Melatonin receptor 1B: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Melatonin receptor 1B''', also known as '''MTNR1B''', is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MTNR1B'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4544| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="pmid7568007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, Weaver DR, Slaugenhaupt SA, Gusella JF | title = Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 19 | pages = 8734–38 | date = Sep 1995 | pmid = 7568007 | pmc = 41041 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8734 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7568007 }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Melatonin receptor 1B
| HGNCid = 7464
| Symbol = MTNR1B
| AltSymbols =; MT2; MEL-1B-R
| OMIM = 600804
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 4350
| MGIid = 2181726
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MTNR1B_208516_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008502 |text = melatonin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007187 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4544
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000134640
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005950
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005959
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 92342437
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 92355596
    | Hs_Uniprot = P49286
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 244701
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000050901
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_145712
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_663758
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 15613060
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 15624853
    | Mm_Uniprot = P70329
  }}
}}
'''Melatonin receptor 1B''', also known as '''MTNR1B''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4544| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes the MT<sub>2</sub> [[protein]], one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for [[melatonin]], the primary hormone secreted by the [[pineal gland]]. This gene product is an [[integral membrane protein]] that is a [[G protein-coupled receptors|G-protein coupled]], 7-[[transmembrane receptor]]. It is found primarily in the retina and [[brain]]; however, this detection requires [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|RT-PCR]]. It is thought to participate in [[light-dependent reaction|light-dependent functions]] in the [[retina]] and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin.<ref name="entrez"/> Besides the brain and retina this receptor is expressed on the bone forming cells where it regulates their function in depositing bone. <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharan K, Lewis K, Furukawa T, Yadav VK |title=Regulation of bone mass through pineal-derived melatonin-MT2 pathway |journal=[[J Pineal Res (journal)|J Pineal Res]] |pmid=28512916 |doi= 10.1002/jbm.a.30786}}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain although this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4544| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
== Clinical significance ==
 
Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased average [[blood sugar]] level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developing [[type 2 diabetes]].<ref name="SN">{{cite web | url = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/06/080609085957.htm | title = Gene That Regulates Glucose Levels And Increases Risk For Diabetes Identified | authorlink = | date = 2008-06-28 | work = | publisher = ScienceDaily | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}; {{cite web | url = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081207133817.htm | title = Body Clock Linked To Diabetes And High Blood Sugar In New Genome-wide Study | authorlink = | date = 2008-12-08 | work = | publisher = ScienceDaily | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}; {{cite web | url = http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090116073601.htm | title = Is There A Relationship Between Sleep-wake Rhythm And Diabetes? A New Gene Variant Influences Fasting Glucose Levels Via The Melatonin Metabolism | authorlink = | date = 2009-01-16 | work = | publisher = ScienceDaily  | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2009-01-18}}</ref><ref name="Nat_Genet_2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Prokopenko I, Langenberg C, Florez JC, Saxena R, Soranzo N, Thorleifsson G, Loos RJ, Manning AK, Jackson AU, Aulchenko Y, Potter SC, Erdos MR, Sanna S, Hottenga JJ, Wheeler E, Kaakinen M, Lyssenko V, Chen WM, Ahmadi K, Beckmann JS, Bergman RN, Bochud M, Bonnycastle LL, Buchanan TA, Cao A, Cervino A, Coin L, Collins FS, Crisponi L, de Geus EJ, Dehghan A, Deloukas P, Doney AS, Elliott P, Freimer N, Gateva V, Herder C, Hofman A, Hughes TE, Hunt S, Illig T, Inouye M, Isomaa B, Johnson T, Kong A, Krestyaninova M, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lim N, Lindblad U, Lindgren CM, McCann OT, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Naitza S, Orrù M, Palmer CN, Pouta A, Randall J, Rathmann W, Saramies J, Scheet P, Scott LJ, Scuteri A, Sharp S, Sijbrands E, Smit JH, Song K, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, Voight BF, Waterworth D, Wichmann HE, Willemsen G, Witteman JC, Yuan X, Zhao JH, Zeggini E, Schlessinger D, Sandhu M, Boomsma DI, Uda M, Spector TD, Penninx BW, Altshuler D, Vollenweider P, Jarvelin MR, Lakatta E, Waeber G, Fox CS, Peltonen L, Groop LC, Mooser V, Cupples LA, Thorsteinsdottir U, Boehnke M, Barroso I, Van Duijn C, Dupuis J, Watanabe RM, Stefansson K, McCarthy MI, Wareham NJ, Meigs JB, Abecasis GR | display-authors = 6 | title = Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 77–81 | date = Jan 2009 | pmid = 19060907 | pmc = 2682768 | doi = 10.1038/ng.290 }}; {{cite journal | vauthors = Lyssenko V, Nagorny CL, Erdos MR, Wierup N, Jonsson A, Spégel P, Bugliani M, Saxena R, Fex M, Pulizzi N, Isomaa B, Tuomi T, Nilsson P, Kuusisto J, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Altshuler D, Sundler F, Eriksson JG, Jackson AU, Laakso M, Marchetti P, Watanabe RM, Mulder H, Groop L | display-authors = 6 | title = Common variant in MTNR1B associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired early insulin secretion | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 82–88 | date = Jan 2009 | pmid = 19060908 | doi = 10.1038/ng.288 }}; {{cite journal | vauthors = Bouatia-Naji N, Bonnefond A, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Sparsø T, Holmkvist J, Marchand M, Delplanque J, Lobbens S, Rocheleau G, Durand E, De Graeve F, Chèvre JC, Borch-Johnsen K, Hartikainen AL, Ruokonen A, Tichet J, Marre M, Weill J, Heude B, Tauber M, Lemaire K, Schuit F, Elliott P, Jørgensen T, Charpentier G, Hadjadj S, Cauchi S, Vaxillaire M, Sladek R, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Lévy-Marchal C, Pattou F, Meyre D, Blakemore AI, Jarvelin MR, Walley AJ, Hansen T, Dina C, Pedersen O, Froguel P | display-authors = 6 | title = A variant near MTNR1B is associated with increased fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes risk | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–94 | date = Jan 2009 | pmid = 19060909 | doi = 10.1038/ng.277 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19088850">{{cite journal | vauthors = Staiger H, Machicao F, Schäfer SA, Kirchhoff K, Kantartzis K, Guthoff M, Silbernagel G, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A | title = Polymorphisms within the novel type 2 diabetes risk locus MTNR1B determine beta-cell function | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | page = e3962 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19088850 | pmc = 2597741 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0003962 | editor1-last = Maedler | editor1-first = Kathrin }}</ref>  MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and [[immunocytochemistry]] confirms that it is primarily localized in [[beta cell]]s in [[Islets of Langerhans|islets]].<ref name="Nat_Genet_2009" />
 
== Ligands ==
 
The following MT2R ligands have selectivity over MT1R:
 
