Γ-interferon activated sequence gene transcriptions

Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff

"To ascertain whether one or both of these two ALS-GAS sites were functionally important for GH stimulation of ALS promoter activity, plasmids containing block mutations of either ALS-GAS1 [...] or ALS-GAS2 [...] were prepared in the context of the luciferase construct retaining full responsiveness to GH [...], and transfected into H4-II-E cells [...]. Mutation of the ALS-GAS1 element abolished the ability of the promoter to respond to GH [...]; mutation of the ALS-GAS2 element was without effect. Thus, an intact ALS-GAS1 element is necessary for GH stimulation of ALS promoter activity."^[1]

Human genes

Interactions

Consensus sequences

"Computer analysis of the nt −653 to nt −483 region identified two sites that resemble the [γ-interferon activated sequence] GAS consensus sequence, TTNCNNNAA (19). Similar GAS-like sites have been shown to mediate the effects of various cytokines, including [growth hormone] GH, on the transcription of other genes (19, 20). The first site, TTCCTAGAA (ALS-GAS1), is located between nt −633 and nt −625; the second site, TTAGACAAA (ALS-GAS2), is located between nt −553 and nt −545."^[1]

"The GAS element is a palindromic sequence [consensus: TTCN_(2–4)GAA] that binds all STATs, except for STAT2. Thus, STAT1 homodimers bind to an element with canonical N = 3 spacing (39). To date, many GAS-containing STAT1-target genes have been identified (40), including guanylate-binding protein (GBP), SOCS1, IRF1, and IRF8."^[2]

Hypotheses

A1BG has no GASes in either promoter.
A1BG is not transcribed by a GAS.
GAS does not participate in the transcription of A1BG.

Samplings

Comparison of GAS-Like Elements Shown to Mediate the Effect of GH on Chromosomal Genes:^[1]
Name of element	Sequence	Preferred STAT	Gene and reference
Spi-GLE1	TTC TGA GAA	STAT5	Rat Spi 2.1 (27)
INS-GLE	TTC TGG GAA	STAT5	Rat insulin (29)
CYPGHRE	TTC CTG GAA	STAT5	Hamster CYP3A10/6β (30)
ALS-GAS1	TTC CTA GAA	STAT5	Mouse ALS (this study)
SIE	TTC CCG TAA	STAT1 and 3	Rat c-fos (22,57–59)
m67	TTC CCG TCA	STAT1 and 3	Optimized c-fos SIE (22)

Copying a responsive element consensus sequence TTNCNNNAA and putting the sequence in "⌘F" finds none between ZNF497 and A1BG and none between ZSCAN22 and A1BG as can be found by the computer programs.

For the Basic programs testing consensus sequence TTNCNNNAA (starting with SuccessablesGAS.bas) written to compare nucleotide sequences with the sequences on either the template strand (-), or coding strand (+), of the DNA, in the negative direction (-), or the positive direction (+), the programs are, are looking for, and found:

