Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma|here]]'''
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Lymphoplasmacytic_lymphoma]]


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{S.M.}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{S.M.}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] must be differentiated from [[multiple myeloma]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]], [[b-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[follicular lymphoma]], [[mantle cell lymphoma]], and [[marginal zone lymphoma]].
[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] must be [[Differentiate|differentiated]] from [[multiple myeloma]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]], [[b-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[follicular lymphoma]], [[mantle cell lymphoma]], and [[marginal zone lymphoma]].


==Differentiating Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma from other Diseases==
[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] must be differentiated from other [[B cell]] [[lymphoid]] [[neoplasms]] including:
[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] must be [[Differentiate|differentiated]] from following other [[B cell]] [[lymphoid]] [[neoplasms]]:  
 
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]]:
:*Always express [[CD5]].
:*Usually [[CD23]] positive.<ref name="CLL">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D, Caligaris-Cappio F, Dighiero G, Döhner H, Hillmen P, Keating MJ, Montserrat E, Rai KR, Kipps TJ |title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute-Working Group 1996 guidelines |journal=Blood |volume=111 |issue=12 |pages=5446–56 |year=2008 |pmid=18216293 |pmc=2972576 |doi=10.1182/blood-2007-06-093906 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]:
:*Express bright surface [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], [[CD20]] and other [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD22]], [[CD79a]], [[FMC7]]).<ref name=",m">{{cite journal |vauthors=Del Giudice I, Davis Z, Matutes E, Osuji N, Parry-Jones N, Morilla A, Brito-Babapulle V, Oscier D, Catovsky D |title=IgVH genes mutation and usage, ZAP-70 and CD38 expression provide new insights on B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) |journal=Leukemia |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=1231–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16642047 |doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2404238 |url=}}</ref><ref name="njl">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ravandi F, O'Brien S |title=Chronic lymphoid leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=80 |issue=12 |pages=1660–74 |year=2005 |pmid=16342661 |doi=10.4065/80.12.1660 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]:
:*Express [[CD10]], [[HLA-DR]], pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD20]], [[CD79a]]), [[CD21]], and surface [[IgM]], [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]], or [[IgA]].
:*Rearrangement of [[Bcl-2|Bcl-2.]]<ref name="FL">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karube K, Guo Y, Suzumiya J, Sugita Y, Nomura Y, Yamamoto K, Shimizu K, Yoshida S, Komatani H, Takeshita M, Kikuchi M, Nakamura N, Takasu O, Arakawa F, Tagawa H, Seto M, Ohshima K |title=CD10-MUM1+ follicular lymphoma lacks BCL2 gene translocation and shows characteristic biologic and clinical features |journal=Blood |volume=109 |issue=7 |pages=3076–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17138820 |doi=10.1182/blood-2006-09-045989 |url=}}</ref><ref name="FL1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson KC, Bates MP, Slaughenhoupt BL, Pinkus GS, Schlossman SF, Nadler LM |title=Expression of human B cell-associated antigens on leukemias and lymphomas: a model of human B cell differentiation |journal=Blood |volume=63 |issue=6 |pages=1424–33 |year=1984 |pmid=6609729 |doi= |url=}}
:*Bone marrow infiltration of small, cleaved cells that are usually paratrabecular
</ref>
 
*[[Multiple myeloma]]:
:*Express [[CD138]], [[CD38]], [[CD79a]], VS38c and [[CD56]] (70%)
:*Presence of plasmacytic cell infiltration of [[bone marrow]], osteolytic lesions, and [[renal insufficiency]]
:*[[Translocation]] involving [[chromosome 11]] (t11;14)<ref name="UTD">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pangalis GA, Kyrtsonis MC, Kontopidou FN, Vassilakopoulos TP, Siakantaris MP, Dimopoulou MN, Kittas C, Angelopoulou MK |title=Differential diagnosis of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia from other low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=201–5 |year=2003 |pmid=12720136 |doi=10.1053/sonc.2003.50046 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]:
:* Expresses [[CD5]]+ and [[CD23]]+
:* Expresses surface [[IgM]], [[IgD]], and [[cyclin D1]] in majority of cases
:*Infiltration of [[bone marrow]] by monomorphous small [[lymphoid]] cells with irregular [[nuclei]]<ref name="MCL">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dorfman DM, Pinkus GS |title=Distinction between small lymphocytic and mantle cell lymphoma by immunoreactivity for CD23 |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=326–31 |year=1994 |pmid=8058704 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="MCL1">{{cite journal |vauthors=DiRaimondo F, Albitar M, Huh Y, O'Brien S, Montillo M, Tedeschi A, Kantarjian H, Lerner S, Giustolisi R, Keating M |title=The clinical and diagnostic relevance of CD23 expression in the chronic lymphoproliferative disease |journal=Cancer |volume=94 |issue=6 |pages=1721–30 |year=2002 |pmid=11920534 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Marginal zone lymphoma]]:
:*Expresses [[B cell]] markers [[CD19]], [[CD20]], and [[CD22]].
:*Infiltrates the [[bone marrow]] with a characteristic intertrabecular and intrasinusoidal pattern
:*Most common [[cytogenetic]] abnormalities are loss of 7q (19%) along with +3q (19%) and +5q (10% )<ref name="add">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, Lister TA, Bloomfield CD |title=World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997 |journal=J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=3835–49 |year=1999 |pmid=10577857 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="asdf">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan JK, Cleary ML, Delsol G, De Wolf-Peeters C, Falini B, Gatter KC |title=A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group |journal=Blood |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=1361–92 |year=1994 |pmid=8068936 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''[[Histopathology]], [[immunophenotype]], and [[genetic]] features of [[differential diagnosis]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]'''
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease entity
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Histopathology
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Immunophenotype
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Genetic or other features
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* ≥10 percent infiltration by small [[lymphocytes]], plasmacytoid [[lymphocytes]], and [[plasma cells]], with variable numbers of admixed immunoblasts.
 
*Characteristic (but not pathognomonic) [[hyperplasia]] of [[mast cells]] in marrow.
*[[Lymph nodes]] are usually diffusely effaced.
*Absence of [[proliferation]] centers and [[marginal zone]] type [[differentiation]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Expression of pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD20]], [[CD22]], [[CD79a]]).
 
*Failure to express [[CD5]] in mostly cases.
*Variable expression of [[CD11c]], [[CD43]], [[CD25]].
*Mostly cases have [[IgM]] expression with only fewer expressing [[IgG]] or [[IgA]].
*No [[CD10]] and [[cyclin D1]] [[expression]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Majority have a monoclonal [[IgM]] [[paraprotein]].
 
*No specific [[chromosomal abnormalities]].
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* "Typical" [[CLL]]/[[SLL]] cells are small mature appearing [[lymphocytes]] with a dense [[nucleus]], partially aggregated [[chromatin]], no discernible [[nucleoli]], and a narrow border of clear to slightly [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Always express [[CD5]].
 
*Usually [[CD23]] positive.
*Dim [[expression]] of [[CD20]] and surface Ig.
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Del13q, del 11q, del17p, [[trisomy]] 12
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Prolymphocytes]] comprise >55 percent of the [[neoplastic]] cells.
 
*[[Bone marrow]] has [[interstitial]] pattern of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]].
*[[Lymph nodes]] may show vague nodularity, but [[proliferation]] centers are absent.
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Express bright surface [[IgM]] +/- [[IgD]] and bright [[CD20]] as well as other [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD22]], [[CD79a]], [[FMC7]]).
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* t(11;14) must be excluded.
 
