Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(3 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 45: Line 45:
}}</ref><ref name="AC">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="AC2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11736938">{{cite journal| author=García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A et al.| title=Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2001 | volume= 115 | issue= 3 | pages= 575-82 | pmid=11736938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11736938  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12720138">{{cite journal| author=Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G et al.| title=Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Semin Oncol | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-5 | pmid=12720138 | doi=10.1053/sonc.2003.50064 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12720138  }}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="AC">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="AC2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11736938">{{cite journal| author=García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A et al.| title=Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2001 | volume= 115 | issue= 3 | pages= 575-82 | pmid=11736938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11736938  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12720138">{{cite journal| author=Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G et al.| title=Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Semin Oncol | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-5 | pmid=12720138 | doi=10.1053/sonc.2003.50064 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12720138  }}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Mature [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Mutation]] of the [[MYD88|MYD88 gene]] (L265P)  
*[[Mutation]] of the [[MYD88|MYD88 gene]] (L265P)  
*[[Nonsense mutation|Nonsense]] or [[Frameshift mutation|frameshift mutations]] in the CXR4 [[gene]]
*[[Nonsense mutation|Nonsense]] or [[Frameshift mutation|frameshift mutations]] in the CXR4 [[gene]]
Line 68: Line 68:
*[[Ataxia]]
*[[Ataxia]]
*[[Bleeding]]
*[[Bleeding]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Express]] pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]]:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]] pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]]:


*[[CD19]]
*[[CD19]]
Line 130: Line 130:
*[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[infections]]
*[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[infections]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Always [[Expression|express]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Always [[Expression|expresses:]]
*[[CD5]]  
*[[CD5]]  
*[[CD38]]
*[[CD38]]
Usually [[Expression|express]]
Usually [[Expression|expresses:]]
*[[CD23]]
*[[CD23]]
Dim [[expression]] of
Dim [[expression]] of:
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD20]]
*[[Surface chemistry|Surface]] [[Immunoglobulin|Ig]]
*[[Surface chemistry|Surface]] [[Immunoglobulin|Ig]]
Line 168: Line 168:
*[[Cough]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression (genetics)|Express]]:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression (genetics)|Expresses]]:


*[[CD21]]
*[[CD21]]
Line 178: Line 178:
*[[CD79a]]  
*[[CD79a]]  