negative strand, negative direction, looking for TTNCNNNAA, 3, TTTCTGTAA at 4509, TTTCCAAAA at 3349, TTTCGTAAA at 189, and complements.
negative strand, positive direction, looking for TTNCNNNAA, 2, TTCCGGGAA at 4247, TTGCAGGAA at 2747, and complements.
positive strand, negative direction, looking for TTNCNNNAA, 7, TTCCCTGAA at 3782, TTTCATCAA at 2889, TTGCTTGAA at 2380, TTGCCTGAA at 1624, TTTCAAAAA at 1385, TTACTTGAA at 1301, TTGCTTGAA at 1010, and complements.
positive strand, positive direction, looking for TTNCNNNAA, 2, TTTCCGAAA at 1095, TTCCATGAA at 128, and complements.
complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for AANGNNNTT, 7, AAGGGACTT at 3782, AAAGTAGTT at 2889, AACGAACTT at 2380, AACGGACTT at 1624, AAAGTTTTT at 1385, AATGAACTT at 1301, AACGAACTT at 1010.
complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for AANGNNNTT, 2, AAAGGCTTT at 1095, AAGGTACTT at 128.
complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for AANGNNNTT, 3, AAAGACATT at 4509, AAAGGTTTT at 3349, AAAGCATTT at 189.
complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for AANGNNNTT, 2, AAGGCCCTT at 4247, AACGTCCTT at 2747.
inverse complement, negative strand, negative direction, looking for TTNNNGNAA, 5, TTTCTGTAA at 4509, TTTAAGCAA at 3503, TTGAGGTAA at 1378, TTTTCGTAA at 188, TTAAAGAAA at 25, and complements.
inverse complement, negative strand, positive direction, looking for TTNNNGNAA, 3, TTCCGGGAA at 4247, TTGCAGGAA at 2747, TTTTTGTAA at 2455, and complements.
inverse complement, positive strand, negative direction, looking for TTNNNGNAA, 3, TTAAGGAAA at 2957, TTGGGGAAA at 2926, TTCGGGAAA at 2458, and complements.
inverse complement, positive strand, positive direction, looking for TTNNNGNAA, 2, TTGTAGTAA at 4118, TTTCCGAAA at 1095, and complements.
inverse negative strand, negative direction, looking for AANNNCNTT, 3, AATTCCTTT at 2957, AACCCCTTT at 2926, AAGCCCTTT at 2458.
inverse negative strand, positive direction, looking for AANNNCNTT, 2, AACATCATT at 4118, AAAGGCTTT at 1095.
inverse positive strand, negative direction, looking for AANNNCNTT, 5, AAAGACATT at 4509, AAATTCGTT at 3503, AACTCCATT at 1378, AAAAGCATT at 188, AATTTCTTT at 25.
inverse positive strand, positive direction, looking for AANNNCNTT, 3, AAGGCCCTT at 4247, AACGTCCTT at 2747, AAAAACATT at 2455.

GAS core promoters

Negative strand, negative direction: TTTCTGTAA at 4509, and complement.

GAS proximal promoters

Negative strand, positive direction: TTCCGGGAA at 4247, and complement.

Positive strand, positive direction: TTGTAGTAA at 4118, and complement.

GAS distal promoters

Negative strand, negative direction: TTTAAGCAA at 3503, TTTCCAAAA at 3349, TTGAGGTAA at 1378, TTTCGTAAA at 189, TTTTCGTAA at 188, TTAAAGAAA at 25, and complements.

Positive strand, negative direction: TTCCCTGAA at 3782, TTAAGGAAA at 2957, TTGGGGAAA at 2926, TTTCATCAA at 2889, TTCGGGAAA at 2458, TTGCTTGAA at 2380, TTGCCTGAA at 1624, TTTCAAAAA at 1385, TTACTTGAA at 1301, TTGCTTGAA at 1010, and complements.

Negative strand, positive direction: TTGCAGGAA at 2747, and complement.

Positive strand, positive direction: TTTCCGAAA at 1095, and complement.

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: Henry A. Hoff.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guck T. Ooi, Kelley R. Hurst, Matthew N. Poy, Matthew M. Rechler, Yves R. Boisclair (1 May 1998). "Binding of STAT5a and STAT5b to a Single Element Resembling a γ-Interferon-Activated Sequence Mediates the Growth Hormone Induction of the Mouse Acid-Labile Subunit Promoter in Liver Cells". Molecular Endocrinology. 12 (5): 675–687. doi:10.1210/mend.12.5.0115. PMID 9605930. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
↑ Agata Michalska, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, Joanna Wesoly and Hans A. R. Bluyssen (28 May 2018). "A Positive Feedback Amplifier Circuit That Regulates Interferon (IFN)-Stimulated Gene Expression and Controls Type I and Type II IFN Responses". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 1135. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01135. Retrieved 18 March 2021.

External links

[Ooi-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Guck T. Ooi, Kelley R. Hurst, Matthew N. Poy, Matthew M. Rechler, Yves R. Boisclair (1 May 1998). "Binding of STAT5a and STAT5b to a Single Element Resembling a γ-Interferon-Activated Sequence Mediates the Growth Hormone Induction of the Mouse Acid-Labile Subunit Promoter in Liver Cells". Molecular Endocrinology. 12 (5): 675–687. doi:10.1210/mend.12.5.0115. PMID 9605930. Retrieved 9 September 2020.

