Hyperphosphatemia
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Hyperphosphatemia Classification and external resources | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Phosphate group chemical structure | |
| ICD-9 | 275.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 20722 |
| eMedicine | med/1097 |
| MeSH | D054559 |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Hyperphosphatemia | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Most recent articles on Hyperphosphatemia Most cited articles on Hyperphosphatemia | |
|
Media | |
|
Powerpoint slides on Hyperphosphatemia | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Cochrane Collaboration on Hyperphosphatemia | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Hyperphosphatemia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hyperphosphatemia Clinical Trials on Hyperphosphatemia at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hyperphosphatemia NICE Guidance on Hyperphosphatemia
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Patient resources on Hyperphosphatemia Discussion groups on Hyperphosphatemia Patient Handouts on Hyperphosphatemia Directions to Hospitals Treating Hyperphosphatemia Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperphosphatemia
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Hyperphosphatemia | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Business | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally elevated level of phosphate in the blood. Often, calcium levels are lowered (hypocalcemia) due to precipitation of phosphate with the calcium in tissues.
Differential diagnosis of causes
It can be caused by hypoparathyroidism due to the lack of PTH effect of inhibiting renal reabsorption of phosophate.
Independent of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) regulates the sodium/phosphate cotransporter (NPT2a) by controlling renal expressions of key enzymes of vitamin D metabolism.[1] Both NPT2a and NPT2c are regulated in a similar fashion by parathyroid hormone (PTH), FGF23, and dietary phosphate.[2]
There are two rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorders characterized by hyperphosphatemia:
hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC)[3]
and
hyperphosphatemia-hyperostosis syndrome (HHS)[4].
The principal clinical features of HFTC are represented by ectopic periarticular calcifications associated with hyperphosphatemia.[3] HFTC has been shown to result from mutations in two genes: GALNT3 and FGF23.[5] The secretion of FGF23 requires O-glycosylation, which is selectively directed by GALNT3, to block processing of FGF23.[6]
Hyperphosphatemia-hyperostosis syndrome (HHS) is also characterized by radiological evidence of cortical hyperostosis.[4] HHS is caused by mutations in GALNT3.[7] HHS and HFTC may be different manifestations of the same disorder.[7]
Hyperphosphatemia is also commonly seen in chronic renal failure.
This can also be caused by taking oral sodium phosphate solutions prescribed for bowel preparation for colonoscopy in children.
Hyperphosphatemia can be induced by using hyperphosphate.[8]
Treatment
High phosphate levels can be avoided with phosphate binders and dietary restriction of phosphate.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms include ectopic calcification, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and renal osteodystrophy. α-Klotho has been implicated in the renal and parathyroid response to hyperphosphatemia.[9] In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) the expression of osteopontin in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is associated with hyperphosphatemia or azotemia.[10]
References
- ↑ Shimada T, Hasegawa H, Yamazaki Y, Muto T, Hino R, Takeuchi Y, Fujita T, Nakahara K, Fukumoto S, Yamashita T (Mar 2004). "FGF-23 Is a Potent Regulator of Vitamin D Metabolism and Phosphate Homeostasis". J Bone Miner Res. 19 (3): 429-35. doi:10.1359/JBMR.0301264. PMID 15040831.
- ↑ Bergwitz C, Roslin NM, Tieder M, Loredo-Osti JC, Bastepe M, Abu-Zahra H, Frappier D, Burkett K, Carpenter TO, Anderson D, Garabedian M, Sermet I, Fujiwara TM, Morgan K, Tenenhouse HS, Juppner H (Feb 2006). "SLC34A3 mutations in patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria predict a key role for the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIc in maintaining phosphate homeostasis". Am J Hum Genet. 78 (2): 179-92. PMID 16358214.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barbieri AM, Filopanti M, Bua G, Beck-Peccoz P (2007). "Two novel nonsense mutations in GALNT3 gene are responsible for familial tumoral calcinosis". J Hum Genet. 52 (5): 464-8. PMID 17351710.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Frishberg Y, Topaz O, Bergman R, Behar D, Fisher D, Gordon D, Richard G, Sprecher E (Jan 2005). "Identification of a recurrent mutation in GALNT3 demonstrates that hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome and familial tumoral calcinosis are allelic disorders". J Mol Med. 83 (1): 33-8. PMID 15599692.
- ↑ Specktor P, Cooper JG, Indelman M, Sprecher E (2006). "Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis caused by a mutation in GALNT3 in a European kindred". J Hum Genet. 51 (5): 487-90. PMID 16528452.
- ↑ Kato K, Jeanneau C, Tarp MA, Benet-Pagès A, Lorenz-Depiereux B, Bennett EP, Mandel U, Strom TM, Clausen H (Jul 2006). "Polypeptide GalNAc-transferase T3 and familial tumoral calcinosis. Secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 requires O-glycosylation". J Biol Chem. 281 (27): 18370-7. PMID 16638743.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ichikawa S, Guigonis V, Imel EA, Courouble M, Heissat S, Henley JD, Sorenson AH, Petit B, Lienhardt A, Econs MJ (May 2007). "Novel GALNT3 mutations causing hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome result in low intact fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92 (5): 1943-7. PMID 17311862.
- ↑ Lu W, Wang X, Zhao X (Nov 2007). "Study of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification induced by hyperphosphate and intervented by phosphonoformic acid". J Nanjing Med Univ. 21 (6): 377-81. doi:10.1016/S1007-4376(07)60082-3.
- ↑ Brownstein CA, Adler F, Nelson-Williams C, Iijima J, Li P, Imura A, Nabeshima Y, Reyes-Mugica M, Carpenter TO, Lifton RP (Mar 2008). "A translocation causing increased α-Klotho level results in hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105 (9): 3455-60. doi:10.1073/pnas.0712361105. PMID 18308935.
- ↑ Nakamura H, Honda H, Inada Y, Kato N, Kato K, Kitazawa K, Sugisaki T (Jun 2006). "Osteopontin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in patients with end-stage renal disease". Ther Apher Dial. 10 (3): 273-7. PMID 16817793.
External links
- Hyperphosphatemia and controlling phosphorus - phosphoruscontrol.com
Mineral metabolic pathology (E83, 275) | |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Cu Wilson's disease/Menkes disease
Fe Haemochromatosis, Aceruloplasminemia, Atransferrinemia Zn Acrodermatitis enteropathica PO43− Hypophosphatemia/Hypophosphatasia Mg2+ Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia Ca2+ Hypercalcaemia/Hypocalcaemia/Disorders of calcium metabolism Biotin Biotinidase deficiency, Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
