Vertigo causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.[2]

Overview

Vertigo caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the otolith (utricle andsaccule), and the vestibular nerve is called "peripheral", "otologic" or "vestibular" vertigo. The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which accounts for 32% of all peripheral vertigo. Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%),superior canal dehiscence syndrome, labyrinthitis and visual vertigo. Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides) or physical trauma (e.g., skull fractures). Motion sickness is sometimes classified as a cause of peripheral vertigo.

Causes

Common Causes

  • Visual vertigo

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Amanita muscaria, Arsine, Cyanide, Multiple chemical sensitivity, Nitrogen narcosis, Snakebites , Tsetse fly
Dermatologic Neurofibromatosis
Drug Side Effect 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, 4-HO-MPT, ACE inhibitors, Aminoglycosides, Anti-obesity drug, Antibiotics, Anticonvulsants, Antiretroviral drug, Biperiden, Buspirone, Cabergoline, Daptomycin, Flucytosine, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, Gentamicin, Histamine agonist, Ibotenic acid, Isosorbide mononitrate, Ketorolac, Loop diuretic, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Malaria prophylaxis, Medicines, Minocycline, Moclobemide, Modafinil, Nialamide, Nitrazepam, Oprelvekin, Papaverine, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Praziquantel, Sedatives, SSRI discontinuation syndrome, Streptomycin, Sultiame, Temazepam, Trazodone, Tuberculosis treatment, Valaciclovir, Venlafaxine, Vigabatrin, Viloxazine, Zimelidine, Zolmitriptan
Ear Nose Throat Acoustic neuroma, Cogan's syndrome, Earwax, Herpes zoster oticus, Labyrinth infarction, Labyrinthine concussion, Labyrinthitis, Meniere's disease, Otitis externa, Otitis media, Ototoxicity, Perilymphatic fistula, Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, Superior canal dehiscence syndrome, Visual vertigo
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental Microwave auditory effect, Noise health effects
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Fabry's disease, Neurofibromatosis
Hematologic Polycythemia vera
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Bacterial infection, Common cold, Herpes zoster oticus, Influenza, Labyrinthitis, Lyme disease, Mastoiditis, Syphillis, Viral infection
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Acoustic neuroma, Arachnoid cyst, Arnold-Chiari malformation, Balance disorder, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Brain zaps, Brainstem infarction, Brainstem ischemia, Brainstem stroke, Bruns' syndrome, Cerebellar hemorrhage, Cerebellar infarction, Cerebral shunt, Cerebrovascular accident, Colloid cyst, Episodic ataxia, Facial nerve paralysis, Hydrocephalus, Inferior cerebellar bleeding, Inferior cerebellar infarction, Lateral medullary syndrome, Migraine headaches, Migrainous vertigo, Multiple sclerosis, Neurofibromatosis, Non-epileptic seizure, Oculogyric crisis, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, Ramsay Hunt syndrome , Recurrent vestibulopathy, Sensorineural hearing loss, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Stroke, Stroke recovery, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, Vasovagal episode, Vasovagal syncope, Vertebrobasilar inschemia, Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack, Vestibular neuritis
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Hyperemesis gravidarum
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic Cogan's syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol, Aminoglycosides, Atenolol, Cinchonism, Drug overdose, Gentamicin, Hellebore
Psychiatric Panic attack
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Cogan's syndrome
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Head injury, Labyrinthine concussion, Skull fractures
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Airsickness, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Decompression sickness, Deep water blackout, Morning sickness, Motion sickness, Sea-sickness, Sound pressure, Taravana, Tobacco smoking, Visceroptosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

  • Brainstem infarction
  • Brainstem ischemia
  • Bruns' syndrome
  • Cerebellar hemorrhage
  • Cogan's syndrome
  • Inferior cerebellar bleeding
  • Inferior cerebellar infarction
  • Labyrinth infarction
  • Labyrinthine concussion
  • Medicines
  • Migrainous vertigo
  • Recurrent vestibulopathy
  • Semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome
  • Vasovagal episode
  • Vertebrobasilar inschemia
  • Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attack
  • Visual vertigo


References

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