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{{Infobox gene}}


'''Angiotensin II receptor type 2''', also known as the '''AT<sub>2</sub> receptor''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the '''AGTR2''' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AGTR2 angiotensin II receptor, type 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=186| accessdate = }}</ref>


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== Function ==
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[[Angiotensin II]] is a potent [[vasoconstriction|pressor]] [[hormone]] and a primary regulator of [[aldosterone]] secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system. It acts through at least two types of receptors termed [[AGTR1|AT<sub>1</sub>]] and AT<sub>2</sub>. AGTR2 belongs to a family 1 of [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s. It is an integral membrane protein. It plays a role in the central nervous system and cardiovascular functions that are mediated by the [[renin–angiotensin system]]. This receptor mediates programmed cell death ([[apoptosis]]). In adults, it is highly expressed in [[myometrium]] with lower levels in [[adrenal gland]] and [[fallopian tube]]. It is highly expressed in fetal kidney and intestine. The human AGTR2 gene is composed of three exons and spans at least 5 kb. Exons 1 and 2 encode for 5' untranslated mRNA sequence and exon 3 harbors the entire uninterrupted open reading frame.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = 
| image_source = 
| PDB =
| Name = Angiotensin II receptor, type 2
| HGNCid = 338
| Symbol = AGTR2
| AltSymbols =; AT2; ATGR2; MRX88
| OMIM = 300034
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 20172
| MGIid = 87966
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_AGTR2_207294_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_AGTR2_207293_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_AGTR2_222321_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004860 |text = protein kinase inhibitor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004945 |text = angiotensin type II receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004947 |text = bradykinin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002033 |text = angiotensin mediated vasodilation during regulation of blood pressure}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002035 |text = brain renin-angiotensin system}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006915 |text = apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007610 |text = behavior}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 186
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000180772
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000677
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000686
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 115216003
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 115220253
    | Hs_Uniprot = P50052
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11609
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000068122
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007429
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031455
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 20641585
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 20646123
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3US12
  }}
}}
'''Angiotensin II receptor type 2''', also known as '''AGTR2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AGTR2 angiotensin II receptor, type 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=186| accessdate = }}</ref>


[[Angiotensin II]] is a potent pressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system. It acts through at least two types of receptors termed AT1 and AT2. AGTR2 belongs to a family 1 of [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s. It is an integral membrane protein. It plays a role in the central nervous system and cardiovascular functions that are mediated by the [[renin-angiotensin system]]. This receptor mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis). In adults, it is highly expressed in myometrium with lower levels in adrenal gland and fallopian tube. It is highly expressed in fetal kidney and intestine. The human AGTR2 gene is composed of three exons and spans at least 5 kb. Exons 1 and 2 encode for 5' untranslated mRNA sequence and exon 3 harbors the entire uninterrupted open reading frame.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AGTR2 angiotensin II receptor, type 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=186| accessdate = }}</ref>
Stimulation of AT<sub>2</sub> by the selective agonist CGP 42112A increases mucosal [[nitric oxide]] production.<ref name="pmid12689346">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ewert S, Laesser M, Johansson B, Holm M, Aneman A, Fandriks L | title = The angiotensin II receptor type 2 agonist CGP 42112A stimulates NO production in the porcine jejunal mucosa | journal = BMC Pharmacology | volume = 3 | pages = 2 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12689346 | pmc = 153509 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2210-3-2 }}</ref>


==See also==
== Model organisms ==
* [[Angiotensin receptor|Angiotensin II receptor]]
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" border="1" cellpadding="2" style="float: right;" |
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==References==
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| colspan=2; style="text-align: center;" | All tests and analysis from<ref name="mgp_reference">{{cite journal| doi = 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x| title = The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice| year = 2010| author = Gerdin AK| journal = Acta Ophthalmologica| volume = 88| issue = S248 | pages = 0}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sanger.ac.uk/mouseportal/ Mouse Resources Portal], Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.</ref>
|}
[[Model organism]]s have been used in the study of AGTR2 function. A conditional [[knockout mouse]] line, called ''Agtr2<sup>tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi</sup>''<ref name="allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.knockoutmouse.org/martsearch/search?query=Agtr2 |title=International Knockout Mouse Consortium}}</ref><ref name="mgi_allele_ref">{{cite web |url=http://www.informatics.jax.org/searchtool/Search.do?query=MGI:4433535 |title=Mouse Genome Informatics}}</ref> was generated as part of the [[International Knockout Mouse Consortium]] program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the [[Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute]].<ref name="pmid21677750">{{cite journal | vauthors = Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A | title = A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 337–42 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21677750 | pmc = 3572410 | doi = 10.1038/nature10163 }}</ref><ref name="mouse_library">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dolgin E | title = Mouse library set to be knockout | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7351 | pages = 262–3 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21677718 | doi = 10.1038/474262a }}</ref><ref name="mouse_for_all_reasons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W | title = A mouse for all reasons | journal = Cell | volume = 128 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–13 | date = January 2007 | pmid = 17218247 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018 }}</ref>


