Congestive heart failure causes: Difference between revisions

	Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology Systolic Dysfunction Diastolic Dysfunction HFpEF HFrEF
Causes
Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Clinical Assessment
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
Cardiac MRI
Echocardiography
Exercise Stress Test
Myocardial Viability Studies
Cardiac Catheterization
Other Imaging Studies
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
Medical Therapy:
Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF Diuretics ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin receptor blockers Aldosterone Antagonists Beta Blockers Ca Channel Blockers Nitrates Hydralazine Positive Inotropics Anticoagulants Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor Antiarrhythmic Drugs Nutritional Supplements Hormonal Therapies Drugs to Avoid Drug Interactions Treatment of underlying causes Associated conditions
Exercise Training
Surgical Therapy: Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator Ultrafiltration Cardiac Surgery Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) Cardiac Transplantation
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient Hospitalized Patient Patients With a Prior MI Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A) Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B) Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C) Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D) Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF Quality Metrics/Performance Measures
Implementation of Practice Guidelines
Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations
Specific Groups: Special Populations Patients who have concomitant disorders Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock
Congestive heart failure causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Congestive heart failure causes
CDC on Congestive heart failure causes
Congestive heart failure causes in the news
Blogs on Congestive heart failure causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Congestive heart failure causes
Risk calculators and risk factors for Congestive heart failure causes

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 21:05, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

There are several classification schemes used to characterize the pathophysiology of heart failure as either systolic vs diastolic; left vs right; or low output vs high output. The anatomic structure underlying the disease process is often characterized as well. The causes of heart failure are also often characterized by their chronicity (acute/decompensated or chronic).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Congestive heart failure is life threatening and should be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, arrhythmias, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arteriovenous fistula, atrial fibrillation, atrial septal defect, cardiac amyloidosis, cardiac aneurysm, congenital heart disease, constrictive pericarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, Eisenmenger syndrome, endocarditis, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interferon gamma, ischemic heart disease, malignant hypertension, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction, oxaprozin, patent ductus arteriosus, pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade, pericarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, pertuzumab, restrictive cardiomyopathy, rheumatic carditis, rupture of the papillary muscles, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, tricuspid insufficiency, valvular heart disease, ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect
Chemical/Poisoning	Ethylene glycol
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ado-trastuzumab emtansine, bicalutamide,bicisate dihydrochloride, carfilzomib, certolizumab pegol, cidofovir, cinacalcet, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone, diclofenac (patch), disulfiram,dornase alfa, doxorubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin , epoetin alfa, felbamate, ferumoxytol, flurbiprofen, goserelin, hydroxyethyl starch, ibuprofen lysine, idarubicin hydrochloride, idursulfase, imatinib, ixabepilone, levothyroxine, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, meropenem, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, muromonab-CD3, nilutamide, nitroglycerin,oprelvekin, oxcarbazepine, Peginterferon Beta-1a,pergolide, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, ponatinib hydrochloride, pramipexole, prednisone, prednisolone, rubidium Rb 82, sorafenib, sulindac, sunitinib malate, tolmetin, trastuzumab, valdecoxib, vandetanib
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis
Environmental	Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, silicosis
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Atrial septal defect, congenital heart disease, Friedreich's ataxia, glycogen storage disease, Marfan's syndrome, Mulibrey nanism syndrome, muscular dystrophy, Noonan syndrome, ventricular septal defect
Hematologic	Severe anemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Endocarditis, human immunodeficiency virus, Lyme disease, pericarditis, rheumatic carditis, rheumatic fever, sepsis, viral myocarditis, Whipple's disease
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Ascorbic acid deficiency, beriberi, carnitine deficiency, glycogen storage disease, hemochromatosis, metabolic acidosis, Paget's disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Pancoast tumor
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol, atenolol, dronedarone, imatinib mesylate, propranolol, verapamil
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, cor pulmonale, hypoxia, Pickwickian syndrome, pulmonary artery stenosis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis, pulmonary vein stenosis, pulmonic regurgitation, silicosis
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum/Immune/Allergy	Cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{congestive heart failure}}
+__NOTOC__
+{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
+|-
+| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Heart failure resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
+| [[Heart failure resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
+|}
+{{Congestive heart failure}}
 {{CMG}}
 ==Overview==
-There are several general causes of heart failure. Heart failure may be of pericardial origin such as [[tamponade]] and [[pericardial constriction]], of valvular origin such as aortic or [[mitral regurgitation]]; of myocardial origin such as [[idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[familial dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic cardiomyopathy]], [[valvular heart disease]]; or of coronary vascular origin such as acute ischemic episodes, and rhythm disturbances such as [[tachycardia-induced heart failure]].
