Uveitis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2]

Overview

Uveitis is best described using various, concurrent classification systems. Uveitis may be classified according to anatomical location into 4 subtypes, depending on which part of the uvea is primarily affected: anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis. Based on the duration of symptoms it may be further sub-classified as acute or chronic. Upon further investigation, uveitis may be classified according to histological features of the inflammation such as granulomatous or non-granulomatous. Additionally, uveitis may be described by the laterality of the condition (unilateral or bilateral). Finally, uveitis may be classified by general underlying systemic causes such as infectious, autoimmune, drug-induced, or idiopathic.[1][2][3][4][5]

Classification

Uveitis can be described according to the following classifications:[1][2][5]

As uveitis manifests in a variety of clinical etiologies, differentiation must be established in accordance with the classification system for particular subtypes. Etiologies of acute anterior unilateral infectious uveitis must be differentiated from other subtypes that cause conjuctival injection, eye pain, and photophobia such as acute anterior bilateral non-infectious uveitis or chronic anterior uveitis. Diversely, posterior infectious uveitis must be differentiated from other subtypes that cause visual changes such as intermediate non-infectious uveitis and infectious panuveitis. Using the above model, the following is a classification of uveitis, which includes the most common subtypes:

Anterior Uveitis

Anterior uveitis can be classified according to the following presentation:[5][6][7]

Intermediate Uveitis

Intermediate may present with unilateral or bilateral involvement. It can be classified according to the following etiologies[5][6][7]

Posterior Uveitis

Posterior uveitis may present with unilateral or bilateral involvement. It can be classified according to the following most common etiologies:[5][6][7]

Panuveitis

Panuveitis may present with unilateral or bilateral involvement. It can be classified according to the following most common etiologies:[5][6][7]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Deschenes J, Murray PI, Rao NA, Nussenblatt RB, International Uveitis Study Group (2008). "International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG): clinical classification of uveitis". Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 16 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/09273940801899822. PMID 18379933.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT, Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group (2005). "Standardization of uveitis nomenclature for reporting clinical data. Results of the First International Workshop". Am J Ophthalmol. 140 (3): 509–16. PMID 16196117.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 McCluskey PJ, Towler HM, Lightman S (2000). "Management of chronic uveitis". BMJ. 320 (7234): 555–8. PMC 1117601. PMID 10688564.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Gutteridge IF, Hall AJ (2007). "Acute anterior uveitis in primary care". Clin Exp Optom. 90 (2): 70–82. doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00128.x. PMID 17311570.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Guly CM, Forrester JV (2010). "Investigation and management of uveitis". BMJ. 341: c4976. doi:10.1136/bmj.c4976. PMID 20943722.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 American Academy of Ophthalmology EyeWiki (2015)http://eyewiki.aao.org/Category:Uveitis
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Prior-Español Á, Martínez-Morillo M, Holgado-Pérez S, Juega FJ (2016). "Differential diagnosis of acute bilateral uveitis in the rheumatologist's office". Reumatol Clin. 12 (3): 174–175. doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2015.05.012. PMID 26187650.

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