Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis Microchapters
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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Osteoporosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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CT

MRI

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Treatment

Medical Therapy

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Secondary Prevention

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Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Osteoporosis On the Web

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Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

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FDA on Osteoporosis

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Directions to Hospitals Treating Osteoporosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteoporosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Osteoporosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Bone healing
Back pain
bone mineral density
Dental x-ray
Osteopetrosis, the opposite of osteoporosis
Osteoimmunology

External links

Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases (including osteoporosis) by a Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation (2003)

v • d • e Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M, 710-739)
Arthropathies	Arthritis (Septic arthritis, Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriatic arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Still's disease) - crystal (Gout, Chondrocalcinosis) - Osteoarthritis (Heberden's node, Bouchard's nodes) acquired deformities of fingers and toes (Boutonniere deformity, Bunion, Hallux rigidus, Hallux varus, Hammer toe) - other acquired deformities of limbs (Valgus deformity, Varus deformity, Wrist drop, Foot drop, Flat feet, Club foot, Unequal leg length, Winged scapula) patella (Luxating patella, Chondromalacia patellae) Protrusio acetabuli - Hemarthrosis - Arthralgia - Osteophyte
Systemic connective tissue disorders	Polyarteritis nodosa - Churg-Strauss syndrome - Kawasaki disease - Hypersensitivity vasculitis - Goodpasture's syndrome - Wegener's granulomatosis - Arteritis (Takayasu's arteritis, Temporal arteritis) - Microscopic polyangiitis - Systemic lupus erythematosus (Drug-induced) - Dermatomyositis (Juvenile dermatomyositis) - Polymyositis - Scleroderma - Sjögren's syndrome - Behçet's disease - Polymyalgia rheumatica - Eosinophilic fasciitis - Hypermobility
Dorsopathies	Kyphosis - Lordosis - Scoliosis - Scheuermann's disease - Spondylolysis - Torticollis - Spondylolisthesis - Spondylopathies (Ankylosing spondylitis, Spondylosis, Spinal stenosis) - Schmorl's nodes - Degenerative disc disease - Coccydynia - Back pain (Radiculopathy, Neck pain, Sciatica, Low back pain)
Soft tissue disorders	muscle: Myositis - Myositis ossificans (Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva) synovium and tendon: Synovitis/Tenosynovitis (Calcific tendinitis, Stenosing tenosynovitis, Trigger finger, DeQuervain's syndrome) - Irritable hip - Ganglion cyst bursa: bursitis (Olecranon, Prepatellar, Trochanteric) - Baker's cyst fibroblastic disorders (Dupuytren's contracture, Plantar fasciitis, Nodular fasciitis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Fasciitis, Fibromatosis) shoulder lesions: Adhesive capsulitis - Rotator cuff tear - Subacromial bursitis enthesis: enthesopathies (Iliotibial band syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Patellar tendinitis, Golfer's elbow, Tennis elbow, Metatarsalgia, Bone spur, Tendinitis) other, NEC: Muscle weakness - Rheumatism - Myalgia - Neuralgia - Neuritis - Panniculitis - Fibromyalgia
Osteopathies	disorders of bone density and structure: Osteoporosis - Osteomalacia - continuity of bone (Pseudarthrosis, Stress fracture) - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia - Skeletal fluorosis - Aneurysmal bone cyst - Hyperostosis - Osteosclerosis Osteomyelitis - Avascular necrosis - Paget's disease of bone - Algoneurodystrophy - Osteolysis - Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Chondropathies	Juvenile osteochondrosis (Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome, Osgood-Schlatter disease, Köhler disease, Sever's disease) - Osteochondritis - Tietze's syndrome
See also congenital conditions (Q65-Q79, 754-756)

v • d • e Geriatrics
Health in Geriatrics	Physical activity in the elderly • Nutrition and diet in the elderly • Hypertension in the elderly • Sexual function in the elderly • Cardiovascular disease prevention in the elderly • Respiratory disease and flu prevention in the elderly • Cancer screening in the elderly • Endocrine function and metabolism in the elderly • Longevity • Rejuvenation • Anti-aging • Nursing in the elderly • Physical therapy and rehabilitation • Myocardial infarction in the elderly • Bladder control problems • Encopresis • Bening prostatic hypertrophy • Pressure ulcers
Psychiatric conditions	Dementia • Delirium • Depression • Sleep disorders in the elderly • Memory loss •
Palliative care	Hearing impairment • Visual impairment •
Cardiovascular system	Hypertension • Syncope • Coronary artery disease • Myocardial infarction • Peripheral arterial disease • Carotid bruit • Heart murmurs • Chest pain • Syncope in the elderly
Respiratory system	Dyspnea • Orthopnoea • Stridor • Wheeze • Hyperventilation • Mouth breathing • Hiccup • Bradypnea • Hypoventilation • Asphyxia • Pleurisy • Respiratory arrest • Sputum • Rales •
Oncology related issues	Hyperplasia • Cyst • Pseudocyst • Hamartoma • Benign tumor • Colorectal cancer • Dysplasia • Carcinoma in situ • Cancer • Metastasis • Oral • Head/Neck • Nasopharyngeal • Staging/grading • Carcinogenesis • Carcinogen • Research • Paraneoplastic syndrome Digestive system: (Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Colon/rectum • Appendix • Anus) • glands (Liver • Bile duct • Gallbladder • Pancreas) Respiratory system: Larynx • Lung • Bone, articular cartilage, skin, and connective tissue: Bone • (Tailbone) • Skin • Blood Urogenital: Breast and female genital organs (Breast • Vagina • Cervix, Uterus • Endometrium • Ovaries) Male genital organs (Penis • Prostate • Testicles) • urinary organs (Kidney • Bladder) Nervous system: Eye • (Uvea) • Brain • (Choroid plexus) Endocrine system: Thyroid (Papillary • Follicular, Medullary • Anaplastic) • Adrenal tumor • (Adrenocortical carcinoma • Pheochromocytoma) • Pituitary
Neurological system	Alzheimer disease • Parkinson's disease • Stroke •
Rheumatologic and Musculosceletal system	Difficulty walking • Falls and Injuries • Arthritis • Sarcopenia •
Hepatic and Gastrointestinal system	Difficulty swallowing • Malnutrition •
Endocrine system and metabolism	Diabetes mellitus • Thyroid disease • Osteoporosis •