[[Expression (genetics)|Express]] [[CD23|Surface]]:  
[[Expression (genetics)|Expresses]] [[CD23|Surface]]:  
*[[IgM]]
*[[IgM]]
*[[IgG]]
*[[IgG]]
Line 330: Line 330:
*[[Clonal selection|Clonal]] [[Rearrangement|rearrangements]] of the [[immunoglobulin]] [[genes]] ([[Heavy chains|heavy]] and [[Light chain|light chains]])
*[[Clonal selection|Clonal]] [[Rearrangement|rearrangements]] of the [[immunoglobulin]] [[genes]] ([[Heavy chains|heavy]] and [[Light chain|light chains]])
**[[Deletion (genetics)|Deletion]] 7q21-32
**[[Deletion (genetics)|Deletion]] 7q21-32
**[[Translocations]] of the CDK6 [[gene]] located on 7q21
**[[Translocations]] of the CDK6 [[gene]] [[Location parameter|located]] on 7q21
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
Line 339: Line 339:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Painless swelling in the neck, [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]].
*Painless [[swelling]] in the [[neck]], [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]].
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Chest pain
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
Line 348: Line 348:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Small [[lymphocytes]]  
*Small [[lymphocytes]]  
*Transformed blasts
*[[Transformation|Transformed]] [[Blast|blasts]]
*Epithelial histocytes
*[[Epithelial]] [[histocytes]]
*Plasmacytic differentiation of neoplastic cells
*Plasmacytic [[differentiation]] of [[neoplastic]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hepatitis C]] [[infection]]
*[[Hepatitis C]] [[infection]]
Line 356: Line 356:
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]<br><ref name="SpinaKhiabanian2016">{{cite journal|last1=Spina|first1=V.|last2=Khiabanian|first2=H.|last3=Messina|first3=M.|last4=Monti|first4=S.|last5=Cascione|first5=L.|last6=Bruscaggin|first6=A.|last7=Spaccarotella|first7=E.|last8=Holmes|first8=A. B.|last9=Arcaini|first9=L.|last10=Lucioni|first10=M.|last11=Tabbo|first11=F.|last12=Zairis|first12=S.|last13=Diop|first13=F.|last14=Cerri|first14=M.|last15=Chiaretti|first15=S.|last16=Marasca|first16=R.|last17=Ponzoni|first17=M.|last18=Deaglio|first18=S.|last19=Ramponi|first19=A.|last20=Tiacci|first20=E.|last21=Pasqualucci|first21=L.|last22=Paulli|first22=M.|last23=Falini|first23=B.|last24=Inghirami|first24=G.|last25=Bertoni|first25=F.|last26=Foa|first26=R.|last27=Rabadan|first27=R.|last28=Gaidano|first28=G.|last29=Rossi|first29=D.|title=The genetics of nodal marginal zone lymphoma|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=10|year=2016|pages=1362–1373|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-02-696757}}</ref><ref name="canadiancancer">Nodal marginal zone lymphoma . Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/?region=nb Accessed on March 4, 2016</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]<br><ref name="SpinaKhiabanian2016">{{cite journal|last1=Spina|first1=V.|last2=Khiabanian|first2=H.|last3=Messina|first3=M.|last4=Monti|first4=S.|last5=Cascione|first5=L.|last6=Bruscaggin|first6=A.|last7=Spaccarotella|first7=E.|last8=Holmes|first8=A. B.|last9=Arcaini|first9=L.|last10=Lucioni|first10=M.|last11=Tabbo|first11=F.|last12=Zairis|first12=S.|last13=Diop|first13=F.|last14=Cerri|first14=M.|last15=Chiaretti|first15=S.|last16=Marasca|first16=R.|last17=Ponzoni|first17=M.|last18=Deaglio|first18=S.|last19=Ramponi|first19=A.|last20=Tiacci|first20=E.|last21=Pasqualucci|first21=L.|last22=Paulli|first22=M.|last23=Falini|first23=B.|last24=Inghirami|first24=G.|last25=Bertoni|first25=F.|last26=Foa|first26=R.|last27=Rabadan|first27=R.|last28=Gaidano|first28=G.|last29=Rossi|first29=D.|title=The genetics of nodal marginal zone lymphoma|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=10|year=2016|pages=1362–1373|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-02-696757}}</ref><ref name="canadiancancer">Nodal marginal zone lymphoma . Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/?region=nb Accessed on March 4, 2016</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Mature B-cell Lymphoma
