Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4

Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4
Identifiers
Symbols	GRM4 ; GPRC1D; MGLUR4; mGlu4
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 20230
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE GRM4 210234 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4, also known as GRM4, is a human gene.

L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities.

See also

• Metabotropic glutamate receptor

Further reading

• Flor PJ, Lukic S, Rüegg D; et al. (1995). "Molecular cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4". Neuropharmacology. 34 (2): 149–55. PMID 7617140.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Makoff A, Lelchuk R, Oxer M; et al. (1996). "Molecular characterization and localization of human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 37 (1–2): 239–48. PMID 8738157.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Scherer SW, Duvoisin RM, Kuhn R; et al. (1997). "Localization of two metabotropic glutamate receptor genes, GRM3 and GRM8, to human chromosome 7q". Genomics. 31 (2): 230–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0036. PMID 8824806.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gomeza J, Mary S, Brabet I; et al. (1996). "Coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 4 to G alpha 15, G alpha 16, and chimeric G alpha q/i proteins: characterization of new antagonists". Mol. Pharmacol. 50 (4): 923–30. PMID 8863838.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Wu S, Wright RA, Rockey PK; et al. (1998). "Group III human metabotropic glutamate receptors 4, 7 and 8: molecular cloning, functional expression, and comparison of pharmacological properties in RGT cells". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 53 (1–2): 88–97. PMID 9473604.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fu M, Wang C, Reutens AT; et al. (2000). "p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein-associated factor acetylate the androgen receptor at sites governing hormone-dependent transactivation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (27): 20853–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000660200. PMID 10779504.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Barbon A, Ferraboli S, Barlati S (2000). "Assignment of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor gene GRM4 to chromosome 6 band p21.3 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 88 (3–4): 210. PMID 10828590.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ohtsuki T, Toru M, Arinami T (2002). "Mutation screening of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4 (GRM4) gene in patients with schizophrenia". Psychiatr. Genet. 11 (2): 79–83. PMID 11525421.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Erdemir T, Bilican B, Oncel D; et al. (2002). "DNA damage-dependent interaction of the nuclear matrix protein C1D with Translin-associated factor X (TRAX)". J. Cell. Sci. 115 (Pt 1): 207–16. PMID 11801738.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Collard CD, Park KA, Montalto MC; et al. (2002). "Neutrophil-derived glutamate regulates vascular endothelial barrier function". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 14801–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110557200. PMID 11847215.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Enz R (2002). "The actin-binding protein Filamin-A interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7". FEBS Lett. 514 (2–3): 184–8. PMID 11943148.
• Gaughan L, Logan IR, Cook S; et al. (2002). "Tip60 and histone deacetylase 1 regulate androgen receptor activity through changes to the acetylation status of the receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 25904–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203423200. PMID 11994312.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK; et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Iacovelli L, Capobianco L, Iula M; et al. (2004). "Regulation of mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling by type-2 G-protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK2)". Mol. Pharmacol. 65 (5): 1103–10. doi:10.1124/mol.65.5.1103. PMID 15102938.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hermit MB, Greenwood JR, Bräuner-Osborne H (2004). "Mutation-induced quisqualic acid and ibotenic acid affinity at the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4: ligand selectivity results from a synergy of several amino acid residues". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (33): 34811–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404109200. PMID 15184361.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yoo BC, Jeon E, Hong SH; et al. (2005). "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated 5-Fluorouracil resistance in a human colon cancer cell line". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (12 Pt 1): 4176–84. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-1114-03. PMID 15217955.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chang HJ, Yoo BC, Lim SB; et al. (2005). "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its prognostic significance". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (9): 3288–95. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1912. PMID 15867225.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mathiesen JM, Ramirez MT (2006). "The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is internalized and desensitized upon protein kinase C activation". Br. J. Pharmacol. 148 (3): 279–90. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706733. PMID 16582932.
• Iacovelli L, Arcella A, Battaglia G; et al. (2006). "Pharmacological activation of mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits the growth of medulloblastomas". J. Neurosci. 26 (32): 8388–97. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2285-06.2006. PMID 16899734.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.