Dyspnea causes: Difference between revisions

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|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acidosis]], [[goodpasture syndrome]], [[metabolic acidosis]],  [[uremia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acidosis]], [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[metabolic acidosis]],  [[uremia]]
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Revision as of 18:29, 6 July 2015

Dyspnea Microchapters

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dyspnea from other Diseases

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

The four general categories of dyspnea are based on its causes: cardiac, pulmonary, mixed cardiac or pulmonary, and noncardiac or nonpulmonary. Sudden onset of dyspnea (acute dyspnea) is most typically associated with narrowing of the airways or airflow obstruction (bronchospasm), blockage of one of the arteries of the lung (pulmonary embolism), acute heart failure or myocardial infarction, pneumonia, or panic disorder. Long-standing dyspnea (chronic dyspnea) is most often a manifestation of chronic or progressive diseases of the lung and / or heart, such as COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Dyspnea also is experienced by individuals encountering high-altitude sickness (high-altitude pulmonary edema, [HAPE]). This is associated with rapid rate of mountain ascent and normally occurs during the first 1 to 3 days of achieving a high altitude. Dyspnea resolves with use of supplemental oxygen, rapid descent, and occasionally hyperbaric therapy.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute coronary syndromes, angina pectoris, aortic arch anomalies, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, atrioseptal defect, beriberi heart disease, biventricular heart failure, bicalutamide, Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, cardiac disease in pregnancy, cardiac failure, cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cholesterol pericarditis, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, continuous murmur, cor Pulmonale, coronary artery disease, coronary artery fistula, diseases of the pericardium cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis pericardial effusion, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis, heart failure, hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, irregular heart rhythms, ischaemic heart disease, levo-transposition of the great arteries, loeffler's Endocarditis, malignant hypertension, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction, STEMI, patent ductus arteriosus, pericardial effusion, pericardial constriction, perimyocarditis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular failure, shock, shock lung, sipuleucel-T, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid stenosis, tumors of the myocardium, tuberculin, valvular heart disease, ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning Intoxication (carbon monoxide, cyanide)
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen and oxycodone, acetylcysteine, agalsidase beta, aldesleukin, amphotericin B, amyl nitrite, aztreonam, basiliximab, beta-blockers, betazole, bleomycin , bromocriptine, butorphanol, carfilzomib, caspofungin, cefoxitin sodium, cladosporium, clomifene, caspofungin acetate, crizotinib, cromolyn, cefaclor, corticorelin, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, daptomycin, denileukin diftitox, desmopressin, dexpanthenol, disulfiram, drugs, dornase Alfa, efavirenz, enzalutamide, ephedrine, estramustine, febuxostat, felbamate, ferric carboxymaltose,fosaprepitant, fulvestrant, gemcitabine, gemeprost, glatiramer acetate, goserelin, hydroxocobalamin, Ibrutinib, Idelalisib, Iloprost,Imipenem-Cilastatin, Ioxilan,Ketorolac, Leflunomide, Lenalidomide, Letrozole, Levothyroxine, megestrol, mercury, meropenem, mesalamine, methyl isocyanate, mifepristone, minocycline hydrochloride, moxifloxacin ophthalmic, nabumetone, naltrexone, niacin, oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, panitumumab, polidocanol, polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ES), protamine sulfate, pralatrexate, ramucirumab, rimabotulinumtoxinb, rizatriptan, ropinirole, romidepsin, sertraline, sorafenib, sunitinib, teniposide, thalidomide, thallous Chloride Tl 201, tiagabine, tocilizumab, topiramate, tretinoin, zonisamide,zoledronate
Ear Nose Throat Glottic edema, sleep apnea syndrome, empty nose syndrome
Endocrine Diabetic coma, goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Abdominal masses, cirrhosis, diverticulosis, esophageal cancer, esophageal diseases, gastroesophageal reflux, intussusception
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, anemia, blood transfusion, Erdheim-Chester disease, histiocytosis X, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, megaloblastic anemia
Iatrogenic Barium, bronchoscopy, chest tube, empty nose syndrome, radiation pneumonitis
Infectious Disease Acute bronchitis, AIDS, anthrax, aspergillus clavatus, atypical pneumonia, CMV Pneumonitis, community-acquired pneumonia, croup, ehrlichiosis , sepsis, micropolyspora faeni, miliary tuberculosis, pleural empyema, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, sepsis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Kyphoscoliosis, polyradiculitis
Neurologic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain stem infarction, Eaton-Lambert syndrome, encephalitis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, neuromuscular disease, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, phrenic nerve paralysis
Nutritional / Metabolic Acidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic Amniotic fluid embolism, cardiac disease in pregnancy
Oncologic Acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, bronchial tumors, bronchogenic carcinoma, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphangitic metastases, lymphoma, malignant mesothelioma, mediastinal tumors, tracheal tumors, tumors of the myocardium
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anxiety disorders, hysteria, panic attacks
Pulmonary Acute bronchitis , acute chest syndrome, acute tracheobronchitis, air-conditioner lung, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, asbestosis, aspiration, asthma, atelectasis, bird breeder's lung, bird fancier's lung, bronchial asthma, bronchial tumors, bronchiolitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchogenic carcinoma, cheese worker's lung, chemical worker's lung, chest trauma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chylothorax, CMV Pneumonitis, community-acquired pneumonia, cor pulmonale, cystic fibrosis, decreased thoracic or diaphragmatic excursion, diffuse panbronchiolitis, pleural empyema, eosinophilic pneumonia, exercise-induced asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, fat embolism, fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic, Goodpasture syndrome, grain handler's lung, hemochlyothorax, hemothorax, histiocytosis X, humidifier lung, hydrochlyothorax, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hypoxia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, bronchospasm, lung cancer, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, malt worker's lung, miliary tuberculosis, pleural callosity, pneumoconiosis, pneumochlyothorax, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pleural fibrosis, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, shock lung, tracheal stenosis, tracheal tumors, tracheomalacia, tracheobronchial collapse
Renal / Electrolyte Acidosis, Goodpasture syndrome, metabolic acidosis, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergy, anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylaxis, asthma, bronchial asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, mollusk shell hypersensitivity, mucor stolonifer, quincke's edema
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Rib fractures, chest trauma, trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Air pollution, altitude sickness, chronic fatigue syndrome, decompression sickness, epidemic dropsy, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, obesity, sarcoidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order[1][2]

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3

Causes Based on Pathophysiology

Obstructive Lung Diseases

Diseases of Lung Parenchyma and Pleura

Contagious
Non-Contagious

Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

Obstruction of the Airway

Immobilization of the Diaphragm

Restriction of the Chest Volume

References

  1. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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