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*Stimulation of antigen receptor by autoantigen and co-stimulatory molecule CD40
*[[Stimulated emission|Stimulation]] of [[antigen]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] by [[autoantigen]] and [[Co-stimulation|co-stimulatory]] [[molecule]] [[CD40 (protein)|CD40]]
*[[Mutation|Mutations]] in [[KMT2D]], PTTPRD, [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]]
*[[Mutation|Mutations]] in [[KMT2D]], PTTPRD, [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
Line 367: Line 367:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Painless [[swelling]] in the neck, [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]]
*Painless [[swelling]] in the [[neck]], [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]]
*Generalized and local [[lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Generalization|Generalized]] and [[local]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hemorrhage
*[[Hemorrhage]]
*Dyspepsia
*[[Dyspepsia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Follicular cells in reactive zone
*[[Follicular cells]] in [[Reaction|reactive]] zone
*Centrocyte like cells in marginal zone lymphoma
*Centrocyte like [[Cells (biology)|cells]] in [[marginal zone lymphoma]]
*Centroblasts
*Centroblasts
*[[Plasma cell|Plasma cells]]
*[[Plasma cell|Plasma cells]]
*[[Immunoblast|Immunoblasts]]  
*[[Immunoblast|Immunoblasts]]  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hepatitis C]] infection  
*[[Hepatitis C]] [[infection]]
*Chronic infectious conditions or autoimmune processes, such as:
*[[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] [[infectious]] [[conditions]] or [[autoimmune]] [[Process (anatomy)|processes]], such as:
*''H pylori'' gastritis
**''[[Helicobacter pylori|H pylori]]'' [[gastritis]]
*Hashimoto thyroiditis
**[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto thyroiditis]]
*Sjögren syndrome
**[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren syndrome]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Multiple myeloma|Multiple Myeloma]]<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Multiple myeloma|Multiple Myeloma]]<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 390: Line 390:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Chromosomal aberration|Chromosomal aberrations]] or other [[Genetics|genetic]] insults
*[[Chromosomal aberration|Chromosomal aberrations]] or other [[Genetics|genetic]] insults
*[[Malignant]] transformation of [[plasma cells]]
*[[Malignant]] [[transformation]] of [[plasma cells]]
*Clonal [[plasma cell]] proliferation
*[[Clonal selection|Clonal]] [[plasma cell]] [[proliferation]]
*  
*  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Constitutional symptoms may or may not be present
*Constitutional [[symptoms]] may or may not be present
*Diffuse [[bone]] pain and [[tenderness]] with [[osteolytic]] lesions
*[[Diffuse]] [[bone pain]] and [[tenderness]] with [[osteolytic]] [[lesions]]
*Worsens with activity
*Worsens with [[Activity (chemistry)|activity]]
*Usually involves spine and ribs (axial skeleton)
*Usually involves [[spine]] and [[ribs]] ([[axial skeleton]])
*[[Hypercalcemia]] symptoms:
*[[Hypercalcemia]] [[symptoms]]:
*Polyuria
**[[Polyuria]]
*Polydispsia
**[[Polydipsia]]
*Constipation
**[[Constipation]]
*Loss of appetite
*[[Loss of appetite]]
*Nausea and vomiting
*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
*Lethary due to anemia
*Lethary due to [[anemia]]
*Neurological symptoms:
*[[Neurological]] [[symptoms]]:
**[[Numbness]] due to [[plasma cell]] infiltration of [[nerves]] or anti-neuronal glycoprotein antibodies
**[[Numbness]] due to [[plasma cell]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of [[nerves]] or anti-[[neuronal]] [[glycoprotein]] [[antibodies]]
**[[Muscle weakness]]
**[[Muscle weakness]]
**[[Confusion]]
**[[Confusion]]
Line 415: Line 415:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Abdominal pain due to mesenteric venous thrombosis
