Pulseless ventricular tachycardia causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Pulseless ventricular tachycardia}}
{{Pulseless ventricular tachycardia}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Aisha}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Aisha}} [[User:Avirupguha|Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.]][mailto:avirup.guha@gmail.com]; {{M.P}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Structural heart disease]] is the most common cause of [[pulseless ventricular tachycardia]]. Other causes include but are not limited to,  drugs/medications, [[congenital heart diseases]], congenital and inherited [[channelopathies]]. It is important to note that [[QT interval]] lengthening medications, as well as [[electrolyte]] disturbances, can also result in pulseless ventricular tachycardia.<ref name="pmid27484660">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldzizhar A, Manuylova E, Marchenko R, Kryvalap Y, Carey MG |title=Ventricular Tachycardias: Characteristics and Management |journal=Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=317–29 |date=September 2016 |pmid=27484660 |doi=10.1016/j.cnc.2016.04.004 |url=}}</ref>
[[Structural heart disease]] is the most common cause of [[pulseless ventricular tachycardia]]. Other causes include but are not limited to,  drugs/medications, [[congenital heart diseases]], not to mention congenital and inherited [[channelopathies]]. It is important to note that [[QT interval]] lengthening medications, as well as [[electrolyte]] disturbances, can also result in pulseless ventricular tachycardia.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
===Life-threatening Causes===
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. They are mainly due to acute conditions that promote rapid dysfunction of automaticity and include. but are not limited to;<ref name="AjijolaTung2014">{{cite journal|last1=Ajijola|first1=Olujimi A.|last2=Tung|first2=Roderick|last3=Shivkumar|first3=Kalyanam|title=Ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart disease substrates|journal=Indian Heart Journal|volume=66|year=2014|pages=S24–S34|issn=00194832|doi=10.1016/j.ihj.2013.12.039}}</ref><ref name="Meja LopezMalhotra2019">{{cite journal|last1=Meja Lopez|first1=Eliany|last2=Malhotra|first2=Rohit|title=Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease|journal=Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management|volume=10|issue=8|year=2019|pages=3762–3773|issn=21563977|doi=10.19102/icrm.2019.100801}}</ref><ref name="CoughtrieBehr2017">{{cite journal|last1=Coughtrie|first1=Abigail L|last2=Behr|first2=Elijah R|last3=Layton|first3=Deborah|last4=Marshall|first4=Vanessa|last5=Camm|first5=A John|last6=Shakir|first6=Saad A W|title=Drugs and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia risk: results from the DARE study cohort|journal=BMJ Open|volume=7|issue=10|year=2017|pages=e016627|issn=2044-6055|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016627}}</ref><ref name="El-Sherif2001">{{cite journal|last1=El-Sherif|first1=Nabil|title=Mechanism of Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Long QT Syndrome: On Hermeneutics|journal=Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology|volume=12|issue=8|year=2001|pages=973–976|issn=1045-3873|doi=10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00973.x}}</ref>
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].


===Common Causes===
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[Cause1]
*[[NSTEMI]]
*[Cause2]
*[[STEMI]]
*[Cause3]
*[[Unstable angina]]


 
===Common Causes===
OR
*[[Acid-base disturbances]]
 
*[[Antiarrhythmics]]
 
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[[Cardioversion]]
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
*[[Clarithromycin]]
 
*[[Claritin]]
===Less Common Causes===
*[[Cocaine]]
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[Cause1]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[Cause2]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[Cause3]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
 