+There are several classification schemes used to characterize the pathophysiology of heart failure as either [[systolic dysfunction|systolic]] vs [[diastolic dysfunction|diastolic]]; left vs right; or low output vs [[High output failure|high output]].  The anatomic structure underlying the disease process is often characterized as well.  The causes of heart failure are also often characterized by their chronicity (acute/decompensated or chronic).
-Other common secondary causes include [[anemia]], [[obesity]],[[drugs]] [(such as first generation [[calcium channel blockers]], [[disopyramide]], and [[sotalol]], [[NSAIDs]] (may cause [[fluid retention]]), [[beta blockers]] (may cause heart failure with their negative inotropic effects)].
-==Differential Diagnosis of the Underlying Causes of Heart Failure==
+==Causes==
+===Life Threatening Causes===
+Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.  Congestive heart failure is life threatening and should be treated as such irrespective of the underlying cause.
-===Heart Failure Secondary to Coronary Artery Disease===
+===Common Causes===
+*[[Arrhythmias]]
+*[[Cardiomyopathy|Cardiomyopathies]]
+*[[Cardiotoxicity|Cardiotoxins (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, aprotinin)]]
+*[[Congenital heart disease]]
+*[[Hypertension]]
+*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+*[[Viral myocarditis]]
-====A. Underlying Mechanisms====
+===Causes by Organ System===
-#Ischemic Preconditioning
+{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
-#:*Reductions in ischemia-related apoptosis
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
-#:*Increases in endogenous adenosine
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Aortic regurgitation]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmias]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[arteriovenous fistula]], [[atrial fibrillation]], [[atrial septal defect]], [[cardiac amyloidosis]], [[aneurysm|cardiac aneurysm]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[endocarditis]], [[hypertension]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]], [[interferon gamma]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[mitral regurgitation]], [[mitral stenosis]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[oxaprozin]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[pericardial effusion]], [[pericardial tamponade]], [[pericarditis]], [[peripartum cardiomyopathy]], [[pertuzumab]], [[restrictive cardiomyopathy]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic carditis]], [[rupture of the papillary muscles]], [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]], [[tricuspid insufficiency]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[ventricular aneurysm]], [[ventricular septal defect]]
-#:*Activation of potassium-adenosine triphosphate (K+-ATP) channels
+|-
-#Electrical Dysfunction
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-#:*QT prolongation
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ethylene glycol]]
-#:*Increased susceptibility to arrhythmia
+|-
-#:*QT dispersion
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-#Mechanical Dysfunction
+| '''Dental'''
-#:*Systolic dysfunction
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-#:*Diastolic dysfunction
+|-
-#Biochemical Dysfunction
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-#:*Increases in beta-adrenergic receptor density
+| '''Dermatologic'''
-#:*Changes in structural and regulatory proteins
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
-#:*Shift to FFA as a proffered metabolic substrate
+|-
-#:*Lactate production
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
-#:*Elevated BNP concentration
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]], [[bicalutamide]],[[bicisate dihydrochloride]], [[carfilzomib]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[cidofovir]], [[cinacalcet]], [[cyclophosphamide]], [[dexamethasone]], [[diclofenac (patch)]], [[disulfiram]],[[dornase alfa]], [[doxorubicin hydrochloride]], [[epirubicin ]],  [[epoetin alfa]], [[felbamate]], [[ferumoxytol]], [[flurbiprofen]], [[goserelin]], [[hydroxyethyl starch]], [[ibuprofen lysine]], [[idarubicin hydrochloride]], [[idursulfase]], [[imatinib]], [[ixabepilone]], [[levothyroxine]], [[mefenamic acid]], [[meloxicam]], [[meropenem]], [[methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta]], [[methylprednisolone]], [[metoclopramide]], [[mitomycin]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[muromonab-CD3]], [[nilutamide]], [[nitroglycerin]],[[oprelvekin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[Peginterferon Beta-1a]],[[pergolide]], [[phenylbutazone]], [[piroxicam]],  [[ponatinib hydrochloride]], [[pramipexole]], [[prednisone]], [[prednisolone]], [[rubidium Rb 82]], [[sorafenib]], [[sulindac]], [[sunitinib malate]], [[tolmetin]], [[trastuzumab]], [[valdecoxib]], [[vandetanib]]