*[[Abdominal pain]] due to [[mesenteric]] [[venous thrombosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*No diarrhea
* No [[diarrhea]]
*Constipation due to hypercalcemia
* [[Constipation]] due to [[hypercalcemia]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Hepatomegaly]]
*[[Hepatomegaly]]
*[[Splenomegaly]]
*[[Splenomegaly]]
*Abdominal tenderness (if hypercalcemia is present)
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] (if [[hypercalcemia]] is present)
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Bone marrow]] failure-related [[symptoms]], due to crowding out of normal [[bone marrow]] precursors by [[malignant]] [[plasma cells]]:
*[[Bone marrow]] [[failure]]-[[Related changes|related]] [[symptoms]], due to [[Crowdsourcing|crowding]] out of normal [[bone marrow]] [[precursors]] by [[malignant]] [[plasma cells]]:
**Easy [[bruising]], nosebleeds, bleeding [[gums]] due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
**[[Easy bruising]], [[nosebleeds]], [[bleeding gums]] due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
**[[Fatigue]], weakness, shortness of breath, [[dizziness]] and paleness due to [[anemia]]
**[[Fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[shortness of breath]], [[dizziness]] and [[paleness]] due to [[anemia]]
**Recurrent [[infections]] due to [[leukopenia]]
**[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[infections]] due to [[leukopenia]]
*Lower [[limb]] [[edema]] due to [[renal]] involvement
*[[Thrombosis|Thrombotic]] [[symptoms]], due to [[cancer]]-[[Association (statistics)|associated]] [[thrombosis]] and due to [[lenalidomide]], which increases [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] [[RiskMetrics|risk]]:
**[[Thrombosis|Thrombotic]] symptoms, due to [[cancer]]-associated [[thrombosis]] and due to [[lenalidomide]], which increases [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] risk:
**[[Shortness of breath]] due to [[pulmonary embolism]]
**Shortness of breath due to [[pulmonary embolism]]
**[[Lower extremity]] [[edema]] due to [[deep vein thrombosis]] and [[renal]] involvement
**Lower [[Limb|extremity]] [[edema]] due to [[deep vein thrombosis]]
**[[Abdominal pain]] due to [[mesenteric]] [[venous thrombosis]]
**Abdominal pain due to mesenteric venous thrombosis
**[[Transient ischemic attack]]
**[[Transient ischemic attack]]
**[[Retinal]] [[hemorrhage]]
**[[Retinal]] [[hemorrhage]]
Line 440: Line 439:
*[[Purpura]]
*[[Purpura]]
*[[Conjuctiva|Conjuctival]] [[pallor]]
*[[Conjuctiva|Conjuctival]] [[pallor]]
*[[Visual]] defects
*[[Visual]] [[Defect|defects]]
*[[Exudative]] [[retinal]] detachment
*[[Exudative]] [[retinal detachment]]
*Increased [[adipose]] deposition around the [[neck]] (if [[dexamethasone]] is used for therapy)
*Increased [[adipose]] [[Deposition (physics)|deposition]] around the [[neck]] (if [[dexamethasone]] is [[Usage analysis|used]] for [[therapy]])
*Cotton-wool spots may be present
*[[Cotton-wool spot|Cotton-wool spots]] may be present
*Bony [[tenderness]] along [[cervical]], [[thoracic]], [[lumbar]] [[spine]] and in long [[bones]]
*[[Bone|Bony]] [[tenderness]] along [[cervical]], [[thoracic]], [[lumbar]] [[spine]] and in long [[bones]]
*[[Tinel's sign]] may be present
*[[Tinel's sign]] may be present
*[[Phalen's maneuver|Phalen sign]] may be present
*[[Phalen's maneuver|Phalen sign]] may be present
*Dermatomal [[sensory loss]]
*[[Dermatome|Dermatomal]] [[sensory loss]]
*Altered [[sensation]]
*[[Altered sensorium|Altered sensation]]
*[[Neuropathy]]
*[[Neuropathy]]
*[[Neuropathy|Mood alterations (if]] [[hypercalcemia]] is present)  
*[[Neuropathy|Mood alterations (if]] [[hypercalcemia]] is present)  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Expresses  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]]:
*[[CD138]]  
 