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
===Genetic Causes===
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Pulmonary artery catheter]]
*[[STEMI]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[AV block]], [[Brugada syndrome]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[hypertensive heart disease]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[ischemic heart disease]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocarditis]], [[noncompaction cardiomyopathy]], [[NSTEMI]], [[QT lengthening]], [[right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[STEMI]], [[Timothy syndrome]], [[torsade de pointes]], [[unstable angina]], [[valvular heart disease]], [[ventricular aneurysm]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen]], [[arsenic trioxide]], [[arsenicals]], [[methanol]], [[aconitine]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 52: Line 49:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen]], [[alimemazine]], [[almokalant]], [[amiodarone]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amphetamines]], [[antiarrhythmics]], [[asenapine]], [[aspirin]], [[astemizole]], [[azimilide]], [[azithromycin]], [[bepridil]], [[bretylium]],  [[bromocriptine]],  [[budipine]], [[chloroquine]], [[cibenzoline]], [[cisapride]], [[citalopram]], [[claritin]], [[clomipramine]], [[clozapine]], [[cocaine]], [[crizotinib]], [[desipramine]], [[digitalis]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[dolasetron]], [[doxepin]], [[dronedarone]], [[droperidol]], [[Eletriptan]], [[eribulin mesylate]], [[erythromycin]], [[fluconazole]], [[fosphenytoin]], [[grepafloxacin]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[ibutilide]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[inotropes]], [[ketanserin]], [[ketoconazole]], [[lidoflazine]], [[lubeluzole]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[midodrine]], [[mizolastine]], [[moxifloxacin]], [[naratriptan]], [[nicardipine]], [[nilotinib]], [[Nizatidine]], [[ondansetron]], [[pasireotide]], [[pazopanib]], [[pentamidine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[pimozide]], [[piperaquine]], [[prenylamine]], [[probucol]], [[procainamide]], [[propoxyphene]], [[quinidine]], [[quinine]], [[ranolazine]], [[retigabine]], [[ritodrine]], [[ritonavir]], [[saquinavir]], [[sertindole]], [[sotalol]], [[sparfloxacin]], [[sumatriptan]], [[sympathomimetic agents]], [[tedisamil]], [[telithromycin]], [[terfenadine]], [[terodiline]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[theophylline]], [[thioridazine]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[vandetanib]], [[vemurafenib]], [[venlafaxine]], [[vernakalant]], [[voriconazole]], [[vorinostat]], [[ziprasidone]], [[zotepine]], [[zuclopenthixol]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addisonian crisis]], [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema]], [[pheochromocytoma]]
|-
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Heat stroke]], [[hypothermia]], [[zero gravity]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[channelopathies]], [[Fabry disease]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[myotonic dystrophy]], [[Romano-Ward syndrome]], [[short QT syndrome type 1]], [[short QT syndrome type 2]], [[short QT syndrome type 3]], [[short QT syndrome type 4]], [[short QT syndrome type 5]], [[Timothy syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 80: Line 77:
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cardioversion]], [[defibrillation]], [[heart surgery]], [[malignant hyperthermia|post-anesthesia]], [[pulmonary artery catheter]], [[right heart catheterisation]], [[runaway pacemaker syndrome]], [[cardiac transplantation]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[chagas disease|Chagas heart disease]], [[Lyme disease]], [[myocarditis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]], [[Timothy syndrome]], [[myotonic dystrophy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Stroke|Acute stroke]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acid-base disturbances]], [[acidosis]], [[acute starvation]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hyperkalaemia]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
Line 107: Line 104:
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alimemazine]], [[almokalant]], [[amiodarone]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amphetamines]], [[antiarrhythmics]], [[bretylium]], [[budipine]], [[chloroquine]], [[cibenzoline]], [[cisapride]], [[clomipramine]], [[clozapine]], [[crizotinib]], [[desipramine]], [[digitalis]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[doxepin]], [[dronedarone]], [[droperidol]], [[eribulin mesylate]], [[halofantrine]], [[haloperidol]], [[ibutilide]], [[lidoflazine]], [[methadone]], [[methadyl acetate]], [[methamphetamine]], [[midodrine]], [[mizolastine]], [[pentamidine]], [[phenothiazines]], [[pimozide]], [[piperaquine]], [[prenylamine]], [[probucol]], [[procainamide]], [[propoxyphene]], [[quinidine]], [[quinine]], [[ranolazine]], [[retigabine]], [[ritodrine]], [[ritonavir]], [[sertindole]], [[tedisamil]], [[telithromycin]], [[terfenadine]], [[terodiline]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[thioridazine]], [[vandetanib]], [[vemurafenib]], [[venlafaxine]], [[voriconazole]], [[ziprasidone]], [[zotepine]], [[zuclopenthixol]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[major