*No associated [[paraproteinemia]].
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Follicular lymphoma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Nodular]] growth pattern of [[follicle]] center cells (centrocytes and centroblasts).
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Typically express [[CD10]], [[HLA-DR]], pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD20]], [[CD79a]]), [[CD21]], and surface [[IgM]], [[IgG]], or [[IgA]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* t(14;18)
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Multiple myeloma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Absent Surface Ig.
 
*Expresses [[CD138]], [[CD38]], [[CD79a]], and VS38c.
*Infrequently expresses [[CD19]].
*Approximately 70 percent of myeloma cells will express [[CD56]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Cytogenetics]] usually abnormal, although there is no specific [[cytogenetic]] abnormality.
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Monomorphous small to medium-sized [[B lymphocytes]] with irregular [[nuclei]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[CD5]]+ and [[CD23]]-.
 
*Typically co-express surface [[IgM]] and [[IgD]].
*The vast majority over-express [[cyclin D1]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* t(11;14)
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Marginal zone lymphoma]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Polymorphous infiltrate of small cells with paler-appearing marginal zone-type [[differentiation]] in [[lymph nodes]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* Expresses [[B cell]] markers [[CD19]], [[CD20]], and [[CD22]], and not [[CD5]], [[CD10]], and [[CD23]].
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Chromosomal abnormalities]], usually [[trisomy]] 3 or t(11;18), are found in most cases.
 
*May demonstrate mixed [[cryoglobulinemia]] +/- [[hepatitis C]] [[infection]].
|}


{|
{|
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}}</ref><ref name="AC">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="AC2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11736938">{{cite journal| author=García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A et al.| title=Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2001 | volume= 115 | issue= 3 | pages= 575-82 | pmid=11736938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11736938  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12720138">{{cite journal| author=Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G et al.| title=Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Semin Oncol | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-5 | pmid=12720138 | doi=10.1053/sonc.2003.50064 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12720138  }}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="AC">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="AC2">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT |title=Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=255–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24685302 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11736938">{{cite journal| author=García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A et al.| title=Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2001 | volume= 115 | issue= 3 | pages= 575-82 | pmid=11736938 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11736938  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12720138">{{cite journal| author=Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G et al.| title=Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Semin Oncol | year= 2003 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 211-5 | pmid=12720138 | doi=10.1053/sonc.2003.50064 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12720138  }}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* [[Mutation]] of the [[MYD88|MYD88 gene]] (L265P)  
*[[Mutation]] of the [[MYD88|MYD88 gene]] (L265P)  
* [[Nonsense mutation|Nonsense]] or [[Frameshift mutation|frameshift mutations]] in the CXR4 [[gene]]
*[[Nonsense mutation|Nonsense]] or [[Frameshift mutation|frameshift mutations]] in the CXR4 [[gene]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Weakness]]
*[[Weakness]]
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Generalized and local [[lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Generalization|Generalized]] and [[local]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Retinal]] [[hemorrhage]] with [[Blurred vision|blurring of vision]]
*[[Retinal]] [[hemorrhage]] with [[Blurred vision|blurring of vision]]
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*[[Ataxia]]
*[[Ataxia]]
*[[Bleeding]]
*[[Bleeding]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Express pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]] pan [[B-cell]] [[antigens]]:
 
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD20]]
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*[[CD79A|CD79a]]
*[[CD79A|CD79a]]
*[[CD5]]
*[[CD5]]
Variable [[expression]] of
 
[[Variable]] [[expression]] of:
*[[CD11c]]
*[[CD11c]]
*[[CD43]]
*[[CD43]]
*[[CD25]]
*[[CD25]]
Majority [[Expression (genetics)|express]]
Majority [[Expression (genetics)|express]]:
*[[IgM]] [[surface immunoglobulin]]
*[[IgM]] [[surface immunoglobulin]]
Fewer [[Expression (genetics)|express]]
 
[[Fewmets|Fewer]] [[Expression (genetics)|express]]:
*[[IgG]] or [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
*[[IgG]] or [[Immunoglobulin A|IgA]]
*Lack [[Immunoglobulin D|IgD]]
*Lack [[Immunoglobulin D|IgD]]
Lack [[expression]] of
 
[[Lack (manque)|Lack]] [[expression]] of:
*[[CD10]]
*[[CD10]]
*[[Cyclin D1]]
*[[Cyclin D1]]
| align="left" style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| align="left" style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* ≥10 percent [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] by small [[lymphocytes]], plasmacytoid [[lymphocytes]], and [[plasma cells|plasma cells.]]
*≥10 percent [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] by small [[lymphocytes]], plasmacytoid [[lymphocytes]], and [[plasma cells]]
* Variable numbers of admixed immunoblasts.
*[[Variable]] [[Number|numbers]] of admixed [[Immunoblast|immunoblasts]]
*[[Hyperplasia]] of [[mast cells]] in [[Bone marrow|marrow]] (characteristic but not pathognomonic)  
*[[Hyperplasia]] of [[mast cells]] in [[Bone marrow|marrow]] ([[Characteristic impedance|characteristic]] but not [[pathognomonic]])
*Diffusely effaced [[Lymph nodes]]  
*[[Diffuse|Diffusely]] [[Effacement|effaced]] [[lymph nodes]]
*Absence of [[proliferation]] centers and [[marginal zone]] type [[differentiation]]
*Absence of [[proliferation]] centers and [[marginal zone]] type [[differentiation]]
* [[Russell bodies]] (intracytoplasmic inclusions)
*[[Russell bodies]] (intracytoplasmic [[inclusions]])
* Dutcher bodies (intranuclear inclusions)
*Dutcher [[Body|bodies]] (intranuclear [[inclusions]])
* Prominent [[Epithelioid histiocyte|epithelioid histiocytes]]
*Prominent [[Epithelioid histiocyte|epithelioid histiocytes]]
| align="left" style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| align="left" style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* [[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
* [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]/[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]/[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
* [[Brain tumor]]
*[[Brain tumor]]
* [[MALT lymphoma|Renal MALT lymphoma]]  
*[[MALT lymphoma|Renal MALT lymphoma]]  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia|B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]]<br><ref name="KleinTu2001">{{cite journal|last1=Klein|first1=Ulf|last2=Tu|first2=Yuhai|last3=Stolovitzky|first3=Gustavo A.|last4=Mattioli|first4=Michela|last5=Cattoretti|first5=Giorgio|last6=Husson|first6=Hervé|last7=Freedman|first7=Arnold|last8=Inghirami|first8=Giorgio|last9=Cro|first9=Lilla|last10=Baldini|first10=Luca|last11=Neri|first11=Antonino|last12=Califano|first12=Andrea|last13=Dalla-Favera|first13=Riccardo|title=Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine|volume=194|issue=11|year=2001|pages=1625–1638|issn=0022-1007|doi=10.1084/jem.194.11.1625}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia|B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[small lymphocytic lymphoma]]<br><ref name="KleinTu2001">{{cite journal|last1=Klein|first1=Ulf|last2=Tu|first2=Yuhai|last3=Stolovitzky|first3=Gustavo A.|last4=Mattioli|first4=Michela|last5=Cattoretti|first5=Giorgio|last6=Husson|first6=Hervé|last7=Freedman|first7=Arnold|last8=Inghirami|first8=Giorgio|last9=Cro|first9=Lilla|last10=Baldini|first10=Luca|last11=Neri|first11=Antonino|last12=Califano|first12=Andrea|last13=Dalla-Favera|first13=Riccardo|title=Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine|volume=194|issue=11|year=2001|pages=1625–1638|issn=0022-1007|doi=10.1084/jem.194.11.1625}}</ref>


| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* [[Chromosome 13]] abnormalties
*[[Chromosome 13]] [[Abnormality (behavior)|abnormalities]]
* Del13q
*[[Deletion (genetics)|Del]]13q
* Del11q
*[[Deletion (genetics)|Del]]11q
* Del17p
*[[Deletion (genetics)|Del]]17p
* [[Trisomy]] 12
*[[Trisomy]] 12
*  
*  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
33% of patients present with:
33% of [[patients]] [[Presenting symptom|present]] with:
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Weight loss]]
Line 242: Line 126:
* Painless [[lymphadenopathy]]
* Painless [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* May be [[asymptomatic]]
*May be [[asymptomatic]]
* [[Fatigue]]  
*[[Fatigue]]  
* Recurrent [[infections]]
*[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[infections]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Always [[Expression|express]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Always [[Expression|expresses:]]
* [[CD5]]  
*[[CD5]]  
* [[CD38]]
*[[CD38]]
Usually [[Expression|express]]
Usually [[Expression|expresses:]]
* [[CD23]]
*[[CD23]]
Dim [[expression]] of
Dim [[expression]] of:
* [[CD20]]
*[[CD20]]
* Surface Ig  
*[[Surface chemistry|Surface]] [[Immunoglobulin|Ig]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Monoclonal [[B cells|small well differentiated]] [[lymphocytes]] with a dense [[nucleus]], partially aggregated [[chromatin]], no discernible [[nucleoli]], and a narrow border of clear to slightly [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]
*Monoclonal [[B cells|small well differentiated]] [[lymphocytes]] with a [[dense]] [[nucleus]], partially aggregated [[chromatin]], no discernible [[nucleoli]], and a narrow border of clear to slightly [[basophilic]] [[cytoplasm]]
* Significant  number of [[smudge cells]] or [[basket cells]]
*[[Significant figure|Significant]] [[number]] of [[smudge cells]] or [[basket cells]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
* [[Red cell]] [[aplasia]]
*[[Red cell]] [[aplasia]]
* [[Autoimmune]] [[thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Autoimmune]] [[thrombocytopenia]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Follicular lymphoma]]<br><ref name="pmid25176983">{{cite journal| author=Ganapathi KA, Pittaluga S, Odejide OO, Freedman AS, Jaffe ES| title=Early lymphoid lesions: conceptual, diagnostic and clinical challenges. | journal=Haematologica | year= 2014 | volume= 99 | issue= 9 | pages= 1421-32 | pmid=25176983 | doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.107938 | pmc=4562530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25176983  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11877266">{{cite journal| author=Lorsbach RB, Shay-Seymore D, Moore J, Banks PM, Hasserjian RP, Sandlund JT et al.| title=Clinicopathologic analysis of follicular lymphoma occurring in children. | journal=Blood | year= 2002 | volume= 99 | issue= 6 | pages= 1959-64 | pmid=11877266 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11877266  }}</ref><ref>[http://pleiad.umdnj.edu/hemepath/follicular/follicular.html Overview] at [[University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey|UMDNJ]]</ref><ref name="pmid16075463">{{cite journal |author=Bosga-Bouwer AG, Haralambieva E, Booman M, ''et al.'' |title=BCL6 alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region associated with follicular lymphoma grade 3B |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=301–4 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16075463 |doi=10.1002/gcc.20246}}</ref><ref name="pmid7028244">{{cite journal| author=Winberg CD, Nathwani BN, Bearman RM, Rappaport H| title=Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: a clinicopathologic study of 12 patients. | journal=Cancer | year= 1981 | volume= 48 | issue= 10 | pages= 2223-35 | pmid=7028244 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7028244  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Follicular lymphoma]]<br><ref name="pmid25176983">{{cite journal| author=Ganapathi KA, Pittaluga S, Odejide OO, Freedman AS, Jaffe ES| title=Early lymphoid lesions: conceptual, diagnostic and clinical challenges. | journal=Haematologica | year= 2014 | volume= 99 | issue= 9 | pages= 1421-32 | pmid=25176983 | doi=10.3324/haematol.2014.107938 | pmc=4562530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25176983  }}</ref><ref name="pmid11877266">{{cite journal| author=Lorsbach RB, Shay-Seymore D, Moore J, Banks PM, Hasserjian RP, Sandlund JT et al.| title=Clinicopathologic analysis of follicular lymphoma occurring in children. | journal=Blood | year= 2002 | volume= 99 | issue= 6 | pages= 1959-64 | pmid=11877266 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11877266  }}</ref><ref>[http://pleiad.umdnj.edu/hemepath/follicular/follicular.html Overview] at [[University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey|UMDNJ]]</ref><ref name="pmid16075463">{{cite journal |author=Bosga-Bouwer AG, Haralambieva E, Booman M, ''et al.'' |title=BCL6 alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region associated with follicular lymphoma grade 3B |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=301–4 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16075463 |doi=10.1002/gcc.20246}}</ref><ref name="pmid7028244">{{cite journal| author=Winberg CD, Nathwani BN, Bearman RM, Rappaport H| title=Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: a clinicopathologic study of 12 patients. | journal=Cancer | year= 1981 | volume= 48 | issue= 10 | pages= 2223-35 | pmid=7028244 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7028244  }}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* Reciprocal [[Translocations|translocation]] t(14;18)
*Reciprocal [[Translocations|translocation]] t(14;18)
* [[Overexpression]] of ''[[BCL2-like 1 (gene)|BCL2]]''
*[[Overexpression]] of ''[[BCL2-like 1 (gene)|BCL2]]''
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |20% of patients present with:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |20% of [[patients]] [[Presenting symptom|present]] with:
 
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Weight loss]]
Line 276: Line 161:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Painless peripheral [[adenopathy]] in the [[cervical]], [[axillary]], [[inguinal]], and/or [[femoral]] regions
* Painless peripheral [[adenopathy]] in the [[cervical]], [[axillary]], [[inguinal]], and/or [[femoral]] regions
* [[Asymptomatic]] large [[abdominal mass]]
*[[Asymptomatic]] large [[abdominal mass]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Seizures]]
*[[Seizures]]
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Express
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression (genetics)|Expresses]]:
* [[CD21]]
* [[CD23]]
* [[CD10]]
* [[HLA-DR]]
* [[CD19]]
* [[CD20]]
* [[CD79a]]
Express [[CD23|Surface]]
* [[IgM]]


* [[IgG]]
*[[CD21]]
* [[IgA]]
*[[CD23]]
*[[CD10]]
*[[HLA-DR]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD79a]]
 
[[Expression (genetics)|Expresses]] [[CD23|Surface]]:
*[[IgM]]
*[[IgG]]
*[[IgA]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Nodular]] [[growth]] pattern
*[[Nodular]] [[growth]] [[pattern]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Most common clinically indolent [[NHL]]
*Most common [[Clinical|clinically]] indolent [[NHL]]
* Peripheral [[nerve]] compression
*Peripheral [[nerve]] compression
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]<br><ref>{{Cite journal
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]<br><ref>{{Cite journal
Line 358: Line 244:
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* [[CD5 (protein)|CD5]] positive [[antigen]] in pre [[germinal center]] of [[B-cell]]
*[[CD5 (protein)|CD5]] positive [[antigen]] in pre [[germinal center]] of [[B-cell]]
* Monomorphous small to medium sized [[B lymphocytes]] with irregular [[nuclei]]
*Monomorphous small to medium [[Size consistency|sized]] [[B lymphocytes]] with [[Irregular lesion|irregular]] [[nuclei]]
* [[Chromosomal translocation]] at t(11:14)
*[[Chromosomal translocation]] at t(11:14)
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Fatigue]]  
*[[Fatigue]]  
* [[Night sweats]]  
*[[Night sweats]]  
* [[Weight loss|Weight Loss]]
*[[Weight loss|Weight Loss]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Abdominal distention]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Abdominal distention]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Palpable]] masses in [[skin]], [[breast]], and [[salivary glands]]
*[[Palpable]] [[Mass|masses]] in [[skin]], [[breast]], and [[salivary glands]]
* [[Generalized lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Generalized lymphadenopathy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Extranodal involvement of [[GI tract]], [[lungs]], and [[CNS]]
*Extranodal involvement of [[GI tract]], [[lungs]], and [[CNS]]
* [[Mental retardation|Mental Retardation]]
*[[Mental retardation|Mental Retardation]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Positive for:
 