==Further reading==
Male and female animals underwent a standardized [[phenotypic screen]] to determine the effects of deletion.<ref name="mgp_reference" /><ref name="pmid21722353">{{cite journal | vauthors = van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW | title = The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 6 | pages = 224 | date = June 2011 | pmid = 21722353 | pmc = 3218837 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224 }}</ref> Twenty one tests were carried out on [[mutant]] mice, but no significant abnormalities were observed.<ref name="mgp_reference" />
 
== Interactions ==
 
Angiotensin II receptor type 2 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[MTUS1]].<ref name="pmid15123706">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nouet S, Amzallag N, Li JM, Louis S, Seitz I, Cui TX, Alleaume AM, Di Benedetto M, Boden C, Masson M, Strosberg AD, Horiuchi M, Couraud PO, Nahmias C | title = Trans-inactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases by novel angiotensin II AT2 receptor-interacting protein, ATIP | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 28 | pages = 28989–97 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15123706 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M403880200 }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Angiotensin II receptor]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
* {{NLM content}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, Inagami T, Wright JW, Unger T | title = International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 415–72 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10977869 | last5 = Unger | first5 = T }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = D'Amore A, Black MJ, Thomas WG | title = The angiotensin II type 2 receptor causes constitutive growth of cardiomyocytes and does not antagonize angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated hypertrophy | journal = Hypertension | volume = 46 | issue = 6 | pages = 1347–54 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16286564 | doi = 10.1161/01.HYP.0000193504.51489.cf }}
*{{cite journal | author=Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuss M, Warnecke C, ''et al.'' |title=Subtype 2 and atypical angiotensin receptors in the human heart. |journal=Basic Res. Cardiol. |volume=91 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages= 73-7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8957548 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuss M, Warnecke C, Holzmeister J, Hildebrandt AG, Fleck E | title = Subtype 2 and atypical angiotensin receptors in the human heart | journal = Basic Research in Cardiology | volume = 91 Suppl 2 | issue = | pages = 73–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 8957548 | doi = 10.1007/bf00795366 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, ''et al.'' |title=Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. |volume=281 |issue= 6 |pages= H2337-65 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11709400 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG | title = Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide | journal = American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology | volume = 281 | issue = 6 | pages = H2337–65 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11709400 | doi = 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2337}}
*{{cite journal | author=Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Sakai Y, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding human type-1 angiotensin II receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=183 |issue= 2 |pages= 910-6 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1550596 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Sakai Y, Nakao R, Yanase T, Haji M, Inagami T, Furuta H, Gou DF, Nakamuta M | title = Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding human type-1 angiotensin II receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 183 | issue = 2 | pages = 910–6 | date = March 1992 | pmid = 1550596 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(92)90570-B }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hein L, Barsh GS, Pratt RE, ''et al.'' |title=Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice. |journal=Nature |volume=377 |issue= 6551 |pages= 744-7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7477266 |doi= 10.1038/377744a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hein L, Barsh GS, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, Kobilka BK | title = Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice | journal = Nature | volume = 377 | issue = 6551 | pages = 744–7 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 7477266 | doi = 10.1038/377744a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ichiki T, Labosky PA, Shiota C, ''et al.'' |title=Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor. |journal=Nature |volume=377 |issue= 6551 |pages= 748-50 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7477267 |doi= 10.1038/377748a0 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ichiki T, Labosky PA, Shiota C, Okuyama S, Imagawa Y, Fogo A, Niimura F, Ichikawa I, Hogan BL, Inagami T | title = Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor | journal = Nature | volume = 377 | issue = 6551 | pages = 748–50 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 7477267 | doi = 10.1038/377748a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lazard D, Briend-Sutren MM, Villageois P, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization and chromosome localization of a human angiotensin II AT2 receptor gene highly expressed in fetal tissues. |journal=Recept. Channels |volume=2 |issue= 4 |pages= 271-80 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7719706 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lazard D, Briend-Sutren MM, Villageois P, Mattei MG, Strosberg AD, Nahmias C | title = Molecular characterization and chromosome localization of a human angiotensin II AT2 receptor gene highly expressed in fetal tissues | journal = Receptors & Channels | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 271–80 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7719706 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martin MM, Elton TS |title=The sequence and genomic organization of the human type 2 angiotensin II receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=209 |issue= 2 |pages= 554-62 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7733925 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1537 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martin MM, Elton TS | title = The sequence and genomic organization of the human type 2 angiotensin II receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 209 | issue = 2 | pages = 554–62 | date = April 1995 | pmid = 7733925 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1537 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chassagne C, Beatty BG, Meloche S |title=Assignment of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene (AGTR2) to chromosome Xq22-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Genomics |volume=25 |issue= 2 |pages= 601-3 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7790004 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chassagne C, Beatty BG, Meloche S | title = Assignment of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene (AGTR2) to chromosome Xq22-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization | journal = Genomics | volume = 25 | issue = 2 | pages = 601–3 | date = January 1995 | pmid = 7790004 | doi = 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80072-T }}
