Melanocortin 3 receptor: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Melanocortin receptor 3''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MC3R'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8463333">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gantz I, Konda Y, Tashiro T, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Munzert G, Watson SJ, DelValle J, Yamada T | title = Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 268 | issue = 11 | pages = 8246–50 | date = April 1993 | pmid = 8463333 | pmc = | doi =  }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MC3R melanocortin 3 receptor| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4159| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Melanocortin 3 receptor
| HGNCid = 6931
| Symbol = MC3R
| AltSymbols =; MC3
| OMIM = 155540
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 7412
| MGIid = 96929
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MC3R_221442_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004977 |text = melanocortin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007187 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007200 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4159
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000124089
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_063941
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_019888
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 20
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 54257195
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 54258278
    | Hs_Uniprot = P41968
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17201
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000038537
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008561
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032587
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 171939697
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 171942319
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3ZAT4
  }}
}}
'''Melanocortin 3 receptor''', also known as '''MC3R''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MC3R melanocortin 3 receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4159| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes MC<sub>3</sub>, a [[G-protein coupled receptor]] for [[melanocyte-stimulating hormone]] and [[adrenocorticotropic hormone]] that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. This gene maps to the same region as the locus for benign neonatal epilepsy. Mice deficient for this gene have increased fat mass despite decreased food intake suggesting a role for this gene product in the regulation of energy homeostasis.<ref name="entrez" />
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. This gene maps to the same region as the locus for benign neonatal epilepsy. Mice deficient for this gene have increased fat mass despite decreased food intake suggesting a role for this gene product in the regulation of energy homeostasis.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MC3R melanocortin 3 receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4159| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
==Research==
Studies performed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [https://www.nichd.nih.gov/Pages/index.aspx (NICHD)], found that two specific polymorphisms in the MC3R gene may be associated with pediatric obesity and greater body mass because of greater energy intake. Children who were homozygous for C17A + G241A consumed approximately 38% more than those who did not contain aforementioned polymorphisms. The study concluded that these genetic variants did not affect energy expenditure.<ref name="pmid19656839">{{cite journal | vauthors = Savastano DM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Han JC, Ning C, Sorg RA, Roza CA, Wolkoff LE, Anandalingam K, Jefferson-George KS, Figueroa RE, Sanford EL, Brady S, Kozlosky M, Schoeller DA, Yanovski JA | title = Energy intake and energy expenditure among children with polymorphisms of the melanocortin-3 receptor | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 90 | issue = 4 | pages = 912–20 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19656839 | pmc = 2744620 | doi = 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27537 }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Melanocortin receptor]]
* [[Melanocortin receptor]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|35em}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin|35em}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Magenis RE, Smith L, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR, Mountjoy KG, Cone RD | title = Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human | journal = Mammalian Genome | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = 503–8 | date = August 1994 | pmid = 7949735 | doi = 10.1007/BF00369320 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Konda Y, Gantz I, DelValle J, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Yamada T | title = Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 269 | issue = 18 | pages = 13162–6 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8175743 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Magenis RE, Smith L, Nadeau JH, ''et al.'' |title=Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human. |journal=Mamm. Genome |volume=5 |issue= 8 |pages= 503-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7949735 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gantz I, Tashiro T, Barcroft C, Konda Y, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Glover T, Munzert G, Yamada T | title = Localization of the genes encoding the melanocortin-2 (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and melanocortin-3 receptors to chromosomes 18p11.2 and 20q13.2-q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization | journal = Genomics | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 166–7 | date = October 1993 | pmid = 8276410 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1993.1448 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Konda Y, Gantz I, DelValle J, ''et al.'' |title=Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 18 |pages= 13162-6 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8175743 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Dickinson C, Yamada T, Barsh GS, Gantz I | title = Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 274–80 | date = March 1997 | pmid = 9058374 | doi = 10.1210/me.11.3.274 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gantz I, Tashiro T, Barcroft C, ''et al.'' |title=Localization of the genes encoding the melanocortin-2 (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and melanocortin-3 receptors to chromosomes 18p11.2 and 20q13.2-q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. |journal=Genomics |volume=18 |issue= 1 |pages= 166-7 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8276410 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1993.1448 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tota MR, Smith TS, Mao C, MacNeil T, Mosley RT, Van der Ploeg LH, Fong TM | title = Molecular interaction of Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein with human melanocortin receptors | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 897–904 | date = January 1999 | pmid = 9893984 | doi = 10.1021/bi9815602 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gantz I, Konda Y, Tashiro T, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 11 |pages= 8246-50 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8463333 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = McNulty JC, Thompson DA, Bolin KA, Wilken J, Barsh GS, Millhauser GL | title = High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 40 | issue = 51 | pages = 15520–7 | date = December 2001 | pmid = 11747427 | doi = 10.1021/bi0117192 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, ''et al.'' |title=Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 274-80 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9058374 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lee YS, Poh LK, Loke KY | title = A novel melanocortin 3 receptor gene (MC3R) mutation associated with severe obesity | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 87 | issue = 3 | pages = 1423–6 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11889220 | doi = 10.1210/jc.87.3.1423 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tota MR, Smith TS, Mao C, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular interaction of Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein with human melanocortin receptors. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=38 |issue= 3 |pages= 897-904 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9893984 |doi= 10.1021/bi9815602 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qian S, Chen H, Weingarth D, Trumbauer ME, Novi DE, Guan X, Yu H, Shen Z, Feng Y, Frazier E, Chen A, Camacho RE, Shearman LP, Gopal-Truter S, MacNeil DJ, Van der Ploeg LH, Marsh DJ | title = Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide Y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 14 | pages = 5027–35 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12077332 | pmc = 139785 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.22.14.5027-5035.2002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=McNulty JC, Thompson DA, Bolin KA, ''et al.'' |title=High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=40 |issue= 51 |pages= 15520-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11747427 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Boucher N, Lanouette CM, Larose M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Chagnon YC | title = A +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism of the melanocortin receptor 3 gene is associated in human with fat level and partitioning in interaction with body corpulence | journal = Molecular Medicine | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 158–65 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 12142547 | pmc = 2039979 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. |journal=Nature |volume=414 |issue= 6866 |pages= 865-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11780052 |doi= 10.1038/414865a }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wong J, Love DR, Kyle C, Daniels A, White M, Stewart AW, Schnell AH, Elston RC, Holdaway IM, Mountjoy KG | title = Melanocortin-3 receptor gene variants in a Maori kindred with obesity and early onset type 2 diabetes | journal = Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–71 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12161058 | doi = 10.1016/S0168-8227(02)00126-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee YS, Poh LK, Loke KY |title=A novel melanocortin 3 receptor gene (MC3R) mutation associated with severe obesity. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=87 |issue= 3 |pages= 1423-6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11889220 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rached M, Buronfosse A, Begeot M, Penhoat A | title = Inactivation and intracellular retention of the human I183N mutated melanocortin 3 receptor associated with obesity | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1689 | issue = 3 | pages = 229–34 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15276649 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.03.009 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qian S, Chen H, Weingarth D, ''et al.'' |title=Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide Y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 14 |pages= 5027-35 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12077332 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tao YX, Segaloff DL | title = Functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor variants identify a loss-of-function mutation involving an amino acid critical for G protein-coupled receptor activation | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 3936–42 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15292330 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2004-0367 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Boucher N, Lanouette CM, Larose M, ''et al.'' |title=A +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism of the melanocortin receptor 3 gene is associated in human with fat level and partitioning in interaction with body corpulence. |journal=Mol. Med. |volume=8 |issue= 3 |pages= 158-65 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12142547 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lapinsh M, Veiksina S, Uhlén S, Petrovska R, Mutule I, Mutulis F, Yahorava S, Prusis P, Wikberg JE | title = Proteochemometric mapping of the interaction of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 67 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–9 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15470082 | doi = 10.1124/mol.104.002857 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wong J, Love DR, Kyle C, ''et al.'' |title=Melanocortin-3 receptor gene variants in a Maori kindred with obesity and early onset type 2 diabetes. |journal=Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. |volume=58 |issue= 1 |pages= 61-71 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12161058 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mandrika I, Petrovska R, Wikberg J | title = Melanocortin receptors form constitutive homo- and heterodimers | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 326 | issue = 2 | pages = 349–54 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15582585 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.036 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = de Krom M, de Rijke CE, Hendriks J, van Engeland H, van Elburg AA, Adan RA | title = Mutation analysis of the agouti related protein promoter region and the melanocortin-3 receptor in anorexia nervosa patients | journal = Psychiatric Genetics | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 237 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16314751 | doi = 10.1097/00041444-200512000-00003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Rached M, Buronfosse A, Begeot M, Penhoat A |title=Inactivation and intracellular retention of the human I183N mutated melanocortin 3 receptor associated with obesity. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1689 |issue= 3 |pages= 229-34 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15276649 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.03.009 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chen M, Aprahamian CJ, Celik A, Georgeson KE, Garvey WT, Harmon CM, Yang Y | title = Molecular characterization of human melanocortin-3 receptor ligand-receptor interaction | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 45 | issue = 4 | pages = 1128–37 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16430209 | doi = 10.1021/bi0521792 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tao YX, Segaloff DL |title=Functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor variants identify a loss-of-function mutation involving an amino acid critical for G protein-coupled receptor activation. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue= 8 |pages= 3936-42 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15292330 |doi= 10.1210/jc.2004-0367 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lapinsh M, Veiksina S, Uhlén S, ''et al.'' |title=Proteochemometric mapping of the interaction of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=67 |issue= 1 |pages= 50-9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15470082 |doi= 10.1124/mol.104.002857 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mandrika I, Petrovska R, Wikberg J |title=Melanocortin receptors form constitutive homo- and heterodimers. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=326 |issue= 2 |pages= 349-54 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15582585 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.036 }}
*{{cite journal | author=de Krom M, de Rijke CE, Hendriks J, ''et al.'' |title=Mutation analysis of the agouti related protein promoter region and the melanocortin-3 receptor in anorexia nervosa patients. |journal=Psychiatr. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 4 |pages= 237 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16314751 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chen M, Aprahamian CJ, Celik A, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization of human melanocortin-3 receptor ligand-receptor interaction. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=45 |issue= 4 |pages= 1128-37 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16430209 |doi= 10.1021/bi0521792 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2352 | title = Melanocortin Receptors: MC<sub>3</sub> | accessdate = | authorlink = | date = | format = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}


