Androgen response element gene transcriptions

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

"Androgen receptors (ARs) (NR3C4; nuclear receptor subfamily 3,group C, member 4) have a crucial role in the development,function and homeostasis of PCa cells. ARs can be activated as atranscription factor via binding to androgen hormones (eithertestosterone or dihydrotestosterone). This receptor has two mainfunctional domains: ligand-binding and DNA-binding (DBD).⁸"^[1]

"Androgen response elements structurally consist of a short DNAmotif with base sequence specificity within the promoterupstream of the androgen-responsive genes. The HRE contains apair of conserved sequences, which are separated by a three-nucleotide spacer. This sequence is determined as 5'-GGTACAnnnTGTTCT-3'^{10, 11} with 5'-CGG-3' as the spacer in the androgen response element."^[1]

"The androgen response element sequence, 5'-GGTACACGGTGTTCT-3', was obtained from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI)."^[1]

Human genes

Gene ID: 367 is AR androgen receptor aka NR3C4 on Xq12: "The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract from the normal 9-34 repeats to the pathogenic 38-62 repeats causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy's disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms."^[2]

Gene expressions

"Biased expression in liver (RPKM 12.9), endometrium (RPKM 10.8) and 13 other tissues."^[2]

Consensus sequences

5′-GGTACACGGTGTTCT-3′^[1]

5'-(A/T)(A/G)(A/C/G)(C/T)(C/G/T)(A/C/G)(C/G)(A/C/T)(A/C/G)(A/T)G(A/G/T)(A/G)(C/G)(A/C/T)-3'^[3]

Hypotheses

A1BG has no A boxes in either promoter.
A1BG is not transcribed by an ATA box.
AGCE1 does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

Androgen response element (Kouhpayeh) samplings

Copying a responsive elements consensus sequence 5'-GGTACA-3' and putting the sequence in "⌘F" finds none between ZNF497 and A1BG or none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.

For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence 5'-AAAAAAAA-3' (starting with SuccessablesAAA.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:

negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.

AAA (Kouhpayeh) core promoters

AAA (Kouhpayeh) proximal promoters

AAA (Kouhpayeh) distal promoters

Androgen response element (Wilson) samplings

Copying a responsive elements consensus sequence 5'-TGATTCGTGAG-3' and putting the sequence in "⌘F" finds none between ZNF497 and A1BG or none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.

For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence 5'-AAAAAAAA-3' (starting with SuccessablesAAA.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:

negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-TTTTTTTT-3', 0.
inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.
inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for 5'-AAAAAAAA-3', 0.

AAA (Wilson) core promoters

AAA (Wilson) proximal promoters

AAA (Wilson) distal promoters

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 S Kouhpayeh, AR Einizadeh, Z Hejazi, M Boshtam, L Shariati, M Mirian, L Darzi, M Sojoudi, H Khanahmad and A Rezaei (1 July 2016). "Antiproliferative effect of a synthetic aptamer mimicking androgen response elements in the LNCaP cell line" (PDF). Cancer Gene Therapy. 23: 254–257. doi:10.1038/cgt.2016.26. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 RefSeq (January 2017). "AR androgen receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
↑ Stephen Wilson, Jianfei Qi & Fabian V. Filipp (14 September 2016). "Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines". Scientific Reports. 6: 32611. doi:10.1038/srep32611. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

External links

[Kouhpayeh-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 S Kouhpayeh, AR Einizadeh, Z Hejazi, M Boshtam, L Shariati, M Mirian, L Darzi, M Sojoudi, H Khanahmad and A Rezaei (1 July 2016). "Antiproliferative effect of a synthetic aptamer mimicking androgen response elements in the LNCaP cell line" (PDF). Cancer Gene Therapy. 23: 254–257. doi:10.1038/cgt.2016.26. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

[RefSeq367-2] 2.0 ^2.1 RefSeq (January 2017). "AR androgen receptor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 1 November 2020.