*[[CD5]]
*[[B-cell]] [[antigen]]
*[[Cyclin D1|Cyclin D]] ([[overexpression]])
 
[[Cyclin D1|Co-express]] [[Surface chemistry|surface]]:
 
*[[IgM]]
*[[IgD]]
 
Negative for:
 
* [[CD23]]-
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[CD5]]<sup>+</sup>
*[[Germinal centers]] filled by small-to-medium [[atypical lymphocytes]]
* [[CD23]]-
*[[Nodular]] [[appearance]]
* [[B-cell]] [[antigen]] positive
* Overexpression of [[Cyclin D1|Cyclin D]]
C[[Cyclin D1|o-express]] surface
* [[IgM]]
* [[IgD]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Germinal centers]] filled by small-to-medium [[atypical lymphocytes]]
* [[Nodular]] appearance
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Marginal zone lymphoma
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Marginal zone lymphoma]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of [[MALT lymphoma|mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]] (MALT) type<br><ref name="sympmalylymmnoingastry">Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="riskfactorsmaltlymphoma1">Risks of Extranodal marginal zone of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Canadian Cancer Society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/malt-lymphoma/?region=on. Accessed on January 25, 2016</ref><ref name="KinkadeEsan2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kinkade|first1=Zoe|last2=Esan|first2=Olukemi A.|last3=Rosado|first3=Flavia G.|last4=Craig|first4=Michael|last5=Vos|first5=Jeffrey A.|title=Ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report|journal=Diagnostic Pathology|volume=10|issue=1|year=2015|issn=1746-1596|doi=10.1186/s13000-015-0353-6}}</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma2">Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma22">Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma1">Signs and symptoms of gastric lymphoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="nongastricorbitlymphomasym1">Clinical presentation of orbital lymphoma. Dr Craig Hacking and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/orbital-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympmalylymmnoingastry2">Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taal|first1=B G|last2=Boot|first2=H|last3=van Heerde|first3=P|last4=de Jong|first4=D|last5=Hart|first5=A A|last6=Burgers|first6=J M|title=Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach: endoscopic pattern and prognosis in low versus high grade malignancy in relation to the MALT concept.|journal=Gut|date=1 October 1996|volume=39|issue=4|pages=556–561|doi=10.1136/gut.39.4.556}}</ref><ref name="pmid16950858">{{cite journal| author=Bacon CM, Du MQ, Dogan A| title=Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practical guide for pathologists. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2007 | volume= 60 | issue= 4 | pages= 361-72 | pmid=16950858 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2005.031146 | pmc=PMC2001121 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16950858  }}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue|Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]] of [[MALT lymphoma|mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]] ([[MALT]]) type<br><ref name="sympmalylymmnoingastry">Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="riskfactorsmaltlymphoma1">Risks of Extranodal marginal zone of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Canadian Cancer Society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/malt-lymphoma/?region=on. Accessed on January 25, 2016</ref><ref name="KinkadeEsan2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kinkade|first1=Zoe|last2=Esan|first2=Olukemi A.|last3=Rosado|first3=Flavia G.|last4=Craig|first4=Michael|last5=Vos|first5=Jeffrey A.|title=Ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report|journal=Diagnostic Pathology|volume=10|issue=1|year=2015|issn=1746-1596|doi=10.1186/s13000-015-0353-6}}</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma2">Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma22">Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympromaltlymphoma1">Signs and symptoms of gastric lymphoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="nongastricorbitlymphomasym1">Clinical presentation of orbital lymphoma. Dr Craig Hacking and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/orbital-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref name="sympmalylymmnoingastry2">Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Taal|first1=B G|last2=Boot|first2=H|last3=van Heerde|first3=P|last4=de Jong|first4=D|last5=Hart|first5=A A|last6=Burgers|first6=J M|title=Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach: endoscopic pattern and prognosis in low versus high grade malignancy in relation to the MALT concept.|journal=Gut|date=1 October 1996|volume=39|issue=4|pages=556–561|doi=10.1136/gut.39.4.556}}</ref><ref name="pmid16950858">{{cite journal| author=Bacon CM, Du MQ, Dogan A| title=Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practical guide for pathologists. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2007 | volume= 60 | issue= 4 | pages= 361-72 | pmid=16950858 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2005.031146 | pmc=PMC2001121 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16950858  }}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature B-cell Lymphoma
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* Recurrent translocation of s such as:
*[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[translocations]] such as:
** t(1;14)(p22;q32)
**t(1;14)(p22;q32)
** t(11;18)(q21;q21)
**t(11;18)(q21;q21)
** t(14;18)(q32;q21)
**t(14;18)(q32;q21)
** t(3;14)(p14.1;q32)
**t(3;14)(p14.1;q32)
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*B symptoms may or may not be present
*[[B symptoms]] may or may not be [[Presenting symptom|present]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Painless or painfull [[lymphadenopathy]] which can be gastric or non-gastric.
*Painless or [[painful]][[lymphadenopathy]] which can be [[gastric]] or non-[[gastric]]
*[[Orbital mass causes|lump in the superior lateral quadrant of the orbit]], [[breast]], [[neck]], or [[salivary gland]]
*[[Orbital mass causes|Lump in the superior lateral quadrant of the orbit]], [[breast]], [[neck]], or [[salivary gland]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Symptoms]] [[Dependent variable|depend]] on the [[Location parameter|location]] of the [[tumor]] and may include:
*Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor:
 
*[[fatigue]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[heartburn]],
*[[Heartburn]]
*[[fever]],
*[[Fever]]
*[[cough]] with [[Hemoptysis|blood in sputum]],
*[[Cough]] with [[Hemoptysis|blood in sputum]]
*[[Dyspnea|shortness of breath]]
*[[Dyspnea|Shortness of breath]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |B-cell associated antigens that co-express
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[B-cell]] [[Association (statistics)|associated]] [[antigens]] that co-[[Expression (genetics)|express]]:
* [[BCL-2]],


