide poisoning and cardiac tamponade. Other causes of dyspnea include anemia, foreign body aspiration, pneumonia and pregnancy.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute coronary syndromes, Acute myocardial ischemia, Angina pectoris, Aortic arch anomalies, Aortic dissection, Aortic regurgitation, Aortic stenosis, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, Atrioseptal defect, Beriberi heart disease, Biventricular heart failure, Bicalutamide, Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Cardiac disease in pregnancy, Cardiac failure, Cardiac tamponade, Cardiogenic shock, Cardiomegaly, Cardiomyopathy, Central sleep apnea, Cholesterol pericarditis, Complete heart block, Congenital heart disease, Congestive heart failure, Continuous murmur, Cor Pulmonale, Coronary artery disease, Coronary artery fistula, Diseases of the pericardium, Constrictive pericarditis, Cor triatriatum, Dysrhythmia, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, Eisenmenger syndrome, Endocarditis, Endomyocardial fibrosis, Heart attack, Heart failure, Hypotension, Hypertensive heart disease, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Hypovolemic shock, Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, Irregular heart rhythms, Ischaemic heart disease, Levo-transposition of the great arteries, Loeffler's endocarditis, Malignant hypertension, Micturition syncope, Mitral regurgitation, Mitral stenosis, Morbid obesity, Myocardial infarction, Myocardial ischaemia, Myocarditis, STEMI, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pericardial effusion, Pericardial constriction, Pericarditis, Perimyocarditis, Pneumomediastinum, Postprandial hypotension, Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular failure, Shock, Shock lung, Sick sinus syndrome, Sipuleucel-T, Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the great arteries, Tricuspid stenosis, Tumors of the myocardium, Tuberculin, Valvular heart disease, Vasovagal syncope, Ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning, Chlorine gas, Cyanide, Snake bite
Dermatologic Facial burns, Severe burns
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen and oxycodone, Acetylcysteine, Agalsidase beta, Aldesleukin, Amphotericin B, Amyl nitrite, Aztreonam, Basiliximab, Beta-blockers, Betazole, Bleomycin , bromocriptine, Butorphanol, Calcium channel blockers, Carfilzomib, Caspofungin, Cefoxitin sodium, Cladosporium, Clomifene, Crizotinib, Cromolyn, Cefaclor, Cetuximab, Corticorelin, Cytomegalovirus immune globulin, Daptomycin, Caspofungin acetate, Denileukin diftitox, Desmopressin, Dexpanthenol, Disulfiram, Diuretics, Drugs, Dornase Alfa, Efavirenz, Enzalutamide, Ephedrine, Estramustine, Febuxostat, Felbamate, Ferric carboxymaltose,Fosaprepitant, Fulvestrant, Gemcitabine, Gemeprost, Glatiramer acetate, Glutaraldehyde, Goserelin, Hydroxocobalamin, Ibrutinib, Idelalisib, Iloprost, Imipenem-Cilastatin, Ioxilan, Ketorolac, Leflunomide, Lenalidomide, Letrozole, Levosimendan, Levothyroxine, Megestrol, Mercury, Meropenem, Mesalamine, Methyl isocyanate, Mifepristone, Minocycline hydrochloride, Moxifloxacin ophthalmic, Nabumetone, Naltrexone, Niacin, Nitrofurantoin, Oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, Panitumumab, Polidocanol, Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES), Protamine sulfate, Pralatrexate, Ramucirumab, Rimabotulinumtoxinb, Rizatriptan, Ropinirole, Romidepsin, Sertraline, Sodium nitroprusside, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Teniposide, Thalidomide, Thallous Chloride Tl 201, Tiagabine, Ticagrelor, Tocilizumab, Topiramate, Tretinoin, Zonisamide, Zoledronate
Ear Nose Throat Empty nose syndrome, glottic edema, Sleep apnea syndrome, Retropharyngeal abscess
Endocrine Diabetic coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Fatigue, Goiter, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Morbid obesity, Myxedema, Myxoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Abdominal masses, Ascites, Cirrhosis, Diarrhea, Diverticulosis, Esophageal cancer, Esophageal diseases, Gastroesophageal reflux, Hiatal hernia, Intussusception, Jaundice, Morbid obesity, Vomiting
Genetic Macleod syndrome, Sickle cell anemia
Hematologic Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Anemia, Blood donation, Blood transfusion, Erdheim-Chester disease, Fat embolism, Fatigue, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, Hemorrhage, Histiocytosis X, Iron deficiency anemia, Leukemia, Leukostasis, Lymphoma, Lymphangiomyomatosis, Macleod syndrome, Megaloblastic anemia, Rh problems, Sickle cell anemia
Iatrogenic Barium, Bronchoscopy, Chest tube, Empty nose syndrome, Radiation pneumonitis
Infectious Disease Acute bronchitis, AIDS, Anthrax, Ascariasis, Aspergillus clavatus, Atypical pneumonia, Bulbar poliomyelitis, CMV pneumonitis, Community-acquired pneumonia, Croup, Diarrhea, Ehrlichiosis, Leukostasis, Sepsis, Micropolyspora faeni, Miliary tuberculosis, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Pleural empyema, Pneumonia, Respiratory tract infection, Retropharyngeal abscess, Sepsis, Tonsillar abscess, Toxocariasis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Kyphoscoliosis, Polyradiculitis