[Wilson-3] Stephen Wilson, Jianfei Qi & Fabian V. Filipp (14 September 2016). "Refinement of the androgen response element based on ChIP-Seq in androgen-insensitive and androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines". Scientific Reports. 6: 32611. doi:10.1038/srep32611. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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Transcription resources	A1BG gene transcription core promoters A1BG gene transcriptions A1BG regulatory elements and regions A1BG response element gene transcriptions A1BG response element negative results A1BG response element positive results ABA-response element gene transcriptions Abf1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions A box gene transcriptions ACGT-containing element gene transcriptions Activating protein gene transcriptions Activating transcription factor gene transcriptions Adenylate–uridylate rich element gene transcriptions Adr1p gene transcriptions Aft1p gene transcriptions AGC box gene transcriptions AGCE gene transcriptions Alpha-amylase conserved element gene transcriptions Amino acid response element gene transcriptions AARE-like Androgen response element gene transcriptions Angiotensinogen core promoter element gene transcriptions Antioxidant-electrophile responsive element gene transcriptions ATA box gene transcriptions Auxin response factor gene transcriptions B 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transcription factor II A gene transcriptions General transcription factor II B gene transcriptions General transcription factor II D gene transcriptions General transcription factor II F gene transcriptions General transcription factor II H gene transcriptions General transcription factor gene transcriptions Gene transcriptions GGC triplet gene transcriptions Gibberellin responsive element gene transcriptions GLM box gene transcriptions Glucocorticoid response element gene transcriptions Grainy head gene transcriptions Grainy head transcription factor gene transcriptions Growth hormone response element gene transcriptions GT boxes Hac1p gene transcriptions Hair color gene expressions H and ACA box gene transcriptions H box gene transcriptions Heat-responsive element gene transcriptions Hex sequence gene transcriptions HMG box gene transcriptions HNF gene transcriptions Homeobox gene transcriptions Hsf1p gene transcriptions HY box gene transcriptions Hybrid C, A boxes Hybrid C, G boxes Hybrid C, T boxes Hypoxia-inducible factor gene transcriptions Hypoxia response elements I box gene transcriptions Initiator element gene transcriptions Initiator-like element gene transcriptions Inositol/choline-responsive elements Interaction gene transcriptions Interferon regulatory factors Inverse copy gene transcriptions Jasmonic acid-responsive element gene transcriptions K-boxes Kozak sequence gene transcriptions Kruppel-associated box gene transcriptions Krüppel-like factor gene transcriptions L box gene transcriptions Leu3 gene transcriptions M35 box gene transcriptions MADS box gene transcriptions Maf recognition element gene transcriptions M box gene transcriptions Mcm1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Met31p box gene transcriptions Metal responsive element gene transcriptions Middle sporulation element gene transcriptions Mig1p gene transcriptions Model samplings Motif ten element gene transcriptions Msn2,4p gene transcriptions Musashi binding element gene transcriptions MYB recognition element gene transcriptions Myelocytomatosis transcription factor gene transcriptions Myocyte enhancer factor gene transcriptions N-boxes Ndt80p gene transcriptions Nuclear factor 1 Nuclear factor 𝜿B Nuclear factor gene transcriptions Nuclear factor of activated T cell gene transcriptions (NFAT) Nuclear factor Y gene transcriptions Nutrient-sensing response element gene transcriptions Oaf1p gene transcriptions ORE1 binding site gene transcriptions p53 response element gene transcriptions P63 DNA-binding site gene transcriptions P box gene transcriptions Pdr1,3p gene transcriptions Peroxisome proliferator hormone response element gene transcriptions Phosphate starvation-response transcription factor gene transcriptions Pollen1 element gene transcriptions Polycomb response element gene transcriptions Preinitiation complex Preinitiation complex gene transcriptions Pribnow box gene transcriptions Prolamin box gene transcriptions Promoter gene transcriptions Proximal promoter gene transcriptions Promoter occurrence gene transcriptions Pyrimidine box gene transcriptions Q element gene transcriptions Rap1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Reb1 general regulatory factor gene transcriptions Retinoblastoma control element gene transcriptions Retinoic acid response element gene transcriptions Rgt1p gene transcriptions Rlm1p gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex Root specific element gene transcriptions ROR-response element gene transcriptions Rox1p gene transcriptions Rpn4p gene transcriptions R response element gene transcriptions SARE gene transcriptions Seed-specific element gene transcriptions Serum response element gene transcriptions Servenius sequence gene transcriptions Shoot specific element gene transcriptions Sip4p gene transcriptions Smp1p gene transcriptions Sp1 gene transcriptions Spaceflight gene expressions Specificity protein gene transcriptions STAT gene transcriptions Ste12p gene transcriptions Sterol response element gene transcriptions Sucrose box gene transcriptions Synaptic Activity-Responsive Elements TACTAAC box gene transcriptions TAGteam gene transcriptions Tapetum box gene transcriptions TATA binding protein associated factor gene transcriptions TATA binding protein gene transcriptions TATA box gene transcriptions TAT box gene transcriptions TATC box gene transcriptions Tbf1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions T box gene transcriptions TCCACCATA element gene transcriptions TC element gene transcriptions TCT gene transcriptions TEA consensus sequence gene transcriptions Tec1p gene transcriptions Telomeric repeat DNA-binding factor gene transcriptions Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element gene transcriptions TGF-β control elements (TCEs) TGF-β inhibitory elements (TIEs) Thyroid hormone response element gene transcriptions Transcriptional regulation Transcription bubble gene transcriptions Transcription factor gene transcriptions Transcription factor 3 gene transcriptions Transcription factory gene transcriptions Transcription start site gene transcriptions Translational control sequence gene transcriptions U box gene transcriptions Unfolded protein response element gene transcriptions Upstream response element gene transcriptions Upstream stimulatory factor gene transcriptions UTR promoter gene transcriptions V and P box gene transcriptions V box gene transcriptions Vhr1p gene transcriptions Vitamin D response element gene transcriptions W box gene transcriptions X box gene transcriptions Xbp1p gene transcriptions X core promoter element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic response element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic responsive element gene transcriptions Yap1p,2p gene transcriptions Y box gene transcriptions YY1 gene transcriptions Zap1p gene transcriptions Z box gene transcriptions Zinc responsive element gene transcriptions