*[[CD138]]
*[[CD38]]
*[[CD38]]
*[[CD79a]]
*[[CD79a]]
*VS38c
*VS38c
*Infrequently expresses [[CD19]]
*Infrequently [[Expression|expresses]] [[CD19]]
*[[CD56]] (expressed by 70% of myeloma cells)
*[[CD56]] ([[Expression|expressed]] by 70% of [[myeloma]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]])
*Absent surface Ig
*Absent [[Surface immunoglobulin|surface Ig]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]]
*[[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Relevant history includes:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Relevance|Relevant]] [[History and Physical examination|history]] includes:
*Review of past medical history for other [[plasma cell]] diseases, [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]], underlying [[Kidney|renal]] [[disease]], and underlying [[bone]] [[disease]]
 
*Review of [[family]] history for members with positive history of [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]]
* [[Review]] of past [[medical history]] for other [[plasma cell]] [[diseases]], [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]], underlying [[Kidney|renal]] [[disease]], and underlying [[bone]] [[disease]]
*Review of occupational history related to farming, oil industry, or [[Agent Orange]] exposure
 
*[[Review]] of [[family history]] for members with positive [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]]
*[[Review]] of [[Occupational Medicine|occupational]] [[History and Physical examination|history]] [[Related changes|related]] to farming, [[oil]] industry, or [[Agent Orange]] [[Exposure assessment|exposure]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |'''[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]<ref name="pmid10720137">{{cite journal |author=Lens D, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Coignet LJ |title=Frequent deletions at 11q23 and 13q14 in B cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) |journal=Leukemia |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=427-30 |year=2000 |pmid=10720137 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid96570132">{{cite journal |author=Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Shibuya H, Takeuchi H |title=Splenic irradiation for prolymphocytic leukemia: is it preferable as an initial treatment or not? |journal=Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=267–9 |date=April 1998 |pmid=9657013 |doi= 10.1093/jjco/28.4.267|url=http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9657013}}</ref><ref name="urlPathology">{{cite web |url=http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm |title=Pathology |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-01-31| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090207235133/http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm| archivedate= 7 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="pmid16997373">{{cite journal |author=Crisostomo RH, Fernandez JA, Caceres W |title=Complex karyotype including chromosomal translocation (8;14) (q24;q32) in one case with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=699–701 |date=May 2007 |pmid=16997373 |doi=10.1016/j.leukres.2006.06.010 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0145-2126(06)00218-9}}</ref><ref name="B-PLL">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref><ref name="B-PLL2">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref>'''
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |'''[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]<ref name="pmid10720137">{{cite journal |author=Lens D, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Coignet LJ |title=Frequent deletions at 11q23 and 13q14 in B cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) |journal=Leukemia |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=427-30 |year=2000 |pmid=10720137 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid96570132">{{cite journal |author=Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Shibuya H, Takeuchi H |title=Splenic irradiation for prolymphocytic leukemia: is it preferable as an initial treatment or not? |journal=Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=267–9 |date=April 1998 |pmid=9657013 |doi= 10.1093/jjco/28.4.267|url=http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9657013}}</ref><ref name="urlPathology">{{cite web |url=http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm |title=Pathology |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-01-31| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090207235133/http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm| archivedate= 7 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="pmid16997373">{{cite journal |author=Crisostomo RH, Fernandez JA, Caceres W |title=Complex karyotype including chromosomal translocation (8;14) (q24;q32) in one case with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=699–701 |date=May 2007 |pmid=16997373 |doi=10.1016/j.leukres.2006.06.010 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0145-2126(06)00218-9}}</ref><ref name="B-PLL">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref><ref name="B-PLL2">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref>'''
Line 480: Line 482:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Massive [[splenomegaly]]
*[[Mass|Massive]] [[splenomegaly]]
*Peripheral [[lymphadenopathy]]
*Peripheral [[lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Hepatomegaly]]  
*[[Hepatomegaly]]  
Line 491: Line 493:
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Tachypnea]]  
*[[Tachypnea]]  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Express
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]]:


*Bright surface [[IgM]]
*Bright [[Surface chemistry|surface]] [[IgM]]
*[[IgD]] +/-
*[[IgD]] +/-
*[[CD20]]  
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD22]]
*[[CD22]]
Line 506: Line 508:
*[[CD38]]
*[[CD38]]
*[[FMC7]]<ref name="pmid16997373" />
*[[FMC7]]<ref name="pmid16997373" />
Doesn't express
 
Doesn't [[Expression|express]]:
 
*[[CD10]]
*[[CD10]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Prolymphocytes]] comprise >55 percent of the [[neoplastic]] cells.
*[[Prolymphocytes]] comprise >55% of the [[neoplastic]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]]
*[[Bone marrow]] has [[interstitial]] pattern of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]].
*[[Bone marrow]] has [[interstitial]] [[pattern]] of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
*[[Lymph nodes]] may show vague nodularity, but [[proliferation]] centers are absent.
*[[Lymph nodes]] may show [[Vagueness|vague]] [[Nodular|nodularity]], but [[proliferation]] centers are absent
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*t(11;14) must be excluded
*t(11;14) must be [[Exclusion criteria|excluded]]
*No associated [[paraproteinemia]]
*No [[Association (statistics)|associated]] [[paraproteinemia]]
*More common in white race and Ashkenazi jewish male.
*More common in white [[race]] and Ashkenazi jewish [[male]]
|}
|}