{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{membrane-protein-stub}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{Melanocortin receptor modulators}}
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Human proteins]]
 
 
{{transmembranereceptor-stub}}

Revision as of 20:13, 4 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
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View/Edit Human

Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes MC3, a G-protein coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. This gene maps to the same region as the locus for benign neonatal epilepsy. Mice deficient for this gene have increased fat mass despite decreased food intake suggesting a role for this gene product in the regulation of energy homeostasis.[2]

Research

Studies performed by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), found that two specific polymorphisms in the MC3R gene may be associated with pediatric obesity and greater body mass because of greater energy intake. Children who were homozygous for C17A + G241A consumed approximately 38% more than those who did not contain aforementioned polymorphisms. The study concluded that these genetic variants did not affect energy expenditure.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gantz I, Konda Y, Tashiro T, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Munzert G, Watson SJ, DelValle J, Yamada T (April 1993). "Molecular cloning of a novel melanocortin receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (11): 8246–50. PMID 8463333.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: MC3R melanocortin 3 receptor".
  3. ↑ Savastano DM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Han JC, Ning C, Sorg RA, Roza CA, Wolkoff LE, Anandalingam K, Jefferson-George KS, Figueroa RE, Sanford EL, Brady S, Kozlosky M, Schoeller DA, Yanovski JA (October 2009). "Energy intake and energy expenditure among children with polymorphisms of the melanocortin-3 receptor". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90 (4): 912–20. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27537. PMC 2744620. PMID 19656839.