Neurologic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Brain stem infarction, CNS disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, Encephalitis, Fat embolism, Fatigue, Focal cerebral ischemia, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Micturition syncope, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Neuromuscular disease, Parkinson's disease, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, Phrenic nerve paralysis, Post-tussive syncope, Seizures, Shy-Drager syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Acidosis, Dehydration, Morbid obesity, Poor diet
Obstetric/Gynecologic Amniotic fluid embolism, Cardiac disease in pregnancy, Pregnancy, Vomiting
Oncologic Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Bronchial tumors, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Leukemia, Lung cancer, Lymphangitic metastases, Lymphoma, Lymphangiomyomatosis, Malignant mesothelioma, Mediastinal tumors, Tracheal tumors, Tumors of the myocardium
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol intoxication, Narcotics overdose, Toxins
Psychiatric Anxiety disorder, Depression, Emotional stress, Fatigue, Fear, Generalized anxiety disorder, Hysteria, Panic attacks
Pulmonary Acute bronchitis, Acute chest syndrome, Acute lung syndrome, Acute tracheobronchitis, Adult respiratory distress syndrome, Air-conditioner lung, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Asbestosis, Aspiration, Asthma, Atelectasis, Bird breeder's lung, Bird fancier's lung, Bronchial asthma, Bronchial atresia, Bronchial tumors, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, Bronchitis, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchogenic cyst, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Central sleep apnea, Cheese worker's lung, Chemical worker's lung, Chest trauma, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Chylothorax, CMV pneumonitis, Community-acquired pneumonia, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Cor pulmonale, Cystic fibrosis, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion, Diffuse panbronchiolitis, Pleural empyema, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Epiglottitis,Exercise-induced asthma, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Fat embolism, Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic, Flail chest, Flash pulmonary edema, Goodpasture syndrome, Grain handler's lung, Hemochlyothorax, Hemothorax, Histiocytosis X, Humidifier lung, Hydrochlyothorax, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hypoxia, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Interstitial lung disease, Bronchospasm, Larynx fracture, Lung cancer, Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, Malt worker's lung, Miliary tuberculosis, Pleural callosity, Pleural effusion, Pleural fibrosis, Pleurisy,Pneumoconiosis, Pneumochlyothorax, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary emphysema, Pulmonary fibrosis, Pulmonary hypertension, Respiratory failure, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal), Sclerosing mediastinitis, Sequestered lung, Shock lung, Smoke inhalation, Smoking, Stiff lungs, Stridor, Tension pneumothorax, Tonsillar abscess, Tracheal stenosis, Tracheal tumors, Tracheomalacia, Tracheolaryngobronchitis, Tracheobronchial collapse, Transient tachypnea of the newborn, Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
Renal / Electrolyte Acidosis, Dehydration, Goodpasture syndrome, Metabolic acidosis, Uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergy, Anaphylactoid reactions, Anaphylaxis, Asthma, Bronchial asthma, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy,Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, Mollusk shell hypersensitivity, Mucor stolonifer, Polyarteritis nodosa, Quincke's edema, Systemic sclerosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Rib fractures, Chest trauma, Trauma
Urologic Micturition syncope
Miscellaneous Air pollution, Altitude sickness, Choking, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Decompression sickness, Deconditioning, Epidemic dropsy, Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, Ludwig's angina, Obesity, Sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order[1][2]

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

Causes Based on Pathophysiology

Obstructive Lung Diseases

Diseases of Lung Parenchyma and Pleura

Contagious
Non-Contagious

Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

Obstruction of the Airway

Immobilization of the Diaphragm

Restriction of the Chest Volume

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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