{|
{|
|
|
[[File:BM DD.png|thumb|750px|none| GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit mesenchymal features in common with SLO germinal centers.(A–D) Histological examination of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: follicular lymphoma (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymmphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and CD146 (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.]]]
[[File:BM DD.png|thumb|750px|none| GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit [[mesenchymal]] features in common with SLO germinal centers. (A–D) Histological examination of B-cell [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: [[follicular lymphoma]] (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse [[large B-cell lymphoma]] (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]], (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary [[lymphoid]] organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and [[CD146]] (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.]]]
|
|
[[File:Cd19,20.png|thumb|750px|none| Expression of CD19 and CD20 in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MCL, Mantle cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; MALT, Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue; WM, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.]]]
[[File:Cd19,20.png|thumb|750px|none| Expression of [[CD19]] and [[CD20]] in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; [[ALL]], [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]; MCL, [[Mantle cell lymphoma]]; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, [[Burkitt's lymphoma|Burkitt lymphoma]]; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia|Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia]]/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; [[MALT lymphoma|MALT]], [[Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma|Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue]]; WM, [[Waldenström's macroglobulinemia|Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma|Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma]] cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.]]]
|}
|}


Line 530: Line 534:
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Blood]]
[[Category:Hematology]]

Latest revision as of 15:33, 28 October 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]

Overview

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma must be differentiated from multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, b-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma.

Differentiating Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma from other Diseases

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma must be differentiated from following other B cell lymphoid neoplasms:

Disease Etiology (Genetic or other) Clinical manifestations Paraclinical findings Associated findings
Lab findings
Symptoms Signs Immunochemistry Histopathology
Constitutional symptoms Rash Abdominal pain Diarrhea Mass Other
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia)
[1][2][3][4][5]
+ Expresses pan B-cell antigens:

Variable expression of:

Majority express:

Fewer express:

Lack expression of:

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
[6]

33% of patients present with:

Always expresses:

Usually expresses:

Dim expression of:

Follicular lymphoma
[7][8][9][10][11]
20% of patients present with: + + ± Expresses:

Expresses Surface:

Mantle cell lymphoma
[12][13][14][15][16]
Abdominal distention + Positive for:

Co-express surface:

Negative for:

_
Marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type
[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
± + + Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor and may include: B-cell associated antigens that co-express:

Negative for:

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
+ +
Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
[34][35]
+ _
Multiple Myeloma[36][37][38][39][40][41] Expresses: Relevant history includes:
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia[42][43][44][45][46][47] Expresses:

Doesn't express:

GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit mesenchymal features in common with SLO germinal centers. (A–D) Histological examination of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: follicular lymphoma (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and CD146 (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.
]
Expression of CD19 and CD20 in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MCL, Mantle cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; MALT, Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue; WM, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
]