* Compound '''3d''': [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] with sub-nM affinity<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rivara S, Lodola A, Mor M, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Fraschini F, Scaglione F, Sanchez RO, Gobbi G, Tarzia G | title = N-(substituted-anilinoethyl)amides: design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of a new class of melatonin receptor ligands | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 50 | issue = 26 | pages = 6618–26 | date = Dec 2007 | pmid = 18052314 | doi = 10.1021/jm700957j }}</ref>
* Compound '''18f''': antagonist and compound '''18g''' partial [[agonist]]: sub-nM affinity, >100-fold selectivity over MT1<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bedini A, Spadoni G, Gatti G, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F | title = Design and synthesis of N-(3,3-diphenylpropenyl)alkanamides as a novel class of high-affinity MT2-selective melatonin receptor ligands | journal = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 49 | issue = 25 | pages = 7393–403 | date = Dec 2006 | pmid = 17149869 | doi = 10.1021/jm060850a }}</ref>
* Compound '''14''': antagonist<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yous S, Durieux-Poissonnier S, Lipka-Belloli E, Guelzim H, Bochu C, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Delagrange P, Bennejean C, Renard P, Lesieur D | title = Design and synthesis of 3-phenyl tetrahydronaphthalenic derivatives as new selective MT2 melatoninergic ligands | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 753–59 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12538005 | doi = 10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00473-X | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096808960200473X }}</ref>
* Compound '''13''': agonist<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mattson RJ, Catt JD, Keavy D, Sloan CP, Epperson J, Gao Q, Hodges DB, Iben L, Mahle CD, Ryan E, Yocca FD | title = Indanyl piperazines as melatonergic MT2 selective agents | journal = Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 1199–202 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12643943 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00090-8 | url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960894X03000908 }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Melatonin receptor]]
* [[Melatonin receptor]]
* [[Discovery and development of melatonin receptor agonists]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|33em}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin|33em}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Brzezinski A | title = Melatonin in humans | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 336 | issue = 3 | pages = 186–95 | date = Jan 1997 | pmid = 8988899 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199701163360306 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, Weaver DR, Slaugenhaupt SA, Gusella JF | title = Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 19 | pages = 8734–8 | date = Sep 1995 | pmid = 7568007 | pmc = 41041 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8734 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Brzezinski A |title=Melatonin in humans. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=336 |issue= 3 |pages= 186-95 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8988899 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF | title = Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 386 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 219–24 | date = May 1996 | pmid = 8647286 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=92 |issue= 19 |pages= 8734-8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7568007 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Niles LP, Wang J, Shen L, Lobb DK, Younglai EV | title = Melatonin receptor mRNA expression in human granulosa cells | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 156 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 107–10 | date = Oct 1999 | pmid = 10612428 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00135-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=386 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 219-24 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8647286 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ebisawa T, Uchiyama M, Kajimura N, Kamei Y, Shibui K, Kim K, Kudo Y, Iwase T, Sugishita M, Jodoi T, Ikeda M, Ozeki Y, Watanabe T, Sekimoto M, Katoh M, Yamada N, Toyoshima R, Okawa M, Takahashi K, Yamauchi T | title = Genetic polymorphisms of human melatonin 1b receptor gene in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and controls | journal = Neuroscience Letters | volume = 280 | issue = 1 | pages = 29–32 | date = Feb 2000 | pmid = 10696804 | doi = 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00981-7 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Niles LP, Wang J, Shen L, ''et al.'' |title=Melatonin receptor mRNA expression in human granulosa cells. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=156 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 107-10 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10612428 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Roy D, Angelini NL, Fujieda H, Brown GM, Belsham DD | title = Cyclical regulation of GnRH gene expression in GT1-7 GnRH-secreting neurons by melatonin | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 11 | pages = 4711–20 | date = Nov 2001 | pmid = 11606436 | doi = 10.1210/en.142.11.4711 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ebisawa T, Uchiyama M, Kajimura N, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic polymorphisms of human melatonin 1b receptor gene in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and controls. |journal=Neurosci. Lett. |volume=280 |issue= 1 |pages= 29-32 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10696804 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ayoub MA, Couturier C, Lucas-Meunier E, Angers S, Fossier P, Bouvier M, Jockers R | title = Monitoring of ligand-independent dimerization and ligand-induced conformational changes of melatonin receptors in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 24 | pages = 21522–8 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 11940583 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M200729200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Roy D, Angelini NL, Fujieda H, ''et al.'' |title=Cyclical regulation of GnRH gene expression in GT1-7 GnRH-secreting neurons by melatonin. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=142 |issue= 11 |pages= 4711-20 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11606436 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yuan L, Collins AR, Dai J, Dubocovich ML, Hill SM | title = MT(1) melatonin receptor overexpression enhances the growth suppressive effect of melatonin in human breast cancer cells | journal = Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology | volume = 192 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 147–56 | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 12088876 | doi = 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00029-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ayoub MA, Couturier C, Lucas-Meunier E, ''et al.'' |title=Monitoring of ligand-independent dimerization and ligand-induced conformational changes of melatonin receptors in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 24 |pages= 21522-8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940583 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M200729200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Kauser S, Wortsman J | title = Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin | journal = Journal of Cellular Physiology | volume = 196 | issue = 1 | pages = 144–53 | date = Jul 2003 | pmid = 12767050 | doi = 10.1002/jcp.10287 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yuan L, Collins AR, Dai J, ''et al.'' |title=MT(1) melatonin receptor overexpression enhances the growth suppressive effect of melatonin in human breast cancer cells. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=192 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 147-56 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12088876 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ayoub MA, Levoye A, Delagrange P, Jockers R | title = Preferential formation of MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor heterodimers with distinct ligand interaction properties compared with MT2 homodimers | journal = Molecular Pharmacology | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 312–21 | date = Aug 2004 | pmid = 15266022 | doi = 10.1124/mol.104.000398 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mazna P, Berka K, Jelinkova I, Balik A, Svoboda P, Obsilova V, Obsil T, Teisinger J | title = Ligand binding to the human MT2 melatonin receptor: the role of residues in transmembrane domains 3, 6, and 7 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 332 | issue = 3 | pages = 726–34 | date = Jul 2005 | pmid = 15913560 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.017 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, ''et al.'' |title=Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=196 |issue= 1 |pages= 144-53 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12767050 |doi= 10.1002/jcp.10287 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ha E, Choe BK, Jung KH, Yoon SH, Park HJ, Park HK, Yim SV, Chung JH, Bae HS, Nam M, Baik HH, Hong SJ | title = Positive relationship between melatonin receptor type 1B polymorphism and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Korean population | journal = Journal of Pineal Research | volume = 39 | issue = 2 | pages = 201–5 | date = Sep 2005 | pmid = 16098099 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00237.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ayoub MA, Levoye A, Delagrange P, Jockers R |title=Preferential formation of MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor heterodimers with distinct ligand interaction properties compared with MT2 homodimers. |journal=Mol. Pharmacol. |volume=66 |issue= 2 |pages= 312-21 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15266022 |doi= 10.1124/mol.104.000398 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Savaskan E, Jockers R, Ayoub M, Angeloni D, Fraschini F, Flammer J, Eckert A, Müller-Spahn F, Meyer P | title = The MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is present in human retina and decreases in Alzheimer's disease | journal = Current Alzheimer Research | volume = 4 | issue = 1 | pages = 47–51 | date = Feb 2007 | pmid = 17316165 | doi = 10.2174/156720507779939823 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki S, Masui Y, Ohnuki M, Miyakoda G, Mori T, Nakajima K, Sato M | title = Induction of metallothionein synthesis by cilostazol in mice and in human cultured neuronal cell lines | journal = Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 791–4 | date = Apr 2007 | pmid = 17409522 | doi = 10.1248/bpb.30.791 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Mazna P, Berka K, Jelinkova I, ''et al.'' |title=Ligand binding to the human MT2 melatonin receptor: the role of residues in transmembrane domains 3, 6, and 7. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=332 |issue= 3 |pages= 726-34 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15913560 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.017 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qiu XS, Tang NL, Yeung HY, Lee KM, Hung VW, Ng BK, Ma SL, Kwok RH, Qin L, Qiu Y, Cheng JC | title = Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | journal = Spine | volume = 32 | issue = 16 | pages = 1748–53 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17632395 | doi = 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b9f0ff }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ha E, Choe BK, Jung KH, ''et al.'' |title=Positive relationship between melatonin receptor type 1B polymorphism and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Korean population. |journal=J. Pineal Res. |volume=39 |issue= 2 |pages= 201-5 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16098099 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00237.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Savaskan E, Jockers R, Ayoub M, ''et al.'' |title=The MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is present in human retina and decreases in Alzheimer's disease. |journal=Current Alzheimer research |volume=4 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-51 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17316165 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki S, Masui Y, Ohnuki M, ''et al.'' |title=Induction of metallothionein synthesis by cilostazol in mice and in human cultured neuronal cell lines. |journal=Biol. Pharm. Bull. |volume=30 |issue= 4 |pages= 791-4 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17409522 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qiu XS, Tang NL, Yeung HY, ''et al.'' |title=Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. |journal=Spine |volume=32 |issue= 16 |pages= 1748-53 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17632395 |doi= 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b9f0ff }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{membrane-protein-stub}}
== External links ==
* {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2361 | title = Melatonin Receptors: MT<sub>2</sub> | accessdate = | authorlink = | date = | format = | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = }}
 