* [[BCL-2]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD20]]
Line 423: Line 315:
*[[CD10]]
*[[CD10]]
*[[CD43]]
*[[CD43]]
*[[cyclin D1]].
*[[Cyclin D1]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Presence of dense diffuse lymphoid infiltrate of marginal‐zone cells in lamina propria  
*[[Presenting symptom|Presence]] of [[dense]] [[diffuse]] [[lymphoid]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltrate]] of [[Marginal zone|marginal‐zone]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] in [[lamina propria]]
*prominent lymphoepithelial lesions and consisting of small atypical cells with monocytoid features.
*Prominent lymphoepithelial [[lesions]] and consisting of small atypical [[Cells (biology)|cells]] with [[monocytoid]] [[Features (pattern recognition)|features]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*''[[Helicobacter|H. pylori]]'' infection  
*''[[Helicobacter|H. pylori]]'' [[infection]]
*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]],
*[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
*[[Sjogren’s syndrome]]
*[[Sjogren’s syndrome]]
*[[Celiac disease]].
*[[Celiac disease]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]]<br><ref name="pmid11337382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernández JM, García JL, Gutiérrez NC, Mollejo M, Martínez-Climent JA, Flores T, González MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF |title=Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=158 |issue=5 |pages=1843–50 |date=May 2001 |pmid=11337382 |pmc=1891967 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64140-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15642391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersen CL, Gruszka-Westwood A, Atkinson S, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Pedersen RK, Pedersen BB, Pulczynski S, Hokland P, Jacobsen E, Koch J |title=Recurrent genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal-zone lymphoma revealed by comparative genomic hybridization |journal=Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=122–8 |date=January 2005 |pmid=15642391 |doi=10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.026 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F |title=Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group |journal=Blood |volume=116 |issue=9 |pages=1479–88 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20479288 |doi=10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476 |url=}}</ref><ref>Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf57e3e27c3994bd5327/. Accessed on December 22, 2015</ref><ref name="pmid12916862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weng WK, Levy S |title=Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lymphomagenesis |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=1113–20 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12916862 |doi=10.1080/1042819031000076972 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11739181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quinn ER, Chan CH, Hadlock KG, Foung SK, Flint M, Levy S |title=The B-cell receptor of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma binds the viral E2 envelope protein, implicating HCV in lymphomagenesis |journal=Blood |volume=98 |issue=13 |pages=3745–9 |date=December 2001 |pmid=11739181 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20530156">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chuang SS, Liao YL, Chang ST, Hsieh YC, Kuo SY, Lu CL, Hwang WS, Lin IH, Tsao CJ, Huang WT |title=Hepatitis C virus infection is significantly associated with malignant lymphoma in Taiwan, particularly with nodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=63 |issue=7 |pages=595–8 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20530156 |doi=10.1136/jcp.2010.076810 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]]<br><ref name="pmid11337382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hernández JM, García JL, Gutiérrez NC, Mollejo M, Martínez-Climent JA, Flores T, González MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF |title=Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=158 |issue=5 |pages=1843–50 |date=May 2001 |pmid=11337382 |pmc=1891967 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64140-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15642391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersen CL, Gruszka-Westwood A, Atkinson S, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Pedersen RK, Pedersen BB, Pulczynski S, Hokland P, Jacobsen E, Koch J |title=Recurrent genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal-zone lymphoma revealed by comparative genomic hybridization |journal=Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. |volume=156 |issue=2 |pages=122–8 |date=January 2005 |pmid=15642391 |doi=10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.04.026 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F |title=Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group |journal=Blood |volume=116 |issue=9 |pages=1479–88 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20479288 |doi=10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476 |url=}}</ref><ref>Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf57e3e27c3994bd5327/. Accessed on December 22, 2015</ref><ref name="pmid12916862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weng WK, Levy S |title=Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and lymphomagenesis |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=44 |issue=7 |pages=1113–20 |date=July 2003 |pmid=12916862 |doi=10.1080/1042819031000076972 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11739181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Quinn ER, Chan CH, Hadlock KG, Foung SK, Flint M, Levy S |title=The B-cell receptor of a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma binds the viral E2 envelope protein, implicating HCV in lymphomagenesis |journal=Blood |volume=98 |issue=13 |pages=3745–9 |date=December 2001 |pmid=11739181 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20530156">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chuang SS, Liao YL, Chang ST, Hsieh YC, Kuo SY, Lu CL, Hwang WS, Lin IH, Tsao CJ, Huang WT |title=Hepatitis C virus infection is significantly associated with malignant lymphoma in Taiwan, particularly with nodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=63 |issue=7 |pages=595–8 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20530156 |doi=10.1136/jcp.2010.076810 |url=}}</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Mature B-cell Lymphoma
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
* Clonal rearrangements of the [[immunoglobulin]] genes (heavy and light chains)
*[[Clonal selection|Clonal]] [[Rearrangement|rearrangements]] of the [[immunoglobulin]] [[genes]] ([[Heavy chains|heavy]] and [[Light chain|light chains]])
** Deletion 7q21-32
**[[Deletion (genetics)|Deletion]] 7q21-32
** Translocations of the CDK6 gene located on 7q21  
**[[Translocations]] of the CDK6 [[gene]] [[Location parameter|located]] on 7q21
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Fever]]
*[[Fever]]
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Painless swelling in the neck, [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]].
*Painless [[swelling]] in the [[neck]], [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]].
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Chest pain
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
*[[Bone pain]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
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| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Small [[lymphocytes]]  
*Small [[lymphocytes]]  
*Transformed blasts
*[[Transformation|Transformed]] [[Blast|blasts]]
*Epithelial histocytes
*[[Epithelial]] [[histocytes]]
*Plasmacytic differentiation of neoplastic cells
*Plasmacytic [[differentiation]] of [[neoplastic]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Hepatitis C]] infection