References

  1. Steven P. Treon, Lian Xu, Guang Yang, Yangsheng Zhou, Xia Liu, Yang Cao, Patricia Sheehy, Robert J. Manning, Christopher J. Patterson, Christina Tripsas, Luca Arcaini, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Scott J. Rodig, Aliyah R. Sohani, Nancy Lee Harris, Jason M. Laramie, Donald A. Skifter, Stephen E. Lincoln & Zachary R. Hunter (2012). "MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". The New England journal of medicine. 367 (9): 826–833. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200710. PMID 22931316. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT (2014). "Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 113 (4): 255–7. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007. PMID 24685302.
  3. Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT (2014). "Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 113 (4): 255–7. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007. PMID 24685302.
  4. García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A; et al. (2001). "Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases". Br J Haematol. 115 (3): 575–82. PMID 11736938.
  5. Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G; et al. (2003). "Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". Semin Oncol. 30 (2): 211–5. doi:10.1053/sonc.2003.50064. PMID 12720138.
  6. Klein, Ulf; Tu, Yuhai; Stolovitzky, Gustavo A.; Mattioli, Michela; Cattoretti, Giorgio; Husson, Hervé; Freedman, Arnold; Inghirami, Giorgio; Cro, Lilla; Baldini, Luca; Neri, Antonino; Califano, Andrea; Dalla-Favera, Riccardo (2001). "Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 194 (11): 1625–1638. doi:10.1084/jem.194.11.1625. ISSN 0022-1007.
  7. Ganapathi KA, Pittaluga S, Odejide OO, Freedman AS, Jaffe ES (2014). "Early lymphoid lesions: conceptual, diagnostic and clinical challenges". Haematologica. 99 (9): 1421–32. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.107938. PMC 4562530. PMID 25176983.
  8. Lorsbach RB, Shay-Seymore D, Moore J, Banks PM, Hasserjian RP, Sandlund JT; et al. (2002). "Clinicopathologic analysis of follicular lymphoma occurring in children". Blood. 99 (6): 1959–64. PMID 11877266.
  9. Overview at UMDNJ
  10. Bosga-Bouwer AG, Haralambieva E, Booman M; et al. (November 2005). "BCL6 alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region associated with follicular lymphoma grade 3B". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 44 (3): 301–4. doi:10.1002/gcc.20246. PMID 16075463.
  11. Winberg CD, Nathwani BN, Bearman RM, Rappaport H (1981). "Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: a clinicopathologic study of 12 patients". Cancer. 48 (10): 2223–35. PMID 7028244.
  12. Itziar Salaverria, Cristina Royo, Alejandra Carvajal-Cuenca, Guillem Clot, Alba Navarro, Alejandra Valera, Joo Y. Song, Renata Woroniecka, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Wolfram Klapper, Elena M. Hartmann, Pierre Sujobert, Iwona Wlodarska, Judith A. Ferry, Philippe Gaulard, German Ott, Andreas Rosenwald, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Nancy L. Harris, Elaine S. Jaffe, Reiner Siebert, Elias Campo & Silvia Bea (2013). "CCND2 rearrangements are the most frequent genetic events in cyclin D1(-) mantle cell lymphoma". Blood. 121 (8): 1394–1402. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-08-452284. PMID 23255553. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. Markus Tiemann, Carsten Schrader, Wolfram Klapper, Martin H. Dreyling, Elias Campo, Andrew Norton, Francoise Berger, Philip Kluin, German Ott, Stephano Pileri, Ennio Pedrinis, Alfred C. Feller, Hartmut Merz, Dirk Janssen, Martin L. Hansmann, Han Krieken, Peter Moller, Harald Stein, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann & Reza Parwaresch (2005). "Histopathology, cell proliferation indices and clinical outcome in 304 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): a clinicopathological study from the European MCL Network". British journal of haematology. 131 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05716.x. PMID 16173960. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. L. H. Argatoff, J. M. Connors, R. J. Klasa, D. E. Horsman & R. D. Gascoyne (1997). "Mantle cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 80 cases". Blood. 89 (6): 2067–2078. PMID 9058729. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. Markus Tiemann, Carsten Schrader, Wolfram Klapper, Martin H. Dreyling, Elias Campo, Andrew Norton, Francoise Berger, Philip Kluin, German Ott, Stephano Pileri, Ennio Pedrinis, Alfred C. Feller, Hartmut Merz, Dirk Janssen, Martin L. Hansmann, Han Krieken, Peter Moller, Harald Stein, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann & Reza Parwaresch (2005). "Histopathology, cell proliferation indices and clinical outcome in 304 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): a clinicopathological study from the European MCL Network". British journal of haematology. 131 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05716.x. PMID 16173960. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. Julie M. Vose (2017). "Mantle cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and clinical management". American journal of hematology. 92 (8): 806–813. doi:10.1002/ajh.24797. PMID 28699667. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  18. Risks of Extranodal marginal zone of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Canadian Cancer Society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/malt-lymphoma/?region=on. Accessed on January 25, 2016