*{{cite journal | author=Koike G, Horiuchi M, Yamada T, ''et al.'' |title=Human type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene: cloned, mapped to the X chromosome, and its mRNA is expressed in the human lung. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=203 |issue= 3 |pages= 1842-50 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7945336 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2402 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Koike G, Horiuchi M, Yamada T, Szpirer C, Jacob HJ, Dzau VJ | title = Human type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene: cloned, mapped to the X chromosome, and its mRNA is expressed in the human lung | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 203 | issue = 3 | pages = 1842–50 | date = September 1994 | pmid = 7945336 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2402 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martin MM, Su B, Elton TS |title=Molecular cloning of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor cDNA. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=205 |issue= 1 |pages= 645-51 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7999093 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martin MM, Su B, Elton TS | title = Molecular cloning of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor cDNA | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 205 | issue = 1 | pages = 645–51 | date = November 1994 | pmid = 7999093 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2714 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tsuzuki S, Ichiki T, Nakakubo H, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning and expression of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 2 receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=200 |issue= 3 |pages= 1449-54 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8185599 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1613 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tsuzuki S, Ichiki T, Nakakubo H, Kitami Y, Guo DF, Shirai H, Inagami T | title = Molecular cloning and expression of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 2 receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 200 | issue = 3 | pages = 1449–54 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8185599 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1613 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Servant G, Boulay G, Bossé R, ''et al.'' |title=Photoaffinity labeling of subtype 2 angiotensin receptor of human myometrium. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=43 |issue= 5 |pages= 677-83 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8502225 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Servant G, Boulay G, Bossé R, Escher E, Guillemette G | title = Photoaffinity labeling of subtype 2 angiotensin receptor of human myometrium | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 677–83 | date = May 1993 | pmid = 8502225 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yamada T, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ |title=Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 1 |pages= 156-60 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8552595 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamada T, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ | title = Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 93 | issue = 1 | pages = 156–60 | date = January 1996 | pmid = 8552595 | pmc = 40197 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.1.156 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhang J, Pratt RE |title=The AT2 receptor selectively associates with Gialpha2 and Gialpha3 in the rat fetus. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 25 |pages= 15026-33 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8663053 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang J, Pratt RE | title = The AT2 receptor selectively associates with Gialpha2 and Gialpha3 in the rat fetus | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 271 | issue = 25 | pages = 15026–33 | date = June 1996 | pmid = 8663053 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.25.15026 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Minami S, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic organization and polymorphism of human angiotensin II type 2 receptor: no evidence for its gene mutation in two families of human premature ovarian failure syndrome. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=127 |issue= 2 |pages= 221-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9099917 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Minami S, Koike G, Santoro NF, Hsueh AJ, Dzau VJ | title = Genomic organization and polymorphism of human angiotensin II type 2 receptor: no evidence for its gene mutation in two families of human premature ovarian failure syndrome | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 127 | issue = 2 | pages = 221–8 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9099917 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(97)04011-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Akishita M, Ito M, Lehtonen JY, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=103 |issue= 1 |pages= 63-71 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9884335 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Akishita M, Ito M, Lehtonen JY, Daviet L, Dzau VJ, Horiuchi M | title = Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 103 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–71 | date = January 1999 | pmid = 9884335 | pmc = 407869 | doi = 10.1172/JCI5182 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lehtonen JY, Daviet L, Nahmias C, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of functional domains of angiotensin II type 2 receptor involved in apoptosis. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=13 |issue= 7 |pages= 1051-60 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10406457 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lehtonen JY, Daviet L, Nahmias C, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ | title = Analysis of functional domains of angiotensin II type 2 receptor involved in apoptosis | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 13 | issue = 7 | pages = 1051–60 | date = July 1999 | pmid = 10406457 | doi = 10.1210/me.13.7.1051 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Knowle D, Ahmed S, Pulakat L |title=Identification of an interaction between the angiotensin II receptor sub-type AT2 and the ErbB3 receptor, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. |journal=Regul. Pept. |volume=87 |issue= 1-3 |pages= 73-82 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10710290 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Knowle D, Ahmed S, Pulakat L | title = Identification of an interaction between the angiotensin II receptor sub-type AT2 and the ErbB3 receptor, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family | journal = Regulatory Peptides | volume = 87 | issue = 1–3 | pages = 73–82 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10710290 | doi = 10.1016/S0167-0115(99)00111-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hansen JL, Servant G, Baranski TJ, ''et al.'' |title=Functional reconstitution of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor and G(i) activation. |journal=Circ. Res. |volume=87 |issue= 9 |pages= 753-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11055978 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hansen JL, Servant G, Baranski TJ, Fujita T, Iiri T, Sheikh SP | title = Functional reconstitution of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor and G(i) activation | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 87 | issue = 9 | pages = 753–9 | date = October 2000 | pmid = 11055978 | doi = 10.1161/01.res.87.9.753 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{NLM content}}
== External links ==
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2202 | title = Angiotensin Receptors: AT<sub>2</sub>  | accessdate = | date = | format = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}
* {{UCSC gene info|AGTR2}}