*[[Hepatitis C]] [[infection]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]<br><ref name="SpinaKhiabanian2016">{{cite journal|last1=Spina|first1=V.|last2=Khiabanian|first2=H.|last3=Messina|first3=M.|last4=Monti|first4=S.|last5=Cascione|first5=L.|last6=Bruscaggin|first6=A.|last7=Spaccarotella|first7=E.|last8=Holmes|first8=A. B.|last9=Arcaini|first9=L.|last10=Lucioni|first10=M.|last11=Tabbo|first11=F.|last12=Zairis|first12=S.|last13=Diop|first13=F.|last14=Cerri|first14=M.|last15=Chiaretti|first15=S.|last16=Marasca|first16=R.|last17=Ponzoni|first17=M.|last18=Deaglio|first18=S.|last19=Ramponi|first19=A.|last20=Tiacci|first20=E.|last21=Pasqualucci|first21=L.|last22=Paulli|first22=M.|last23=Falini|first23=B.|last24=Inghirami|first24=G.|last25=Bertoni|first25=F.|last26=Foa|first26=R.|last27=Rabadan|first27=R.|last28=Gaidano|first28=G.|last29=Rossi|first29=D.|title=The genetics of nodal marginal zone lymphoma|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=10|year=2016|pages=1362–1373|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-02-696757}}</ref><ref name="canadiancancer">Nodal marginal zone lymphoma . Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/?region=nb Accessed on March 4, 2016</ref>  
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]<br><ref name="SpinaKhiabanian2016">{{cite journal|last1=Spina|first1=V.|last2=Khiabanian|first2=H.|last3=Messina|first3=M.|last4=Monti|first4=S.|last5=Cascione|first5=L.|last6=Bruscaggin|first6=A.|last7=Spaccarotella|first7=E.|last8=Holmes|first8=A. B.|last9=Arcaini|first9=L.|last10=Lucioni|first10=M.|last11=Tabbo|first11=F.|last12=Zairis|first12=S.|last13=Diop|first13=F.|last14=Cerri|first14=M.|last15=Chiaretti|first15=S.|last16=Marasca|first16=R.|last17=Ponzoni|first17=M.|last18=Deaglio|first18=S.|last19=Ramponi|first19=A.|last20=Tiacci|first20=E.|last21=Pasqualucci|first21=L.|last22=Paulli|first22=M.|last23=Falini|first23=B.|last24=Inghirami|first24=G.|last25=Bertoni|first25=F.|last26=Foa|first26=R.|last27=Rabadan|first27=R.|last28=Gaidano|first28=G.|last29=Rossi|first29=D.|title=The genetics of nodal marginal zone lymphoma|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=10|year=2016|pages=1362–1373|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-02-696757}}</ref><ref name="canadiancancer">Nodal marginal zone lymphoma . Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/nodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma/?region=nb Accessed on March 4, 2016</ref>
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Mature B-cell Lymphoma
*[[Maturation|Mature]] [[B-cell]] [[Lymphoma]]
*Stimulation of antigen receptor by autoantigen and co-stimulatory molecule CD40
*[[Stimulated emission|Stimulation]] of [[antigen]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] by [[autoantigen]] and [[Co-stimulation|co-stimulatory]] [[molecule]] [[CD40 (protein)|CD40]]
*[[Mutation|Mutations]] in [[KMT2D]], PTTPRD, [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]]
*[[Mutation|Mutations]] in [[KMT2D]], PTTPRD, [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
Line 475: Line 367:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Painless [[swelling]] in the neck, [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]]
*Painless [[swelling]] in the [[neck]], [[axilla]], [[groin]], [[thorax]], and [[abdomen]]
*Generalized and local [[lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Generalization|Generalized]] and [[local]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Hemorrhage
*[[Hemorrhage]]
*Dyspepsia
*[[Dyspepsia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Follicular cells in reactive zone
*[[Follicular cells]] in [[Reaction|reactive]] zone
*Centrocyte like cells in marginal zone lymphoma
*Centrocyte like [[Cells (biology)|cells]] in [[marginal zone lymphoma]]
*Centroblasts
*Centroblasts
*[[Plasma cell|Plasma cells]]
*[[Plasma cell|Plasma cells]]
*[[Immunoblast|Immunoblasts]]  
*[[Immunoblast|Immunoblasts]]  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* [[Hepatitis C]] infection  
*[[Hepatitis C]] [[infection]]
* Chronic infectious conditions or autoimmune processes, such as:
*[[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] [[infectious]] [[conditions]] or [[autoimmune]] [[Process (anatomy)|processes]], such as:
*''H pylori'' gastritis
**''[[Helicobacter pylori|H pylori]]'' [[gastritis]]
*Hashimoto thyroiditis
**[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto thyroiditis]]
*Sjögren syndrome
**[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren syndrome]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Multiple myeloma|Multiple Myeloma]]<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Multiple myeloma|Multiple Myeloma]]<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Line 498: Line 390:
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Chromosomal aberration|Chromosomal aberrations]] or other [[Genetics|genetic]] insults
*[[Chromosomal aberration|Chromosomal aberrations]] or other [[Genetics|genetic]] insults
*[[Malignant]] transformation of [[plasma cells]]
*[[Malignant]] [[transformation]] of [[plasma cells]]
*Clonal [[plasma cell]] proliferation
*[[Clonal selection|Clonal]] [[plasma cell]] [[proliferation]]
*  
*  
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*Diffuse [[bone]] pain and [[tenderness]] with [[osteolytic]] lesions
*Constitutional [[symptoms]] may or may not be present
*Worsens with activity
*[[Diffuse]] [[bone pain]] and [[tenderness]] with [[osteolytic]] [[lesions]]
*Usually involves spine and ribs (axial skeleton)
*Worsens with [[Activity (chemistry)|activity]]
*[[Renal failure]]
*Usually involves [[spine]] and [[ribs]] ([[axial skeleton]])
*[[Hypercalcemia]] symptoms:
*[[Hypercalcemia]] [[symptoms]]:
*Polyuria
**[[Polyuria]]
*Polydispsia
**[[Polydipsia]]
*Constipation
**[[Constipation]]
*Loss of appetite
*[[Loss of appetite]]
*Nausea and vomiting
*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
*Lethary due to anemia
*Lethary due to [[anemia]]
*Neurological symptoms:
*[[Neurological]] [[symptoms]]:
** [[Numbness]] due to [[plasma cell]] infiltration of [[nerves]] or anti-neuronal glycoprotein antibodies
**[[Numbness]] due to [[plasma cell]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of [[nerves]] or anti-[[neuronal]] [[glycoprotein]] [[antibodies]]
** [[Muscle weakness]]
**[[Muscle weakness]]
** [[Confusion]]
**[[Confusion]]
** [[Dizziness]]
**[[Dizziness]]
** [[Headache]]
**[[Headache]]
** [[Paralysis]]
**[[Paralysis]]
** [[Visual]] changes
**[[Visual]] changes
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Abdominal pain due to mesenteric venous thrombosis
*[[Abdominal pain]] due to [[mesenteric]] [[venous thrombosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* No diarrhea
* No [[diarrhea]]
* Constipation due to hypercalcemia
* [[Constipation]] due to [[hypercalcemia]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Hepatomegaly]]
*[[Splenomegaly]]
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] (if [[hypercalcemia]] is present)
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Bone marrow]] [[failure]]-[[Related changes|related]] [[symptoms]], due to [[Crowdsourcing|crowding]] out of normal [[bone marrow]] [[precursors]] by [[malignant]] [[plasma cells]]:
**[[Easy bruising]], [[nosebleeds]], [[bleeding gums]] due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
**[[Fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[shortness of breath]], [[dizziness]] and [[paleness]] due to [[anemia]]
**[[Recurrence plot|Recurrent]] [[infections]] due to [[leukopenia]]
*[[Thrombosis|Thrombotic]] [[symptoms]], due to [[cancer]]-[[Association (statistics)|associated]] [[thrombosis]] and due to [[lenalidomide]], which increases [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] [[RiskMetrics|risk]]:
**[[Shortness of breath]] due to [[pulmonary embolism]]
**[[Lower extremity]] [[edema]] due to [[deep vein thrombosis]] and [[renal]] involvement
**[[Abdominal pain]] due to [[mesenteric]] [[venous thrombosis]]
**[[Transient ischemic attack]]
**[[Retinal]] [[hemorrhage]]
*[[Pallor]]
*[[Ecchymoses]]
*[[Purpura]]
*[[Conjuctiva|Conjuctival]] [[pallor]]
*[[Visual]] [[Defect|defects]]
*[[Exudative]] [[retinal detachment]]
*Increased [[adipose]] [[Deposition (physics)|deposition]] around the [[neck]] (if [[dexamethasone]] is [[Usage analysis|used]] for [[therapy]])
*[[Cotton-wool spot|Cotton-wool spots]] may be present
*[[Bone|Bony]] [[tenderness]] along [[cervical]], [[thoracic]], [[lumbar]] [[spine]] and in long [[bones]]
*[[Tinel's sign]] may be present
*[[Phalen's maneuver|Phalen sign]] may be present
*[[Dermatome|Dermatomal]] [[sensory loss]]
*[[Altered sensorium|Altered sensation]]
*[[Neuropathy]]
*[[Neuropathy|Mood alterations (if]] [[hypercalcemia]] is present)
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]]:


*
*[[CD138]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[CD38]]
*
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Expresses
*[[CD138]]  
*[[CD38]],
*[[CD79a]]
*[[CD79a]]
*VS38c
*VS38c
*Infrequently expresses [[CD19]].
*Infrequently [[Expression|expresses]] [[CD19]]
*[[CD56]] (expressed by 70% of myeloma cells)
*[[CD56]] ([[Expression|expressed]] by 70% of [[myeloma]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]])
*Absent surface Ig
*Absent [[Surface immunoglobulin|surface Ig]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*[[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]]
*[[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[plasma cells]] in the [[bone marrow]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |_
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Relevance|Relevant]] [[History and Physical examination|history]] includes:
 
* [[Review]] of past [[medical history]] for other [[plasma cell]] [[diseases]], [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]], underlying [[Kidney|renal]] [[disease]], and underlying [[bone]] [[disease]]
 
*[[Review]] of [[family history]] for members with positive [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[hematologic]] [[malignancies]]
*[[Review]] of [[Occupational Medicine|occupational]] [[History and Physical examination|history]] [[Related changes|related]] to farming, [[oil]] industry, or [[Agent Orange]] [[Exposure assessment|exposure]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |'''[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]'''
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |'''[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]<ref name="pmid10720137">{{cite journal |author=Lens D, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Coignet LJ |title=Frequent deletions at 11q23 and 13q14 in B cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) |journal=Leukemia |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=427-30 |year=2000 |pmid=10720137 |doi=}}</ref><ref name="pmid96570132">{{cite journal |author=Yamamoto K, Hamaguchi H, Nagata K, Shibuya H, Takeuchi H |title=Splenic irradiation for prolymphocytic leukemia: is it preferable as an initial treatment or not? |journal=Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=267–9 |date=April 1998 |pmid=9657013 |doi= 10.1093/jjco/28.4.267|url=http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9657013}}</ref><ref name="urlPathology">{{cite web |url=http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm |title=Pathology |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-01-31| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090207235133/http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/wcd/lympleuk.cfm| archivedate= 7 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name="pmid16997373">{{cite journal |author=Crisostomo RH, Fernandez JA, Caceres W |title=Complex karyotype including chromosomal translocation (8;14) (q24;q32) in one case with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=699–701 |date=May 2007 |pmid=16997373 |doi=10.1016/j.leukres.2006.06.010 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0145-2126(06)00218-9}}</ref><ref name="B-PLL">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref><ref name="B-PLL2">{{cite web | title = National cancer institute| url = http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf58e3e27c3994bd53f9/ }}</ref>'''


| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*  
*[[Deletion (genetics)|Deletion]] of [[chromosome 11]]
*  
*[[Chromosome 13]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Loss of appetite]]
*[[Fever]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |–
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*  
*[[Mass|Massive]] [[splenomegaly]]
*Peripheral [[lymphadenopathy]]
*[[Hepatomegaly]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*  
*Rapidly rising [[lymphocyte]] count
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Express bright surface [[IgM]] +/- [[IgD]] and bright [[CD20]] as well as other [[B-cell]] [[antigens]] ([[CD19]], [[CD22]], [[CD79a]], [[FMC7]])
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Pallor]]
*[[Petechiae]]
*[[Bruising]]
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Tachypnea]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Expression|Expresses]]:
 
*Bright [[Surface chemistry|surface]] [[IgM]]
*[[IgD]] +/-
*[[CD20]]
*[[CD19]]
*[[CD22]]
*[[CD79a]]
*[[FMC7]]
*[[CD5 (protein)|CD5]]
*[[CD45]]
*[[HLA-DR]]
*[[CD23]]+/-
*[[CD38]]
*[[FMC7]]<ref name="pmid16997373" />
 
Doesn't [[Expression|express]]:
 
*[[CD10]]
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
**[[Prolymphocytes]] comprise >55 percent of the [[neoplastic]] cells.
*[[Prolymphocytes]] comprise >55% of the [[neoplastic]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]]
**[[Bone marrow]] has [[interstitial]] pattern of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]].
*[[Bone marrow]] has [[interstitial]] [[pattern]] of [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
**[[Lymph nodes]] may show vague nodularity, but [[proliferation]] centers are absent.
*[[Lymph nodes]] may show [[Vagueness|vague]] [[Nodular|nodularity]], but [[proliferation]] centers are absent
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
*t(11;14) must be excluded
*t(11;14) must be [[Exclusion criteria|excluded]]
*No associated [[paraproteinemia]]
*No [[Association (statistics)|associated]] [[paraproteinemia]]
*More common in white [[race]] and Ashkenazi jewish [[male]]
|}
|}


{|
{|
|
|
[[File:BM DD.png|thumb|750px|none| GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit mesenchymal features in common with SLO germinal centers.(A–D) Histological examination of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: follicular lymphoma (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymmphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and CD146 (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.]]]
[[File:BM DD.png|thumb|750px|none| GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit [[mesenchymal]] features in common with SLO germinal centers. (A–D) Histological examination of B-cell [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: [[follicular lymphoma]] (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse [[large B-cell lymphoma]] (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]], (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary [[lymphoid]] organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and [[CD146]] (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.]]]
|
|
[[File:Cd19,20.png|thumb|750px|none| Expression of CD19 and CD20 in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MCL, Mantle cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; MALT, Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue; WM, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.]]]
[[File:Cd19,20.png|thumb|750px|none| Expression of [[CD19]] and [[CD20]] in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; [[ALL]], [[acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]; MCL, [[Mantle cell lymphoma]]; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, [[Burkitt's lymphoma|Burkitt lymphoma]]; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia|Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia]]/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; [[MALT lymphoma|MALT]], [[Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma|Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue]]; WM, [[Waldenström's macroglobulinemia|Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma|Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma]] cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.]]]
|}
|}


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{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Blood]]
[[Category:Hematology]]

Latest revision as of 15:33, 28 October 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]

Overview

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma must be differentiated from multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, b-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma.

Differentiating Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma from other Diseases

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma must be differentiated from following other B cell lymphoid neoplasms:

Disease Etiology (Genetic or other) Clinical manifestations Paraclinical findings Associated findings
Lab findings
Symptoms Signs Immunochemistry Histopathology
Constitutional symptoms Rash Abdominal pain Diarrhea Mass Other
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia)
[1][2][3][4][5]
+ Expresses pan B-cell antigens:

Variable expression of:

Majority express:

Fewer express:

Lack expression of:

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
[6]

33% of patients present with:

Always expresses:

Usually expresses:

Dim expression of:

Follicular lymphoma
[7][8][9][10][11]
20% of patients present with: + + ± Expresses:

Expresses Surface:

Mantle cell lymphoma
[12][13][14][15][16]
Abdominal distention + Positive for:

Co-express surface:

Negative for:

_
Marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type
[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]
± + + Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor and may include: B-cell associated antigens that co-express:

Negative for:

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
+ +
Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
[34][35]
+ _
Multiple Myeloma[36][37][38][39][40][41] Expresses: Relevant history includes:
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia[42][43][44][45][46][47] Expresses:

Doesn't express:

GC-associated lymphoid clones infiltrating the BM osteoblastic niche exhibit mesenchymal features in common with SLO germinal centers. (A–D) Histological examination of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) patient specimens. (A) The frequency of para-trabecular/osteoblastic localization of lymphoid malignant clones in 197 cases of B-NHL with bone marrow (BM) infiltration. Lymphoid clones of germinal center (GC)-derivation exhibiting preferential tropism for the BM osteoblastic niche include: follicular lymphoma (FL), T-cell rich histiocyte rich diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of GC type (DLBCL-GC). Non-GC-related lymphoid clones include: DLBCL- activated B-cell type (ABC); mantle-cell lymphoma, (MCL); marginal-zone lymphoma, (MZL); lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, (LPL). (B) Para-trabecular (left panel) and inter-trabecular (right panel) localization of two representative cases of FL with BM infiltration. The distribution of the lymphomatous infiltrates around bone trabeculae or in the inter-trabecular lacunae is highlighted by CD20 immunostaining (inserts). (C–D) FL lymphoid infiltrates localizing within the osteoblastic niche area (left panels) and inter-trabecular BM (right panels) display a stromal architecture reminiscent of that of secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) GCs and are characterized by the expression of BM-MSC markers SPARC (C) and CD146 (right D).[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4108469_onci-3-e28989-g3&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=46 Source: Sangaletti S. et al, Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori; Milan, Italy.
]
Expression of CD19 and CD20 in B-cell lineage.Notes: Illustrative representation of B-cell differentiation, maturation, antigen expression and B-cell neoplasm associated with different stages of B-cell development. Cell lines used in the research study.47–51Abbreviations: GC, germinal center; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; MCL, Mantle cell lymphoma; FL, follicular lymphoma; BL, Burkitt lymphoma; DLBCL, Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma; MZL, Marginal Zone Lymphoma; CLL/SLL, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma; MALT, Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissue; WM, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; MM, plasma cell myeloma; WSU-BL, Wayne State University-Burkitt lymphoma cell line; WSU-FSCCL, Wayne State University-follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma Cell line; WSU-NHL, Wayne State University-FL grade 3 Cell line; WSU-DLCL and WSU-DLCL2, Wayne State University-Diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cell line; WSU-WM, Wayne State University-Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia Cell line.[https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3767487_cmar-5-225Fig1&query=waldenstrom+macroglobulinaemia&it=xg&req=4&npos=15 Source: Raufi A. et al, Lymphoma Research Laboratory, Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSU-SOM), Gordon Scott Hall for Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA.
]