{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{Melatonergics}}
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
[[Category:Human proteins]]

Revision as of 01:13, 27 October 2017

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External IDsGeneCards: [1]
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SpeciesHumanMouse
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Melatonin receptor 1B, also known as MTNR1B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTNR1B gene.[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes the MT2 protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain; however, this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin.[1] Besides the brain and retina this receptor is expressed on the bone forming cells where it regulates their function in depositing bone. [3]

Clinical significance

Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased average blood sugar level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes.[4][5][6] MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cells in islets.[5]

Ligands

The following MT2R ligands have selectivity over MT1R:

  • Compound 3d: antagonist with sub-nM affinity[7]
  • Compound 18f: antagonist and compound 18g partial agonist: sub-nM affinity, >100-fold selectivity over MT1[8]
  • Compound 14: antagonist[9]
  • Compound 13: agonist[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B".
  2. ↑ Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, Weaver DR, Slaugenhaupt SA, Gusella JF (Sep 1995). "Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (19): 8734–38. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8734. PMC 41041. PMID 7568007.
  3. ↑ Sharan K, Lewis K, Furukawa T, Yadav VK. "Regulation of bone mass through pineal-derived melatonin-MT2 pathway". J Pineal Res. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.30786. PMID 28512916.
  4. ↑ "Gene That Regulates Glucose Levels And Increases Risk For Diabetes Identified". ScienceDaily. 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2009-01-18.; "Body Clock Linked To Diabetes And High Blood Sugar In New Genome-wide Study". ScienceDaily. 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-01-18.; "Is There A Relationship Between Sleep-wake Rhythm And Diabetes? A New Gene Variant Influences Fasting Glucose Levels Via The Melatonin Metabolism". ScienceDaily. 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Prokopenko I, Langenberg C, Florez JC, Saxena R, Soranzo N, Thorleifsson G, et al. (Jan 2009). "Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels". Nature Genetics. 41 (1): 77–81. doi:10.1038/ng.290. PMC 2682768. PMID 19060907.; Lyssenko V, Nagorny CL, Erdos MR, Wierup N, Jonsson A, Spégel P, et al. (Jan 2009). "Common variant in MTNR1B associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired early insulin secretion". Nature Genetics. 41 (1): 82–88. doi:10.1038/ng.288. PMID 19060908.; Bouatia-Naji N, Bonnefond A, Cavalcanti-Proença C, Sparsø T, Holmkvist J, Marchand M, et al. (Jan 2009). "A variant near MTNR1B is associated with increased fasting plasma glucose levels and type 2 diabetes risk". Nature Genetics. 41 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1038/ng.277. PMID 19060909.
  6. ↑ Staiger H, Machicao F, Schäfer SA, Kirchhoff K, Kantartzis K, Guthoff M, Silbernagel G, Stefan N, Häring HU, Fritsche A (2008). Maedler K, ed. "Polymorphisms within the novel type 2 diabetes risk locus MTNR1B determine beta-cell function". PLOS ONE. 3 (12): e3962. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003962. PMC 2597741. PMID 19088850.
  7. ↑ Rivara S, Lodola A, Mor M, Bedini A, Spadoni G, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Fraschini F, Scaglione F, Sanchez RO, Gobbi G, Tarzia G (Dec 2007). "N-(substituted-anilinoethyl)amides: design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of a new class of melatonin receptor ligands". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (26): 6618–26. doi:10.1021/jm700957j. PMID 18052314.
  8. ↑ Bedini A, Spadoni G, Gatti G, Lucarini S, Tarzia G, Rivara S, Lorenzi S, Lodola A, Mor M, Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F (Dec 2006). "Design and synthesis of N-(3,3-diphenylpropenyl)alkanamides as a novel class of high-affinity MT2-selective melatonin receptor ligands". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (25): 7393–403. doi:10.1021/jm060850a. PMID 17149869.
  9. ↑ Yous S, Durieux-Poissonnier S, Lipka-Belloli E, Guelzim H, Bochu C, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Delagrange P, Bennejean C, Renard P, Lesieur D (Mar 2003). "Design and synthesis of 3-phenyl tetrahydronaphthalenic derivatives as new selective MT2 melatoninergic ligands". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (5): 753–59. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(02)00473-X. PMID 12538005.
  10. ↑ Mattson RJ, Catt JD, Keavy D, Sloan CP, Epperson J, Gao Q, Hodges DB, Iben L, Mahle CD, Ryan E, Yocca FD (Mar 2003). "Indanyl piperazines as melatonergic MT2 selective agents". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 13 (6): 1199–202. doi:10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00090-8. PMID 12643943.

