Arthritis

	WikiDoc Resources for Arthritis
Articles
Most recent articles on Arthritis Most cited articles on Arthritis Review articles on Arthritis Articles on Arthritis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Arthritis Images of Arthritis Photos of Arthritis Podcasts & MP3s on Arthritis Videos on Arthritis
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Arthritis Bandolier on Arthritis TRIP on Arthritis
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Arthritis at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Arthritis Clinical Trials on Arthritis at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Arthritis NICE Guidance on Arthritis NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Arthritis CDC on Arthritis
Books
Books on Arthritis
News
Arthritis in the news Be alerted to news on Arthritis News trends on Arthritis
Commentary
Blogs on Arthritis
Definitions
Definitions of Arthritis
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Arthritis Discussion groups on Arthritis Patient Handouts on Arthritis Directions to Hospitals Treating Arthritis Risk calculators and risk factors for Arthritis
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Arthritis Causes & Risk Factors for Arthritis Diagnostic studies for Arthritis Treatment of Arthritis
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Arthritis
International
Arthritis en Espanol Arthritis en Francais
Businness
Arthritis in the Marketplace Patents on Arthritis
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Arthritis

	Arthritis; Classification and external resources
ICD-10	M00.-M25.
ICD-9	710-719
DiseasesDB	15237
eMedicine	topic list
MeSH	D001168

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Phone:617-525-7431

Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [3] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55.

There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease) occurs following trauma to the joint, following an infection of the joint or simply as a result of aging. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, which are autoimmune diseases in which the body is attacking itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This form of gout is known as pseudogout.

History

While evidence of primary ankle (kaki) osteoarthritis has been discovered in dinosaurs, the first known traces of human arthritis date back as far as 4500 BC. It was noted in skeletal remains of Native Americans found in Tennessee and parts of what is now Olathe, Kansas. Evidence of arthritis has been found throughout history, from Ötzi, a mummy (circa 3000 BC) found along the border of modern Italy and Austria, to the Egyptian mummies circa 2590 BC.

In 1715 William Musgrave published the second edition of his most important medical work De arthritide symptomatica which concerned arthritis and its effects.^[1]

Medical History and Physical Examination

All arthritides feature pain. Patterns of pain differ among the arthritides and the location.

Osteoarthritis is classically worse at night or following rest. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in the morning; in the early stages, patients often do not have symptoms following their morning shower. In elderly people and children, pain may not be the main feature, and the patient simply moves less (elderly) or refuses to use the affected limb (children).

Elements of the history of the pain (onset, number of joints and which involved, duration, aggravating and relieving factors) all guide diagnosis. Physical examination typically confirms diagnosis. Radiographs are often used to follow progression or assess severity in a more quantitative manner.

Blood tests and X-rays of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis.

Screening blood tests may be indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. This may include: rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor (ANF), extractable nuclear antigen and specific antibodies.

Extra-articular features of joint disease ^[1]
cutaneous nodules
cutaneous vasculitic lesions
lymphadenopathy
oedema
ocular inflammation
urethritis
tenosynovitis (tendon sheath effusions)
bursitis (swollen bursa)
diarrhea
oral and genital ulceration

Blood tests and X-rays of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis. Screening blood tests are indicated if certain arthritides are suspected. These might include: rheumatoid factor, antinuclear factor (ANF), extractable nuclear antigen, and specific antibodies.

Types of arthritis

Primary forms of arthritis:

Secondary to other diseases:

Lupus erythematosus
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Psoriatic arthritis
Reactive arthritis
Haemochromatosis
Hepatitis
Wegener's granulomatosis (and many other vasculitis syndromes)
Lyme disease
Familial Mediterranean fever
Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with recurrent fever
TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome
Inflammatory bowel disease (Including Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis)

Diseases that can mimic arthritis include:

Differential Diagnosis of Joint Pain

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include physical and occupational therapy, lifestyle changes (including exercise and weight control), and medications (symptomatic or targeted at the disease process causing the arthritis). Arthroplasty (joint replacement surgery) may be required in eroding forms of arthritis.

In general, studies have shown that physical exercising of the affected joint can have noticeable improvement in terms of long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercising of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person.^[1]

Another form of non-drug treatment that does have a body of proper research to support its efficacy is marine oil, from both fish and the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus). Diets high in marine oils from cold-water fish such as salmon, mackerel, and tuna have been shown to reduce the inflammation of joint conditions such as arthritis. Massage on joints with neem oil has reported improvement in chronic and acute cases.

References

External links

da:Gigt de:Arthritis eo:Artrito fr:Arthrite io:Artrito ia:Arthritis it:Artrosi he:דלקת פרקים nl:Artritis ja:関節リウマチ no:Leddgikt fi:Niveltulehdus uk:Артрит ur:سوزش مفصل

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .

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v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Arthritis
Articles on Arthritis	Most recent articles on Arthritis • Most cited articles on Arthritis • Review articles on Arthritis • Articles on Arthritis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Arthritis	Powerpoint slides on Arthritis • Images of Arthritis • Photos of Arthritis • Podcasts & MP3s on Arthritis • Videos on Arthritis
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Arthritis	Cochrane Collaboration on Arthritis • Bandolier on Arthritis • TRIP on Arthritis
Cost Effectiveness of Arthritis	Cost Effectiveness of Arthritis
Clinical Trials Involving Arthritis	Ongoing Trials on Arthritis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Arthritis • Clinical Trials on Arthritis at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Arthritis	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Arthritis • NICE Guidance on Arthritis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Arthritis • CDC on Arthritis
Textbook Information on Arthritis	Books and Textbook Information on Arthritis
Pharmacology Resources on Arthritis	Dosing of Arthritis • Drug interactions with Arthritis • Side effects of Arthritis • Allergic reactions to Arthritis • Overdose information on Arthritis • Carcinogenicity information on Arthritis • Arthritis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Arthritis •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Arthritis	Genetics of Arthritis • Pharmacogenomics of Arthritis • Proteomics of Arthritis
Newstories on Arthritis	Arthritis in the news • Be alerted to news on Arthritis • News trends on Arthritis
Commentary on Arthritis	Blogs on Arthritis
Patient Resources on Arthritis	Patient resources on Arthritis • Discussion groups on Arthritis • Patient Handouts on Arthritis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Arthritis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Arthritis
Healthcare Provider Resources on Arthritis	Symptoms of Arthritis • Causes & Risk Factors for Arthritis • Diagnostic studies for Arthritis • Treatment of Arthritis
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Arthritis	CME Programs on Arthritis
International Resources on Arthritis	Arthritis en Espanol • Arthritis en Francais
Business Resources on Arthritis	Arthritis in the Marketplace • Patents on Arthritis
Informatics Resources on Arthritis	List of terms related to Arthritis

v • d • e Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M, 710-739)
Arthropathies	Arthritis (Septic arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae) Protrusio acetabuli - Hemarthrosis - Arthralgia - Osteophyte
Systemic connective tissue disorders	Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjögren's syndrome - Behçet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility
Dorsopathies	Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Torticollis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Neck pain, Sciatica, Low back pain)
Soft tissue disorders	muscle: Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) synovium and tendon: Synovitis/Tenosynovitis (Calcific tendinitis, Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Irritable hip - Ganglion cyst bursa: bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - Baker's cyst fibroblastic disorders (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) shoulder lesions: Adhesive capsulitis - Rotator cuff tear - Subacromial bursitis enthesis: enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Patellar tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) other, NEC: Muscle weakness - Rheumatism - Myalgia - Neuralgia - Neuritis - Panniculitis - Fibromyalgia
Osteopathies	disorders of bone density and structure: Osteoporosis - Osteomalacia - continuity of bone (Pseudarthrosis, Stress fracture) - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Hyperostosis - Osteosclerosis Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis - Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Chondropathies	Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Köhler disease, Sever's disease) - Osteochondritis - Tietze's syndrome
See also congenital conditions (Q65-Q79, 754-756)

v • d • e Geriatrics
Health in Geriatrics	Physical activity in the elderly • Nutrition and diet in the elderly • Hypertension in the elderly • Sexual function in the elderly • Cardiovascular disease prevention in the elderly • Respiratory disease and flu prevention in the elderly • Cancer screening in the elderly • Endocrine function and metabolism in the elderly • Longevity • Rejuvenation • Anti-aging • Nursing in the elderly • Physical therapy and rehabilitation • Myocardial infarction in the elderly • Bladder control problems • Encopresis • Bening prostatic hypertrophy • Pressure ulcers
Psychiatric conditions	Dementia • Delirium • Depression • Sleep disorders • Memory loss •
Palliative care	Hearing impairment • Visual impairment •
Cardiovascular system	Hypertension • Syncope • Coronary artery disease • Myocardial infarction • Peripheral arterial disease • Carotid bruit • Heart murmurs • Chest pain • Syncope in the elderly
Respiratory system	Dyspnea • Orthopnoea • Stridor • Wheeze • Hyperventilation • Mouth breathing • Hiccup • Bradypnea • Hypoventilation • Asphyxia • Pleurisy • Respiratory arrest • Sputum • Rales •
Oncology related issues	Hyperplasia • Cyst • Pseudocyst • Hamartoma • Benign tumor • Colorectal cancer • Dysplasia • Carcinoma in situ • Cancer • Metastasis • Oral • Head/Neck • Nasopharyngeal • Staging/grading • Carcinogenesis • Carcinogen • Research • Paraneoplastic syndrome Digestive system: (Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Colon/rectum • Appendix • Anus) • glands (Liver • Bile duct • Gallbladder • Pancreas) Respiratory system: Larynx • Lung • Bone, articular cartilage, skin, and connective tissue: Bone • (Tailbone) • Skin • Blood Urogenital: Breast and female genital organs (Breast • Vagina • Cervix, Uterus • Endometrium • Ovaries) Male genital organs (Penis • Prostate • Testicles) • urinary organs (Kidney • Bladder) Nervous system: Eye • (Uvea) • Brain • (Choroid plexus) Endocrine system: Thyroid (Papillary • Follicular, Medullary • Anaplastic) • Adrenal tumor • (Adrenocortical carcinoma • Pheochromocytoma) • Pituitary
Neurological system	Alzheimer disease • Parkinson's disease • Stroke •
Rheumatologic and Musculosceletal system	Difficulty walking • Falls and Injuries • Arthritis • Sarcopenia •
Hepatic and Gastrointestinal system	Difficulty swallowing • Malnutrition •
Endocrine system and metabolism	Diabetes mellitus • Thyroid disease • Osteoporosis •