[Michalska-2] Agata Michalska, Katarzyna Blaszczyk, Joanna Wesoly and Hans A. R. Bluyssen (28 May 2018). "A Positive Feedback Amplifier Circuit That Regulates Interferon (IFN)-Stimulated Gene Expression and Controls Type I and Type II IFN Responses". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 1135. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01135. Retrieved 18 March 2021.

[1]

[2]

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transcriptions MYB recognition element gene transcriptions Myelocytomatosis transcription factor gene transcriptions Myocyte enhancer factor gene transcriptions N-boxes Ndt80p gene transcriptions Nuclear factor 1 Nuclear factor 𝜿B Nuclear factor gene transcriptions Nuclear factor of activated T cell gene transcriptions (NFAT) Nuclear factor Y gene transcriptions Nutrient-sensing response element gene transcriptions Oaf1p gene transcriptions ORE1 binding site gene transcriptions p53 response element gene transcriptions P63 DNA-binding site gene transcriptions P box gene transcriptions Pdr1,3p gene transcriptions Peroxisome proliferator hormone response element gene transcriptions Phosphate starvation-response transcription factor gene transcriptions Pollen1 element gene transcriptions Polycomb response element gene transcriptions Preinitiation complex Preinitiation complex gene transcriptions Pribnow box gene transcriptions Prolamin box gene transcriptions Promoter gene transcriptions Proximal promoter gene transcriptions Promoter occurrence gene transcriptions Pyrimidine box gene transcriptions Q element gene transcriptions Rap1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions Reb1 general regulatory factor gene transcriptions Retinoblastoma control element gene transcriptions Retinoic acid response element gene transcriptions Rgt1p gene transcriptions Rlm1p gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II gene transcriptions RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex Root specific element gene transcriptions ROR-response element gene transcriptions Rox1p gene transcriptions Rpn4p gene transcriptions R response element gene transcriptions SARE gene transcriptions Seed-specific element gene transcriptions Serum response element gene transcriptions Servenius sequence gene transcriptions Shoot specific element gene transcriptions Sip4p gene transcriptions Smp1p gene transcriptions Sp1 gene transcriptions Spaceflight gene expressions Specificity protein gene transcriptions STAT gene transcriptions Ste12p gene transcriptions Sterol response element gene transcriptions Sucrose box gene transcriptions Synaptic Activity-Responsive Elements TACTAAC box gene transcriptions TAGteam gene transcriptions Tapetum box gene transcriptions TATA binding protein associated factor gene transcriptions TATA binding protein gene transcriptions TATA box gene transcriptions TAT box gene transcriptions TATC box gene transcriptions Tbf1 regulatory factor gene transcriptions T box gene transcriptions TCCACCATA element gene transcriptions TC element gene transcriptions TCT gene transcriptions TEA consensus sequence gene transcriptions Tec1p gene transcriptions Telomeric repeat DNA-binding factor gene transcriptions Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element gene transcriptions TGF-β control elements (TCEs) TGF-β inhibitory elements (TIEs) Thyroid hormone response element gene transcriptions Transcriptional regulation Transcription bubble gene transcriptions Transcription factor gene transcriptions Transcription factor 3 gene transcriptions Transcription factory gene transcriptions Transcription start site gene transcriptions Translational control sequence gene transcriptions U box gene transcriptions Unfolded protein response element gene transcriptions Upstream response element gene transcriptions Upstream stimulatory factor gene transcriptions UTR promoter gene transcriptions V and P box gene transcriptions V box gene transcriptions Vhr1p gene transcriptions Vitamin D response element gene transcriptions W box gene transcriptions X box gene transcriptions Xbp1p gene transcriptions X core promoter element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic response element gene transcriptions Xenobiotic responsive element gene transcriptions Yap1p,2p gene transcriptions Y box gene transcriptions YY1 gene transcriptions Zap1p gene transcriptions Z box gene transcriptions Zinc responsive element gene transcriptions