-====B. Utilisation of Clinical Data====
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[thyrotoxicosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coalworker's pneumoconiosis]], [[silicosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial septal defect]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[Friedreich's ataxia]], [[glycogen storage disease]], [[Marfan's syndrome]], [[Mulibrey nanism|Mulibrey nanism syndrome]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[Noonan syndrome]], [[ventricular septal defect]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia|Severe anemia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Endocarditis]], [[human immunodeficiency virus]], [[Lyme disease]], [[pericarditis]], [[rheumatic fever|rheumatic carditis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[sepsis]], [[viral myocarditis]], [[Whipple's disease]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ascorbic acid deficiency]], [[beriberi]], [[carnitine deficiency]], [[glycogen storage disease]], [[hemochromatosis]], [[metabolic acidosis]], [[Paget's disease]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pancoast tumor]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[atenolol]], [[dronedarone]], [[imatinib mesylate]], [[propranolol]], [[verapamil]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Coalworker's pneumoconiosis]], [[cor pulmonale]], [[hypoxia]], [[Pickwickian syndrome]], [[pulmonary artery stenosis]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary valve stenosis]], [[pulmonary vein stenosis]], [[pulmonic regurgitation]], [[silicosis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheum/Immune/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardiac amyloidosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
-Management of heart failure due to coronary artery disease are primarily influenced by following parameters:
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
-#An estimate of the relative proportions of:
+{{columns-list|
-#:*Viable but ischemic myocardium
+*[[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]]
-#:*Nonviable myocardium
+*[[Alcoholism]]
-#:*Viable non-ischemic myocardium
+*[[Anemia]]
-#The technical feasibility of successful mechanical revascularization
+*[[Aortic insufficiency]]
-#The extent and severity of comorbidities in the individual patient
+*[[Aortic stenosis]]
+*[[Arrhythmias]]
-===Cardiomyopathies and Inflammatory Diseases===
-=====[[Restrictive Cardiomyopathies]]=====
-*Primary (idiopathic)
-*Tumor infiltration
-*[[Amyloidosis]]
-*Storage diseases
-*Endocardial fibrosis
-*[[Anthracyclines]]
-*Eosinophilic heart disease
-*Radiation
-*[[Hemochromatosis]]
-*Cardiac transplant
-*[[Sarcoidosis]]
-=====[[Dilated Cardiomyopathies]]=====
-*[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]
-*[[Becker's muscular dystrophy]]
-*[[Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy]]
-*[[Mitochondrial myopathy]]
-*:*[[Kearns-Sayre syndrome]]
 *[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
-*[[Alcohol-Induced cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]
-*[[Cocaine related cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Ascorbic acid deficiency]]
-*[[Diabetic cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Atenolol]]
+*[[Atrial fibrillation]]
+*[[Atrial septal defect]]
+*[[Beriberi]]
+*[[Bicalutamide]]
+*[[Bicisate dihydrochloride]]
+*[[Cardiac amyloidosis]]
+*[[Aneurysm|Cardiac aneurysm]]
+*[[Carfilzomib]]
+*[[Carnitine deficiency]]
+*[[Certolizumab pegol]]
+*[[Cidofovir]]
+*[[Cinacalcet]]
+*[[Coalworker's pneumoconiosis]]
+*[[Congenital heart disease]]
+*[[Constrictive pericarditis]]
+*[[Cor pulmonale]]
+*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
+*[[Dexamethasone]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Diclofenac (patch)]]
+*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Disulfiram]]
+*[[Dornase alfa]]
+*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]]
+*[[Dronedarone]]
+*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Epirubicin]]
+*[[Epoetin alfa]]
+*[[Ethylene glycol]]
+*[[Felbamate]]
+*[[Ferumoxytol]]
+*[[Flurbiprofen]]
+*[[Friedreich's ataxia]]
+*[[Glycogen storage disease]]