References

  1. Steven P. Treon, Lian Xu, Guang Yang, Yangsheng Zhou, Xia Liu, Yang Cao, Patricia Sheehy, Robert J. Manning, Christopher J. Patterson, Christina Tripsas, Luca Arcaini, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Scott J. Rodig, Aliyah R. Sohani, Nancy Lee Harris, Jason M. Laramie, Donald A. Skifter, Stephen E. Lincoln & Zachary R. Hunter (2012). "MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". The New England journal of medicine. 367 (9): 826–833. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200710. PMID 22931316. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT (2014). "Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 113 (4): 255–7. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007. PMID 24685302.
  3. Chi PJ, Pei SN, Huang TL, Huang SC, Ng HY, Lee CT (2014). "Renal MALT lymphoma associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 113 (4): 255–7. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2011.02.007. PMID 24685302.
  4. García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A; et al. (2001). "Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases". Br J Haematol. 115 (3): 575–82. PMID 11736938.
  5. Merlini G, Baldini L, Broglia C, Comelli M, Goldaniga M, Palladini G; et al. (2003). "Prognostic factors in symptomatic Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". Semin Oncol. 30 (2): 211–5. doi:10.1053/sonc.2003.50064. PMID 12720138.
  6. Klein, Ulf; Tu, Yuhai; Stolovitzky, Gustavo A.; Mattioli, Michela; Cattoretti, Giorgio; Husson, Hervé; Freedman, Arnold; Inghirami, Giorgio; Cro, Lilla; Baldini, Luca; Neri, Antonino; Califano, Andrea; Dalla-Favera, Riccardo (2001). "Gene Expression Profiling of B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Reveals a Homogeneous Phenotype Related to Memory B Cells". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 194 (11): 1625–1638. doi:10.1084/jem.194.11.1625. ISSN 0022-1007.
  7. Ganapathi KA, Pittaluga S, Odejide OO, Freedman AS, Jaffe ES (2014). "Early lymphoid lesions: conceptual, diagnostic and clinical challenges". Haematologica. 99 (9): 1421–32. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.107938. PMC 4562530. PMID 25176983.
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  9. Overview at UMDNJ
  10. Bosga-Bouwer AG, Haralambieva E, Booman M; et al. (November 2005). "BCL6 alternative translocation breakpoint cluster region associated with follicular lymphoma grade 3B". Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 44 (3): 301–4. doi:10.1002/gcc.20246. PMID 16075463.
  11. Winberg CD, Nathwani BN, Bearman RM, Rappaport H (1981). "Follicular (nodular) lymphoma during the first two decades of life: a clinicopathologic study of 12 patients". Cancer. 48 (10): 2223–35. PMID 7028244.
  12. Itziar Salaverria, Cristina Royo, Alejandra Carvajal-Cuenca, Guillem Clot, Alba Navarro, Alejandra Valera, Joo Y. Song, Renata Woroniecka, Grzegorz Rymkiewicz, Wolfram Klapper, Elena M. Hartmann, Pierre Sujobert, Iwona Wlodarska, Judith A. Ferry, Philippe Gaulard, German Ott, Andreas Rosenwald, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Nancy L. Harris, Elaine S. Jaffe, Reiner Siebert, Elias Campo & Silvia Bea (2013). "CCND2 rearrangements are the most frequent genetic events in cyclin D1(-) mantle cell lymphoma". Blood. 121 (8): 1394–1402. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-08-452284. PMID 23255553. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. Markus Tiemann, Carsten Schrader, Wolfram Klapper, Martin H. Dreyling, Elias Campo, Andrew Norton, Francoise Berger, Philip Kluin, German Ott, Stephano Pileri, Ennio Pedrinis, Alfred C. Feller, Hartmut Merz, Dirk Janssen, Martin L. Hansmann, Han Krieken, Peter Moller, Harald Stein, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann & Reza Parwaresch (2005). "Histopathology, cell proliferation indices and clinical outcome in 304 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): a clinicopathological study from the European MCL Network". British journal of haematology. 131 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05716.x. PMID 16173960. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. L. H. Argatoff, J. M. Connors, R. J. Klasa, D. E. Horsman & R. D. Gascoyne (1997). "Mantle cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study of 80 cases". Blood. 89 (6): 2067–2078. PMID 9058729. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. Markus Tiemann, Carsten Schrader, Wolfram Klapper, Martin H. Dreyling, Elias Campo, Andrew Norton, Francoise Berger, Philip Kluin, German Ott, Stephano Pileri, Ennio Pedrinis, Alfred C. Feller, Hartmut Merz, Dirk Janssen, Martin L. Hansmann, Han Krieken, Peter Moller, Harald Stein, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann & Reza Parwaresch (2005). "Histopathology, cell proliferation indices and clinical outcome in 304 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): a clinicopathological study from the European MCL Network". British journal of haematology. 131 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05716.x. PMID 16173960. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  16. Julie M. Vose (2017). "Mantle cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and clinical management". American journal of hematology. 92 (8): 806–813. doi:10.1002/ajh.24797. PMID 28699667. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  17. Non-gastric lymphomas – causes, symptoms and treatments. Lymphoma association 2016. https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Non-Gastric-malt-lymphoma.pdf. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  18. Risks of Extranodal marginal zone of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Canadian Cancer Society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/malt-lymphoma/?region=on. Accessed on January 25, 2016
  19. Kinkade, Zoe; Esan, Olukemi A.; Rosado, Flavia G.; Craig, Michael; Vos, Jeffrey A. (2015). "Ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma presenting with small bowel obstruction: a case report". Diagnostic Pathology. 10 (1). doi:10.1186/s13000-015-0353-6. ISSN 1746-1596.
  20. Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  21. Symptoms of MALT lymphoma. Cancer research UK 2016. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/non-hodgkins-lymphoma/about/types/mucosaassociated-lymphoid-tissue-lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
  22. Signs and symptoms of gastric lymphoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_lymphoma. Accessed on January 28, 2016
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  26. Bacon CM, Du MQ, Dogan A (2007). "Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma: a practical guide for pathologists". J Clin Pathol. 60 (4): 361–72. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.031146. PMC 2001121. PMID 16950858.
  27. Hernández JM, García JL, Gutiérrez NC, Mollejo M, Martínez-Climent JA, Flores T, González MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF (May 2001). "Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics". Am. J. Pathol. 158 (5): 1843–50. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64140-5. PMC 1891967. PMID 11337382.
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  29. Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F (September 2010). "Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group". Blood. 116 (9): 1479–88. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476. PMID 20479288.
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