depression]], [[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[pulmonary hypertension|Chronic pulmonary artery hypertension]], [[COPD]], [[hypoxia]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acid-base disturbances]], [[acidosis]], [[electrolyte imbalance]], [[hyperkalaemia]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypoglycaemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[renal failure]], [[uremia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[sarcoidosis|cardiac sarcoidosis]], [[giant cell myocarditis]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[chest trauma|Blunt chest trauma]], [[myocardial contusion]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]], [[idiopathic]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{collist|colwidth=20em|
*[[Acid-base disturbances]]
*[[Acidosis]]
*[[aconitine|Aconitine toxin]]
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
*[[Acute starvation]]
*[[Stroke|Acute stroke]]
*[[Addisonian crisis]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alimemazine]]
*[[Almokalant]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amitriptyline]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Antiarrhythmics]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
*[[Arsenicals]]
*[[Asenapine]]
*[[Astemizole]]
*[[AV block]]
*[[Azimilide]]
*[[Azithromycin]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Chest trauma|Blunt chest trauma]]
*[[Bretylium]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
*[[Budipine]]
*[[Caffeine]]
*[[Sarcoidosis|Cardiac sarcoidosis]]
*[[Cardiac transplantation]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Cardioversion]]
*[[Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[chagas disease|Chagas heart disease]]
*[[Channelopathies]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension|Chronic pulmonary artery hypertension]]
*[[Cibenzoline]]
*[[Cisapride]]
*[[Citalopram]]
*[[Claritin]]
*[[Clomipramine]]
*[[Clozapine]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Congenital Heart Disease]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[COPD]]
*[[Crizotinib]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[Defibrillation]]
*[[Desipramine]]
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Digitalis]]
*[[Diphenhydramine]]
*[[Disopyramide]]
*[[Dofetilide]]
*[[Dolasetron]]
*[[Doxepin]]
*[[Dronedarone]]
*[[Droperidol]]
*[[Electrolyte imbalance]]
*[[Eribulin mesylate]]
*[[Erythromycin]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Fluconazole]]
*[[Fosphenytoin]]
*[[Giant cell myocarditis]]
*[[Grepafloxacin]]
*[[Halofantrine]]
*[[Haloperidol]]
*[[Heart surgery]]
*[[Heat stroke]]
*[[Hyperkalaemia]]
*[[Hypertensive heart disease]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypoglycaemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
*[[Ibutilide]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Indapamide]]
*[[Inotropes]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*[[Ketanserin]]
*[[Ketoconazole]]
*[[Lidoflazine]]
*[[Long QT Syndrome]]
*[[Lubeluzole]]
*[[Lyme disease]]
*[[Major depression]]
*[[Methadone]]
*[[Methadyl acetate]]
*[[Methamphetamine]]
*[[Midodrine]]
*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*[[Mizolastine]]
*[[Moxifloxacin]]
*[[Myocardial Infarction]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]]
*[[Myxedema]]
*[[Naratriptan]]
*[[Nicardipine]]
*[[Nilotinib]]
*[[Noncompaction cardiomyopathy]]
*[[NSTEMI]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Ondansetron]]
*[[Pasireotide]]
*[[Pazopanib]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Pimozide]]
*[[Piperaquine]]
*[[malignant hyperthermia|Post-anesthesia]]
*[[Prenylamine]]
*[[Probucol]]
*[[Procainamide]]
*[[Propoxyphene]]
*[[Pulmonary artery catheter]]
*[[QT lengthening]]
*[[Quinidine]]
*[[Quinine]]
*[[Renal failure]]
*[[Ranolazine]]
*[[Retigabine]]
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
*[[Right heart catheterisation]]
*[[Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia]]
*[[Ritodrine]]
*[[Ritonavir]]
*[[Romano-Ward syndrome]]
*[[Runaway pacemaker syndrome]]
*[[Saquinavir]]
*[[Sertindole]]
*[[Short QT syndrome]]
*[[Short QT syndrome type 1]]
*[[Short QT syndrome type 2]]
*[[Short QT syndrome type 3]]
*[[Short QT syndrome type 4]]
*[[Short QT syndrome type 5]]
*[[Sleep apnea]]
*[[Sotalol]]
*[[Sparfloxacin]]
*[[STEMI]]
*[[Sumatriptan]]
*[[Sympathomimetic agents]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Takotsubo cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Tedisamil]]
*[[Telithromycin]]
*[[Terfenadine]]
*[[Terodiline]]
*[[Tetrabenazine]]
*[[Thioridazine]]
*[[Timothy syndrome]]
*[[Torsade de pointes]]
*[[Unstable angina]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]
*[[Vandetanib]]
*[[Vemurafenib]]
*[[Venlafaxine]]
*[[Ventricular aneurysm]]
*[[Vernakalant]]
*[[Voriconazole]]
*[[Vorinostat]]
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
*[[Zero gravity]]
*[[Ziprasidone]]
*[[Zotepine]]
*[[Zuclopenthixol]]
}}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
</div>