+*[[Goserelin]]
+*[[Hemochromatosis]]
+*[[Human immunodeficiency virus]]
+*[[Hydroxyethyl starch]]
+*[[Hypertension]]
+*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]
+*[[Hypoxia]]
+*[[Idarubicin hydrochloride]]
+*[[Ibuprofen lysine]]
+*[[Idursulfase]]
+*[[Imatinib mesylate]]
+*[[Interferon gamma]]
+*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
+*[[Ixabepilone]]
+*[[Levothyroxine]]
+*[[Lyme disease]]
+*[[Malignant hypertension]]
+*[[Marfan's syndrome]]
+*[[Mefenamic acid]]
+*[[Meloxicam]]
+*[[Meropenem]]
+*[[Metabolic acidosis]]
+*[[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta]]
+*[[Methylprednisolone]]
+*[[Metoclopramide]]
+*[[Mitomycin]]
+*[[Mitoxantrone]]
+*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Mitral stenosis]]
+*[[Mulibrey nanism|Mulibrey nanism syndrome]]
+*[[Muromonab-CD3]]
+*[[Muscular dystrophy]]
+*[[Myocardial infarction]]
+*[[Nilutamide]]
+*[[Nitroglycerin]]
+*[[Noonan syndrome]]
+*[[Oprelvekin]]
+*[[Oxaprozin]]
+*[[Paget's disease]]
+*[[Pancoast's tumor]]
+*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
+*[[Peginterferon Beta-1a]]
+*[[Pergolide]]
+*[[Pericardial effusion]]
+*[[Pericardial tamponade]]
+*[[Pericarditis]]
 *[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
-*[[Anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Phenylbutazone]]
-*[[Trastuzumab]] [[Herceptin-lnduced Cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Pickwickian syndrome]]
+*[[Piroxicam]]
-=====Inflammations=====
+*[[Ponatinib hydrochloride]]
-*[[Viral Myocarditis]]
+*[[Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent]] ([[Prevnar 13]])
-*[[Rickettsial Myocarditis]]
+*[[Pramipexole]]
-*[[Bacterial Myocarditis]]
+*[[Propranolol]]
-*Spirochetal Infections
+*[[Prednisone]]
-*[[Myocarditis|Protozoal Myocarditis]]: [[Trypanosomiasis]] ([[Chagas Disease]])
+*[[Prednisolone]]
-*[[Fungal myocarditis]]
+*[[Pulmonary artery stenosis]]
-*[[Giant Cell Myocarditis]]
+*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
+*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
+*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+*[[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
+*[[Pulmonary vein stenosis]]
+*[[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
+*[[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
+*[[Rheumatic fever|Rheumatic carditis]]
+*[[Rheumatic fever]]
+*[[Rubidium Rb 82]]
+*[[Rupture of the papillary muscles]]
 *[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Sepsis]]
-===Congestive Heart Failure as a Consequence of Valvular Heart Disease===
+*[[Silicosis]]
-*[[Aortic stenosis with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction]]
+*[[Sorafenib]]
-*[[Chronic aortic regurgitation]]
+*[[Sulindac]]
-*[[Mitral Stenosis]]
+*[[Sunitinib malate]]
-*[[Chronic mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
-*[[Acute aortic regurgitation]]
+*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
-*[[Acute mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Thyrotoxicosis]]
+*[[Tolmetin]]
-===Congestive Hert Failure Secondary to Congenital Heart Disease===
+*[[Trastuzumab]]
+*[[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
-'''A. Causes of Congestive Heart Failure in Adults with Unoperated Congenital Heart Diseases'''
+*[[Valdecoxib]]
-*[[Eisenmenger's syndrome]]
+*[[Vandetanib]]
-*Fibrocalcific degeneration of abnormal [[aortic valve]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
-*Systemic ventricular dysfunction and/or [[tricuspid regurgitation]] in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
+*[[Ventricular aneurysm]]
-*[[Atrial septal defect]] with [[mitral regurgitation]]] secondary to myxomatous mitral valve
+*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
-*[[Congenital mitral regurgitation]]
+*[[Verapamil]]
-*[[Arrhythmia]]
+*[[Viral myocarditis]]
-*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Whipple's disease]]
-*Other degenerative diseases ([[coronary artery disease]], [[hypertension]])
+}}
-*[[Drug abuse]], [[alcohol abuse]]
-*[[Pregnancy]]
-'''B. Causes of Congestive Heart Failure in Adults with Operated Congenital Heart Diseases'''
-*Myocardial dysfunction
-*Valvular regurgitation
-*Persistent left-to-right shunt
-*Pulmonary vascular disease
-*Prosthetic valve dysfunction
-*Status post [[Fontan operation]]
-*[[Arrhythmia]]
-*[[Endocarditis]]
-*Other degenerative diseases ([[coronary artery disease]], [[hypertension]])
-=== Right Ventricular Failure ===
-Factors affected right ventricle and to be eliminated during management of congestive heart failure.