{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
[[G protein-coupled receptors]]
{{Angiotensin receptor modulators}}


{{WH}}
[[Category:G protein-coupled receptors]]
{{WS}}
[[Category:Genes mutated in mice]]

Latest revision as of 18:00, 24 September 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
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RefSeq (mRNA)

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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Angiotensin II receptor type 2, also known as the AT2 receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AGTR2 gene.[1]

Function

Angiotensin II is a potent pressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. It is an important effector controlling blood pressure and volume in the cardiovascular system. It acts through at least two types of receptors termed AT1 and AT2. AGTR2 belongs to a family 1 of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein. It plays a role in the central nervous system and cardiovascular functions that are mediated by the renin–angiotensin system. This receptor mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis). In adults, it is highly expressed in myometrium with lower levels in adrenal gland and fallopian tube. It is highly expressed in fetal kidney and intestine. The human AGTR2 gene is composed of three exons and spans at least 5 kb. Exons 1 and 2 encode for 5' untranslated mRNA sequence and exon 3 harbors the entire uninterrupted open reading frame.[1]

Stimulation of AT2 by the selective agonist CGP 42112A increases mucosal nitric oxide production.[2]

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of AGTR2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Agtr2tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[5][6] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[7][8][9]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[3][10] Twenty one tests were carried out on mutant mice, but no significant abnormalities were observed.[3]

Interactions

Angiotensin II receptor type 2 has been shown to interact with MTUS1.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: AGTR2 angiotensin II receptor, type 2".
  2. ↑ Ewert S, Laesser M, Johansson B, Holm M, Aneman A, Fandriks L (March 2003). "The angiotensin II receptor type 2 agonist CGP 42112A stimulates NO production in the porcine jejunal mucosa". BMC Pharmacology. 3: 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2210-3-2. PMC 153509. PMID 12689346.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88 (S248): 0. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
  4. ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
  5. ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
  6. ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
  7. ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (June 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
  8. ↑ Dolgin E (June 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
  9. ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
  10. ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (June 2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biology. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.
  11. ↑ Nouet S, Amzallag N, Li JM, Louis S, Seitz I, Cui TX, Alleaume AM, Di Benedetto M, Boden C, Masson M, Strosberg AD, Horiuchi M, Couraud PO, Nahmias C (July 2004). "Trans-inactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases by novel angiotensin II AT2 receptor-interacting protein, ATIP". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (28): 28989–97. doi:10.1074/jbc.M403880200. PMID 15123706.


