Murmur patterns

Murmur patterns

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

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Click here to read more about heart murmurs

Early Systolic Murmur

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  Begins with S1 and ends before or about the middle of systole.

Mid Systolic Murmur

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  Begins after S1 and ends before S2.

Late Systolic Murmur

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  Begins at about the middle of systole and ends at the time of S2.

Holosystolic (Pansystolic) Murmur

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  Begins with S1 and ends with, or continues somewhat beyond, S2.

Early Diastolic Murmur

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  Begins with S2.

Mid Diastolic Murmur

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  Begins after S2.

Late Diastolic Murmur

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  Occurs immediately prior to S1.

Continuous Murmur

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  Has both systolic and diastolic components.

Crescendo

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  The loudness of the murmur increases progressively. The systolic component of a patent ductus arteriosus murmur is of this type.

Decrescendo

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  The loudness of the murmur decreases progressively. The murmurs of aortic and pulmonic regurgitation are examples of this type.

Crescendo Decrescendo

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  The loudness of the murmur increases and then decreases. This configuration is typical for systolic ejection murmurs.

Plateau

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  The loudness of the murmur remains relatively constant. Holosystolic murmurs are representative of this type.

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