-A. Right ventricular myocardial dysfunction
-#[[Right ventricular myocardial infarction]]
-#[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
-#[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia|Right ventricular dysplasia]]
-B. Primary right ventricular pressure overload
-#[[Left ventricular failure]]
-#[[Mitral valve]] disease
-#[[Atrial myxoma]]
-#[[Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]]
-#[[Cor pulmonale]]
-#:*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
-#:*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]]
-#:*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
-#[[Pulmonic stenosis]]
-#:*[[Supravalvular pulmonic stenosis]]
-#:*[[Valvular pulmonic stenosis]]
-#:*[[Subvalvular pulmonic stenosis]]
-#[[Ventricular septal defect]]
-#Aortopulmonary communication
-C. Primary right ventricular volume overload
-#[[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
-#[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]
-#[[Atrial septal defect]]
-#[[Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return]]
-D. Impediment to right ventricular inflow
-#[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
-#[[Cardiac tamponade]]
-#[[pericarditis |Constrictive pericarditis]]
-#[[cardiomyopathy|Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
-== Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Heart Failure==
-===A. Left Ventricular Failure===
-====Most Common Causes:====
-* [[Aortic Regurgitation|Aortic regurgitation]]
-* [[Aortic Stenosis|Aortic stenosis]]
-* [[Hypertension]]
-* [[Mitral Regurgitation|Mitral regurgitation]]
-* [[Myocardial ischemia]]
-====Expanded List of Causes:====
-* [[Atrial fibrillation]]
-* [[Alcoholism]]
-* [[Anemia]]
-* [[Angina]]
-* [[Aortic Regurgitation|Aortic regurgitation]]
-* [[Aortic Stenosis]]
-* [[Arteriovenous fistula]]
-* [[Beriberi]]
-* [[aneurysm|Cardiac aneurysm]]
-* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[pericarditis|Constrictive pericarditis]]
-* [[Drugs]], [[toxin]]s
-* [[Hypertension]]
-* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
-* [[Hypovolemia]]
-* [[Hypoxia]]
-* Mediastinal tumors
-* [[Mitral Regurgitation]]
-* [[Myocardial Infarction]]
-* [[Paget's Disease]]
-* [[Pancoast's Tumor]]
-* [[Pericardial effusion]]
-* [[Pericardial tamponade]]
-* [[Perimyocarditis]]
-* [[Protein deficiency]]
-* [[Restrictive cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[Papillary muscle rupture|Rupture of the papillary muscles]]
-* [[Sepsis]]
-* Vena Cava Superior Thrombosis
-===B. Right Ventricular Failure ===
-====Most Common Causes:====
-* [[Cardiomyopathy]]
-* [[Cor pulmonale]]
-* [[myocarditis|Diffuse myocarditis]]
-* Left heart failure
-====Other Causes:====
-* After [[left ventricular failure]]
-* After pulmonary resection
-* [[Alveolitis|Allergic alveolitis]]
-* [[asthma|Bronchial asthma]]
-* [[bronchitis|Chronic bronchitis]]
-* [[Alveolitis|Honeycomb lung]]
-* [[Hyperglobulia]]
-* [[Emphysema]]
-* [[Mitral Stenosis]]
-* [[Right ventricular myocardial infarction]]
-* [[Pickwickian Syndrome]]
-* Pleural fibrosis
-* [[Pneumoconiosis]]
-* [[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
-* [[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
-* [[Pulmonic stenosis]]
-* [[Sarcoidosis]]
-* [[pulmonary emboli|Severe relapsing pulmonary emboli]]
-* [[Silicosis]]
-* [[Tachycardia]]
-* [[Tricuspid insufficiency]]
-===C. Others ===
-* [[Ascorbic acid deficiency]]
-* [[Cardiac amyloidosis]]
-* [[Carnitine deficiency]]
-* Cervical vein stasis of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Congenital heart disease]]
-* [[Cyanosis]] of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Diabetes Mellitus]]
-* [[Ddx:Dyspnea|Dyspnea]] of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Edema]] of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Hemochromatosis]]
-* [[Pleural effusion]] of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Pulmonary edema]] of non-cardiac genesis
-* [[Thiamine deficiency]]
-* [[Thyroid disease]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-{{WH}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WS}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
+[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
+[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]