Further reading

  • de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, Inagami T, Wright JW, Unger T (September 2000). "International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 52 (3): 415–72. PMID 10977869.
  • D'Amore A, Black MJ, Thomas WG (December 2005). "The angiotensin II type 2 receptor causes constitutive growth of cardiomyocytes and does not antagonize angiotensin II type 1 receptor-mediated hypertrophy". Hypertension. 46 (6): 1347–54. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000193504.51489.cf. PMID 16286564.
  • Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuss M, Warnecke C, Holzmeister J, Hildebrandt AG, Fleck E (1997). "Subtype 2 and atypical angiotensin receptors in the human heart". Basic Research in Cardiology. 91 Suppl 2: 73–7. doi:10.1007/bf00795366. PMID 8957548.
  • Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG (December 2001). "Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 281 (6): H2337–65. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2337. PMID 11709400.
  • Takayanagi R, Ohnaka K, Sakai Y, Nakao R, Yanase T, Haji M, Inagami T, Furuta H, Gou DF, Nakamuta M (March 1992). "Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding human type-1 angiotensin II receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 183 (2): 910–6. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)90570-B. PMID 1550596.
  • Hein L, Barsh GS, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ, Kobilka BK (October 1995). "Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice". Nature. 377 (6551): 744–7. doi:10.1038/377744a0. PMID 7477266.
  • Ichiki T, Labosky PA, Shiota C, Okuyama S, Imagawa Y, Fogo A, Niimura F, Ichikawa I, Hogan BL, Inagami T (October 1995). "Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor". Nature. 377 (6551): 748–50. doi:10.1038/377748a0. PMID 7477267.
  • Lazard D, Briend-Sutren MM, Villageois P, Mattei MG, Strosberg AD, Nahmias C (1995). "Molecular characterization and chromosome localization of a human angiotensin II AT2 receptor gene highly expressed in fetal tissues". Receptors & Channels. 2 (4): 271–80. PMID 7719706.
  • Martin MM, Elton TS (April 1995). "The sequence and genomic organization of the human type 2 angiotensin II receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 209 (2): 554–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1537. PMID 7733925.
  • Chassagne C, Beatty BG, Meloche S (January 1995). "Assignment of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene (AGTR2) to chromosome Xq22-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 25 (2): 601–3. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80072-T. PMID 7790004.
  • Koike G, Horiuchi M, Yamada T, Szpirer C, Jacob HJ, Dzau VJ (September 1994). "Human type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene: cloned, mapped to the X chromosome, and its mRNA is expressed in the human lung". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 203 (3): 1842–50. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2402. PMID 7945336.
  • Martin MM, Su B, Elton TS (November 1994). "Molecular cloning of the human angiotensin II type 2 receptor cDNA". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 205 (1): 645–51. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2714. PMID 7999093.
  • Tsuzuki S, Ichiki T, Nakakubo H, Kitami Y, Guo DF, Shirai H, Inagami T (May 1994). "Molecular cloning and expression of the gene encoding human angiotensin II type 2 receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 200 (3): 1449–54. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1613. PMID 8185599.
  • Servant G, Boulay G, Bossé R, Escher E, Guillemette G (May 1993). "Photoaffinity labeling of subtype 2 angiotensin receptor of human myometrium". Molecular Pharmacology. 43 (5): 677–83. PMID 8502225.
  • Yamada T, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ (January 1996). "Angiotensin II type 2 receptor mediates programmed cell death". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (1): 156–60. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.156. PMC 40197. PMID 8552595.
  • Zhang J, Pratt RE (June 1996). "The AT2 receptor selectively associates with Gialpha2 and Gialpha3 in the rat fetus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (25): 15026–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.25.15026. PMID 8663053.
  • Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Minami S, Koike G, Santoro NF, Hsueh AJ, Dzau VJ (March 1997). "Genomic organization and polymorphism of human angiotensin II type 2 receptor: no evidence for its gene mutation in two families of human premature ovarian failure syndrome". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 127 (2): 221–8. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(97)04011-2. PMID 9099917.
  • Akishita M, Ito M, Lehtonen JY, Daviet L, Dzau VJ, Horiuchi M (January 1999). "Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 103 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1172/JCI5182. PMC 407869. PMID 9884335.
  • Lehtonen JY, Daviet L, Nahmias C, Horiuchi M, Dzau VJ (July 1999). "Analysis of functional domains of angiotensin II type 2 receptor involved in apoptosis". Molecular Endocrinology. 13 (7): 1051–60. doi:10.1210/me.13.7.1051. PMID 10406457.
  • Knowle D, Ahmed S, Pulakat L (February 2000). "Identification of an interaction between the angiotensin II receptor sub-type AT2 and the ErbB3 receptor, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family". Regulatory Peptides. 87 (1–3): 73–82. doi:10.1016/S0167-0115(99)00111-1. PMID 10710290.
  • Hansen JL, Servant G, Baranski TJ, Fujita T, Iiri T, Sheikh SP (October 2000). "Functional reconstitution of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor and G(i) activation". Circulation Research. 87 (9): 753–9. doi:10.1161/01.res.87.9.753. PMID 11055978.

External links

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