Uveitis
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| Uveitis Classification and external resources | |
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| Hypopyon in anterior uveitis, seen as yellowish exudate in lower part of anterior chamber of eye | |
| ICD-10 | H20. |
| ICD-9 | 364 |
| DiseasesDB | 13676 |
| eMedicine | oph/580 emerg/284 |
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WikiDoc Resources for Uveitis | |
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Most recent articles on Uveitis | |
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Ongoing Trials on Uveitis at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Uveitis at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Uveitis
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Uveitis Risk calculators and risk factors for Uveitis
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Causes & Risk Factors for Uveitis | |
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Uveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the "uvea" but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye.
Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10% of the blindness in the United States.
Uveitis requires an urgent referral and thorough examination by an ophthalmologist, along with urgent treatment to control the inflammation.
Types
Uveitis is usually categorized anatomically into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitic forms.
- Anywhere from two-thirds to 90% of uveitis cases are anterior in location (anterior uveitis), frequently termed iritis - or inflammation of the iris and anterior chamber. This condition can occur as a single episode and subside with proper treatment or may take on a recurrent or chronic nature. Symptoms include red eye, injected conjunctiva, pain and decreased vision. Signs include dilated ciliary vessels, presence of cells and flare in the anterior chamber, and keratic precipitates ("KP") on the posterior surface of the cornea.
- Intermediate uveitis consists of vitritis - inflammatory cells in the vitreous cavity, sometimes with snowbanking, or deposition of inflammatory material on the pars plana.
- Posterior uveitis is the inflammation of the retina and choroid.
- Pan-uveitis is the inflammation of all the layers of the uvea.
Causes
A myriad of conditions can lead to the development of uveitis, including systemic diseases as well as syndromes confined to the eye. In anterior uveitis, no specific diagnosis is made in approximately one-half of cases. However, anterior uveitis is often one of the syndromes associated with HLA-B27.
Systemic disorders causing uveitis
Systemic disorders that can cause uveitis include: White G. "Uveitis." AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.</ref>
- Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Behçet's disease
- Birdshot retinochoroidopathy
- Brucellosis
- Herpes simplex
- Herpes zoster
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- Kawasaki disease
- Leptospirosis
- Lyme disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reiter's syndrome
- Sarcoidosis
- Syphilis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Toxocariasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
- Whipple disease
Masquerade syndromes
Masquerade syndromes are ophthalmic disorders that clinically present as either an anterior or posterior uveitis, but are not primarily inflammatory. The following are some of the most common:
- Anterior segment
- Intraocular foreign body
- Juvenile xanthogranuloma
- Leukemia
- Malignant melanoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Retinal detachment
- Posterior segment
- Lymphoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Multiple sclerosis
- Reticulum cell sarcoma
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Retinoblastoma
Symptoms
- Redness of the eye
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Dark, floating spots along the visual field
- Eye pain
Treatment
The prognosis is generally good for those who receive prompt diagnosis and treatment, but serious complication (including cataracts, glaucoma, band keratopathy, retinal edema and permanent vision loss) may result if left untreated. The type of uveitis, as well as its severity, duration, and responsiveness to treatment or any associated illnesses, all factor in to the outlook.[3]
Uveitis is typically treated with glucocorticoid steroids, either as topical eye drops (such as betamethasone, dexamethasone or prednisolone) or oral therapy with prednisolone tablets. In addition topical cycloplegics, such as atropine or homatropine, may be used. In some cases an injection of PSTTA can also be given to reduce the swelling of the eye. [1]
Antimetabolite medications, such as methotrexate are often used for recalcitrant or more aggressive cases of uveitis. Experimental treatment with Infliximab infusions may prove helpful.
See also
- List of eye diseases and disorders
- List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
- Intermediate uveitis
References
External links
- The Heidelberg DiagnoseFinder - a web application to find common uveitis diseases in their typical manifestation (english/german)
- http://www.uveitissociety.org
- http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001005.htm
- Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center Heidelberg, Germany
- http://www.uveitis.org
- http://www.preventblindness.org/uveitis
WikiDoc Research Resources for Uveitis | |
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| Articles on Uveitis | Most recent articles on Uveitis • Most cited articles on Uveitis • Review articles on Uveitis • Articles on Uveitis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Uveitis | Powerpoint slides on Uveitis • Images of Uveitis • Photos of Uveitis • Podcasts & MP3s on Uveitis • Videos on Uveitis |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Uveitis | Cochrane Collaboration on Uveitis • Bandolier on Uveitis • TRIP on Uveitis |
| Cost Effectiveness of Uveitis | Cost Effectiveness of Uveitis |
| Clinical Trials Involving Uveitis | Ongoing Trials on Uveitis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Uveitis • Clinical Trials on Uveitis at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Uveitis | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Uveitis • NICE Guidance on Uveitis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Uveitis • CDC on Uveitis |
| Textbook Information on Uveitis | Books and Textbook Information on Uveitis |
| Pharmacology Resources on Uveitis | Dosing of Uveitis • Drug interactions with Uveitis • Side effects of Uveitis • Allergic reactions to Uveitis • Overdose information on Uveitis • Carcinogenicity information on Uveitis • Uveitis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Uveitis • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Uveitis | Genetics of Uveitis • Pharmacogenomics of Uveitis • Proteomics of Uveitis |
| Newstories on Uveitis | Uveitis in the news • Be alerted to news on Uveitis • News trends on Uveitis |
| Commentary on Uveitis | Blogs on Uveitis |
| Patient Resources on Uveitis | Patient resources on Uveitis • Discussion groups on Uveitis • Patient Handouts on Uveitis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Uveitis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Uveitis |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Uveitis | Symptoms of Uveitis • Causes & Risk Factors for Uveitis • Diagnostic studies for Uveitis • Treatment of Uveitis |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Uveitis | CME Programs on Uveitis |
| International Resources on Uveitis | Uveitis en Espanol • Uveitis en Francais |
| Business Resources on Uveitis | Uveitis in the Marketplace • Patents on Uveitis |
| Informatics Resources on Uveitis | List of terms related to Uveitis |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
