Hyperuricemia
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Overview
| Asymptomatic hyperuricemia Classification and external resources | |
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| Uric acid | |
| ICD-10 | E79.0 |
| ICD-9 | 790.6 |
| DiseasesDB | 5375 |
| eMedicine | med/1112 |
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Hyperuricemia (American English), or hyperuricaemia (British English), is the presence of high levels of uric acid in the blood. The upper end of the normal range is 360 micromol/L (6 mg/dL) for women and 400 micromol/L (6.8 mg/dL) for men. [1]
Causes
Hyperuricemia is caused either by accelerated generation of uric acid through purine metabolism or by impaired excretion in the kidney, or by high levels of fructose in the diet.[1][1]
Consumption of purine-rich diets is one of the main causes of hyperuricemia. Other dietary causes are ingestion of high protein and fat, and starvation. Starvation results in the body metabolizing its own muscle mass for energy, in the process releasing purines into the bloodstream. Purine bases composition of foods varies. Foods with higher content of purine bases adenine and hypoxanthine are suggested to be more potent in exacerbating hyperuricemia.[1]
Humans lack urate oxidase, an enzyme which degrades uric acid. Increased levels predispose for gout and (if very high) renal failure. Apart from normal variation (with a genetic component), tumor lysis syndrome produces extreme levels of uric acid, mainly leading to renal failure. The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is also associated with extremely high levels of uric acid. The Metabolic syndrome often presents with hyperuricemia, while a hyperuricemic syndrome is also common in Dalmatian dogs.
Treatment
- Aquaretics
- Allopurinol (200-300mg by mouth once daily) use is controversial. By reducing uric acid production in the body, uric acid stores in the body could be mobilized leading to nephrolithiasis or gout.
- Alkalinizing the urine with Sodium Bicarbonate, Stohl's Solution, or Acetazolamide.
- Low purine diet (see gout).
- Febuxostat has been investigated.[1]
See also
External links
- REN87 at FPnotebook
- Purine Content of Food at dietaryfiberfood.com
References
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