Further reading

  • Magenis RE, Smith L, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR, Mountjoy KG, Cone RD (August 1994). "Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human". Mammalian Genome. 5 (8): 503–8. doi:10.1007/BF00369320. PMID 7949735.
  • Konda Y, Gantz I, DelValle J, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Yamada T (May 1994). "Interaction of dual intracellular signaling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (18): 13162–6. PMID 8175743.
  • Gantz I, Tashiro T, Barcroft C, Konda Y, Shimoto Y, Miwa H, Glover T, Munzert G, Yamada T (October 1993). "Localization of the genes encoding the melanocortin-2 (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and melanocortin-3 receptors to chromosomes 18p11.2 and 20q13.2-q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 18 (1): 166–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1448. PMID 8276410.
  • Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Dickinson C, Yamada T, Barsh GS, Gantz I (March 1997). "Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action". Molecular Endocrinology. 11 (3): 274–80. doi:10.1210/me.11.3.274. PMID 9058374.
  • Tota MR, Smith TS, Mao C, MacNeil T, Mosley RT, Van der Ploeg LH, Fong TM (January 1999). "Molecular interaction of Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein with human melanocortin receptors". Biochemistry. 38 (3): 897–904. doi:10.1021/bi9815602. PMID 9893984.
  • McNulty JC, Thompson DA, Bolin KA, Wilken J, Barsh GS, Millhauser GL (December 2001). "High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein". Biochemistry. 40 (51): 15520–7. doi:10.1021/bi0117192. PMID 11747427.
  • Lee YS, Poh LK, Loke KY (March 2002). "A novel melanocortin 3 receptor gene (MC3R) mutation associated with severe obesity". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 87 (3): 1423–6. doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.1423. PMID 11889220.
  • Qian S, Chen H, Weingarth D, Trumbauer ME, Novi DE, Guan X, Yu H, Shen Z, Feng Y, Frazier E, Chen A, Camacho RE, Shearman LP, Gopal-Truter S, MacNeil DJ, Van der Ploeg LH, Marsh DJ (July 2002). "Neither agouti-related protein nor neuropeptide Y is critically required for the regulation of energy homeostasis in mice". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (14): 5027–35. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.14.5027-5035.2002. PMC 139785. PMID 12077332.
  • Boucher N, Lanouette CM, Larose M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Chagnon YC (March 2002). "A +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism of the melanocortin receptor 3 gene is associated in human with fat level and partitioning in interaction with body corpulence". Molecular Medicine. 8 (3): 158–65. PMC 2039979. PMID 12142547.
  • Wong J, Love DR, Kyle C, Daniels A, White M, Stewart AW, Schnell AH, Elston RC, Holdaway IM, Mountjoy KG (October 2002). "Melanocortin-3 receptor gene variants in a Maori kindred with obesity and early onset type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 58 (1): 61–71. doi:10.1016/S0168-8227(02)00126-2. PMID 12161058.
  • Rached M, Buronfosse A, Begeot M, Penhoat A (August 2004). "Inactivation and intracellular retention of the human I183N mutated melanocortin 3 receptor associated with obesity". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1689 (3): 229–34. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.03.009. PMID 15276649.
  • Tao YX, Segaloff DL (August 2004). "Functional characterization of melanocortin-3 receptor variants identify a loss-of-function mutation involving an amino acid critical for G protein-coupled receptor activation". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (8): 3936–42. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0367. PMID 15292330.
  • Lapinsh M, Veiksina S, Uhlén S, Petrovska R, Mutule I, Mutulis F, Yahorava S, Prusis P, Wikberg JE (January 2005). "Proteochemometric mapping of the interaction of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes". Molecular Pharmacology. 67 (1): 50–9. doi:10.1124/mol.104.002857. PMID 15470082.
  • Mandrika I, Petrovska R, Wikberg J (January 2005). "Melanocortin receptors form constitutive homo- and heterodimers". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 326 (2): 349–54. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.036. PMID 15582585.
  • de Krom M, de Rijke CE, Hendriks J, van Engeland H, van Elburg AA, Adan RA (December 2005). "Mutation analysis of the agouti related protein promoter region and the melanocortin-3 receptor in anorexia nervosa patients". Psychiatric Genetics. 15 (4): 237. doi:10.1097/00041444-200512000-00003. PMID 16314751.
  • Chen M, Aprahamian CJ, Celik A, Georgeson KE, Garvey WT, Harmon CM, Yang Y (January 2006). "Molecular characterization of human melanocortin-3 receptor ligand-receptor interaction". Biochemistry. 45 (4): 1128–37. doi:10.1021/bi0521792. PMID 16430209.

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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