  19. Kinkade, Zoe; Esan, Olukemi A.; Rosado, Flavia G.; Craig, Michael; Vos, Jeffrey A. (2015). "Ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report". Diagnostic Pathology. 10 (1). doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0353-6. ISSN 1746-1596.
  20. Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  21. Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  22. Signs and symptoms of gastric lymphoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  23. Clinical presentation of orbital lymphoma. Dr Craig Hacking and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/orbital-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  24. Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  25. Taal, B G; Boot, H; van Heerde, P; de Jong, D; Hart, A A; Burgers, J M (1 October 1996). "Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach: endoscopic pattern and prognosis in low versus high grade malignancy in relation to the MALT concept". Gut. 39 (4): 556–561. doi:10.1136/gut.39.4.556.
  26. Bacon CM, Du MQ, Dogan A (2007). "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practical guide for pathologists". J Clin Pathol. 60 (4): 361–72. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.031146. PMC 2001121. PMID 16950858.
  27. Hernández JM, García JL, Gutiérrez NC, Mollejo M, Martínez-Climent JA, Flores T, González MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF (May 2001). "Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics". Am. J. Pathol. 158 (5): 1843–50. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64140-5. PMC 1891967. PMID 11337382.
  28. Andersen CL, Gruszka-Westwood A, Atkinson S, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Pedersen RK, Pedersen BB, Pulczynski S, Hokland P, Jacobsen E, Koch J (January 2005). "Recurrent genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal-zone lymphoma revealed by comparative genomic hybridization". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 156 (2): 122–8. doi:10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.026. PMID 15642391.
  29. Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F (September 2010). "Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group". Blood. 116 (9): 1479–88. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476. PMID 20479288.
  30. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf57e3e27c3994bd5327/. Accessed on December 22, 2015
  31. Weng WK, Levy S (July 2003). "Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lymphomagenesis". Leuk. Lymphoma. 44 (7): 1113–20. doi:10.1080/1042819031000076972. PMID 12916862.
  32. Quinn ER, Chan CH, Hadlock KG, Foung SK, Flint M, Levy S (December 2001). "The B-cell receptor of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma binds the viral E2 envelope protein, implicating HCV in lymphomagenesis". Blood. 98 (13): 3745–9. PMID 11739181.
  33. Chuang SS, Liao YL, Chang ST, Hsieh YC, Kuo SY, Lu CL, Hwang WS, Lin IH, Tsao CJ, Huang WT (July 2010). "Hepatitis C virus infection is significantly associated with malignant lymphoma in Taiwan, particularly with nodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas". J. Clin. Pathol. 63 (7): 595–8. doi:10.1136/jcp.2010.076810. PMID 20530156.
  34. Spina, V.; Khiabanian, H.; Messina, M.; Monti, S.; Cascione, L.; Bruscaggin, A.; Spaccarotella, E.; Holmes, A. B.; Arcaini, L.; Lucioni, M.; Tabbo, F.; Zairis, S.; Diop, F.; Cerri, M.; Chiaretti, S.; Marasca, R.; Ponzoni, M.; Deaglio, S.; Ramponi, A.; Tiacci, E.; Pasqualucci, L.; Paulli, M.; Falini, B.; Inghirami, G.; Bertoni, F.; Foa, R.; Rabadan, R.; Gaidano, G.; Rossi, D. (2016). "The genetics of nodal marginal zone lymphoma". Blood. 128 (10): 1362–1373. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-02-696757. ISSN 0006-4971.
  35. Nodal marginal zone lymphoma . Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/?region=nb Accessed on March 4, 2016
  36. Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  37. Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
  38. Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  39. Reisenbuckler C (2014). "Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging". Radiol Technol. 85 (4): 391–410, quiz 411–3. PMID 24614435.
  40. Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T (October 2015). "Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 15 (10): 563–77.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003. PMID 26294217.
  41. Eslick R, Talaulikar D (October 2013). "Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment". Aust Fam Physician. 42 (10): 684–8. PMID 24130968.
  42. Lens D, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Coignet LJ (2000). "Frequent deletions at 11q23 and 13q14 in B cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)". Leukemia. 14 (3): 427–30. PMID 10720137.
  43. Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Shibuya H, Takeuchi H (April 1998). "Splenic irradiation for prolymphocytic leukemia: is it preferable as an initial treatment or not?". Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 28 (4): 267–9. doi:10.1093/jjco/28.4.267. PMID 9657013.
  44. "Pathology". Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
  45. 45.0 45.1 Crisostomo RH, Fernandez JA, Caceres W (May 2007). "Complex karyotype including chromosomal translocation (8;14) (q24;q32) in one case with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia". Leuk. Res. 31 (5): 699–701. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2006.06.010. PMID 16997373.
  46. "National cancer institute".
  47. "National cancer institute".

Template:WH Template:WS