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]

Latest revision as of 14:19, 10 July 2020

Pulseless ventricular tachycardia Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aisha Adigun, B.Sc., M.D.[2] Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[3]; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [4]

Overview

Structural heart disease is the most common cause of pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Other causes include but are not limited to, drugs/medications, congenital heart diseases, not to mention congenital and inherited channelopathies. It is important to note that QT interval lengthening medications, as well as electrolyte disturbances, can also result in pulseless ventricular tachycardia.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. They are mainly due to acute conditions that promote rapid dysfunction of automaticity and include. but are not limited to;[1][2][3][4]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute coronary syndrome, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, AV block, Brugada syndrome, cardiomyopathy, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, long QT syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, noncompaction cardiomyopathy, NSTEMI, QT lengthening, right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, STEMI, Timothy syndrome, torsade de pointes, unstable angina, valvular heart disease, ventricular aneurysm, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical / poisoning Acetaminophen, arsenic trioxide, arsenicals, methanol, aconitine
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen, alimemazine, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, asenapine, aspirin, astemizole, azimilide, azithromycin, bepridil, bretylium, bromocriptine, budipine, chloroquine, cibenzoline, cisapride, citalopram, claritin, clomipramine, clozapine, cocaine, crizotinib, desipramine, digitalis, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, dofetilide, dolasetron, doxepin, dronedarone, droperidol, Eletriptan, eribulin mesylate, erythromycin, fluconazole, fosphenytoin, grepafloxacin, halofantrine, haloperidol, ibutilide, imipramine, indapamide, inotropes, ketanserin, ketoconazole, lidoflazine, lubeluzole, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, midodrine, mizolastine, moxifloxacin, naratriptan, nicardipine, nilotinib, Nizatidine, ondansetron, pasireotide, pazopanib, pentamidine, pergolide, phenothiazines, pimozide, piperaquine, prenylamine, probucol, procainamide, propoxyphene, quinidine, quinine, ranolazine, retigabine, ritodrine, ritonavir, saquinavir, sertindole, sotalol, sparfloxacin, sumatriptan, sympathomimetic agents, tedisamil, telithromycin, terfenadine, terodiline, tetrabenazine, theophylline, thioridazine, tricyclic antidepressants, vandetanib, vemurafenib, venlafaxine, vernakalant, voriconazole, vorinostat, ziprasidone, zotepine, zuclopenthixol
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Addisonian crisis, Cushing's syndrome, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, myxedema, pheochromocytoma
Environmental Heat stroke, hypothermia, zero gravity
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, channelopathies, Fabry disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, Romano-Ward syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome type 2, short QT syndrome type 3, short QT syndrome type 4, short QT syndrome type 5, Timothy syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Cardioversion, defibrillation, heart surgery, post-anesthesia, pulmonary artery catheter, right heart catheterisation, runaway pacemaker syndrome, cardiac transplantation
Infectious Disease Chagas heart disease, Lyme disease, myocarditis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Timothy syndrome, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Acute stroke
Nutritional / Metabolic Acid-base disturbances, acidosis, acute starvation, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Alimemazine, almokalant, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amphetamines, antiarrhythmics, bretylium, budipine, chloroquine, cibenzoline, cisapride, clomipramine, clozapine, crizotinib, desipramine, digitalis, diphenhydramine, disopyramide, dofetilide, doxepin, dronedarone, droperidol, eribulin mesylate, halofantrine, haloperidol, ibutilide, lidoflazine, methadone, methadyl acetate, methamphetamine, midodrine, mizolastine, pentamidine, phenothiazines, pimozide, piperaquine, prenylamine, probucol, procainamide, propoxyphene, quinidine, quinine, ranolazine, retigabine, ritodrine, ritonavir, sertindole, tedisamil, telithromycin, terfenadine, terodiline, tetrabenazine, thioridazine, vandetanib, vemurafenib, venlafaxine, voriconazole, ziprasidone, zotepine, zuclopenthixol
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, major depression, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary Chronic pulmonary artery hypertension, COPD, hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea
Renal / Electrolyte Acid-base disturbances, acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, renal failure, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Amyloidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Blunt chest trauma, myocardial contusion
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcoholism, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order


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  1. ↑ Ajijola, Olujimi A.; Tung, Roderick; Shivkumar, Kalyanam (2014). "Ventricular tachycardia in ischemic heart disease substrates". Indian Heart Journal. 66: S24–S34. doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2013.12.039. ISSN 0019-4832.
  2. ↑ Meja Lopez, Eliany; Malhotra, Rohit (2019). "Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease". Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management. 10 (8): 3762–3773. doi:10.19102/icrm.2019.100801. ISSN 2156-3977.
  3. ↑ Coughtrie, Abigail L; Behr, Elijah R; Layton, Deborah; Marshall, Vanessa; Camm, A John; Shakir, Saad A W (2017). "Drugs and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia risk: results from the DARE study cohort". BMJ Open. 7 (10): e016627. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016627. ISSN 2044-6055.
  4. ↑ El-Sherif, Nabil (2001). "Mechanism of Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Long QT Syndrome: On Hermeneutics". Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 12 (8): 973–976. doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00973.x. ISSN 1045-3873.
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