Further reading

  • Brzezinski A (Jan 1997). "Melatonin in humans". The New England Journal of Medicine. 336 (3): 186–95. doi:10.1056/NEJM199701163360306. PMID 8988899.
  • Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, Weaver DR, Slaugenhaupt SA, Gusella JF (Sep 1995). "Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (19): 8734–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.19.8734. PMC 41041. PMID 7568007.
  • Reppert SM, Weaver DR, Ebisawa T, Mahle CD, Kolakowski LF (May 1996). "Cloning of a melatonin-related receptor from human pituitary". FEBS Letters. 386 (2–3): 219–24. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00437-1. PMID 8647286.
  • Niles LP, Wang J, Shen L, Lobb DK, Younglai EV (Oct 1999). "Melatonin receptor mRNA expression in human granulosa cells". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 156 (1–2): 107–10. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00135-5. PMID 10612428.
  • Ebisawa T, Uchiyama M, Kajimura N, Kamei Y, Shibui K, Kim K, Kudo Y, Iwase T, Sugishita M, Jodoi T, Ikeda M, Ozeki Y, Watanabe T, Sekimoto M, Katoh M, Yamada N, Toyoshima R, Okawa M, Takahashi K, Yamauchi T (Feb 2000). "Genetic polymorphisms of human melatonin 1b receptor gene in circadian rhythm sleep disorders and controls". Neuroscience Letters. 280 (1): 29–32. doi:10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00981-7. PMID 10696804.
  • Roy D, Angelini NL, Fujieda H, Brown GM, Belsham DD (Nov 2001). "Cyclical regulation of GnRH gene expression in GT1-7 GnRH-secreting neurons by melatonin". Endocrinology. 142 (11): 4711–20. doi:10.1210/en.142.11.4711. PMID 11606436.
  • Ayoub MA, Couturier C, Lucas-Meunier E, Angers S, Fossier P, Bouvier M, Jockers R (Jun 2002). "Monitoring of ligand-independent dimerization and ligand-induced conformational changes of melatonin receptors in living cells by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (24): 21522–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200729200. PMID 11940583.
  • Yuan L, Collins AR, Dai J, Dubocovich ML, Hill SM (Jun 2002). "MT(1) melatonin receptor overexpression enhances the growth suppressive effect of melatonin in human breast cancer cells". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 192 (1–2): 147–56. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00029-1. PMID 12088876.
  • Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Kauser S, Wortsman J (Jul 2003). "Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 196 (1): 144–53. doi:10.1002/jcp.10287. PMID 12767050.
  • Ayoub MA, Levoye A, Delagrange P, Jockers R (Aug 2004). "Preferential formation of MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor heterodimers with distinct ligand interaction properties compared with MT2 homodimers". Molecular Pharmacology. 66 (2): 312–21. doi:10.1124/mol.104.000398. PMID 15266022.
  • Mazna P, Berka K, Jelinkova I, Balik A, Svoboda P, Obsilova V, Obsil T, Teisinger J (Jul 2005). "Ligand binding to the human MT2 melatonin receptor: the role of residues in transmembrane domains 3, 6, and 7". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 332 (3): 726–34. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.017. PMID 15913560.
  • Ha E, Choe BK, Jung KH, Yoon SH, Park HJ, Park HK, Yim SV, Chung JH, Bae HS, Nam M, Baik HH, Hong SJ (Sep 2005). "Positive relationship between melatonin receptor type 1B polymorphism and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Korean population". Journal of Pineal Research. 39 (2): 201–5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00237.x. PMID 16098099.
  • Savaskan E, Jockers R, Ayoub M, Angeloni D, Fraschini F, Flammer J, Eckert A, Müller-Spahn F, Meyer P (Feb 2007). "The MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is present in human retina and decreases in Alzheimer's disease". Current Alzheimer Research. 4 (1): 47–51. doi:10.2174/156720507779939823. PMID 17316165.
  • Suzuki S, Masui Y, Ohnuki M, Miyakoda G, Mori T, Nakajima K, Sato M (Apr 2007). "Induction of metallothionein synthesis by cilostazol in mice and in human cultured neuronal cell lines". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 30 (4): 791–4. doi:10.1248/bpb.30.791. PMID 17409522.
  • Qiu XS, Tang NL, Yeung HY, Lee KM, Hung VW, Ng BK, Ma SL, Kwok RH, Qin L, Qiu Y, Cheng JC (Jul 2007). "Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Spine. 32 (16): 1748–53. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3180b9f0ff. PMID 17632395.

External links

  • "Melatonin Receptors: MT2". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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