Papilledema

Papilledema
Papilledema. Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
ICD-10	H47.1
ICD-9	377.0
DiseasesDB	9580
MeSH	D010211

Papilledema
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Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Papilledema from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
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Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, MBBS

Synonyms and Keywords: papilloedema

Causes

Common Causes, Causes by Organ System, Causes in Alphabetical Order

Differentiation of Papilledema from other Disorders

Papilledema should be distinguished from pseudopapilledema which is caused by

• Optic disc drusen
• Tilted optic disc

Epidemiology and Demographics

Papilledema occurs in approximately 50% of those with a brain tumour.

Diagnosis

Checking the eyes for signs of papilledema should be carried out whenever there is a clinical suspicion of raised intracranial pressure. Because of the (rare) possibility of a brain tumor, pseudotumor cerebri or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, all of which can increase intracranial pressure, this examination has become common for patients suffering from headaches.

Physical Examination

Eyes

Images shown below are courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

• 

  Papilledema.

• 

  Pseudopapilledema.

There are 10 hallmarks of papilledema:

• Blurring of the disc margins
• Filling in of the optic disc cup
• Anterior bulging of the nerve head
• Edema of the nerve fiber layer
• Retinal or choroidal folds
• Congestion of retinal veins
• Peripapillary hemorrhages
• Hyperemia of the optic nerve head
• Nerve fiber layer infarcts
• Hard exudates of the optic disc

References

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