Alopecia causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Alopecia}} | {{Alopecia}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved. | Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. [[Non-scarring alopecia]] is characterized by the absence of visible [[inflammation]] of the [[skin]] involved. Endocrine abnormalities such as [[hypothyroidism]] and [[Cushing's syndrome]], medications such as [[allopurinol]], [[warfarin]] and [[steroids]], [[autoimmune diseases]] such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], and infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]] and [[tinea capitis]] can also cause [[alopecia]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Severe emotional or physical stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair on the scalp to shed in a type of [[alopecia]] called [[telogen effluvium]]. Shampooing, combing, or just stroking thee hair can lead to massive amounts of hair being detached from the scalp. This may occur to a noticeable degree weeks or even months after the stressful episode. The rate of hair loss often slows down after about 6 - 8 months. | |||
Triggering factors may include: | |||
* High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]] | * High [[fever]] or severe [[infection]] <ref name="pmid23974577">{{cite journal| author=Grover C, Khurana A| title=Telogen effluvium. | journal=Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol | year= 2013 | volume= 79 | issue= 5 | pages= 591-603 | pmid=23974577 | doi=10.4103/0378-6323.116731 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23974577 }} </ref>. | ||
* Childbirth | * Childbirth <ref name="pmid32607303">{{cite journal| author=Asghar F, Shamim N, Farooque U, Sheikh H, Aqeel R| title=Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= e8320 | pmid=32607303 | doi=10.7759/cureus.8320 | pmc=7320655 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32607303 }} </ref> | ||
* Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss | * Major [[surgery]], major [[illness]], sudden blood loss <ref name="pmid32607303">{{cite journal| author=Asghar F, Shamim N, Farooque U, Sheikh H, Aqeel R| title=Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= e8320 | pmid=32607303 | doi=10.7759/cureus.8320 | pmc=7320655 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32607303 }} </ref> | ||
* Severe emotional stress | * Severe emotional stress <ref name="pmid32607303">{{cite journal| author=Asghar F, Shamim N, Farooque U, Sheikh H, Aqeel R| title=Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 5 | pages= e8320 | pmid=32607303 | doi=10.7759/cureus.8320 | pmc=7320655 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32607303 }} </ref> | ||
* Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein | * Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein <ref name="pmid28243487">{{cite journal| author=Guo EL, Katta R| title=Diet and hair loss: effects of nutrient deficiency and supplement use. | journal=Dermatol Pract Concept | year= 2017 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-10 | pmid=28243487 | doi=10.5826/dpc.0701a01 | pmc=5315033 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28243487 }} </ref> | ||
* A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], | * A number of medications, including [[retinoids]], [[anticoagulants]] <ref name="pmid27747798">{{cite journal| author=Watras MM, Patel JP, Arya R| title=Traditional Anticoagulants and Hair Loss: A Role for Direct Oral Anticoagulants? A Review of the Literature. | journal=Drugs Real World Outcomes | year= 2016 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-6 | pmid=27747798 | doi=10.1007/s40801-015-0056-z | pmc=4819463 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27747798 }} </ref>, [[beta-blockers]]<ref name="pmid3979099">{{cite journal| author=Shelley ED, Shelley WB| title=Alopecia and drug eruption of the scalp associated with a new beta-blocker, nadolol. | journal=Cutis | year= 1985 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 148-9 | pmid=3979099 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3979099 }} </ref>, certain [[antidepressants]] <ref name="pmid28763345">{{cite journal| author=Etminan M, Sodhi M, Procyshyn RM, Guo M, Carleton BC| title=Risk of hair loss with different antidepressants: a comparative retrospective cohort study. | journal=Int Clin Psychopharmacol | year= 2018 | volume= 33 | issue= 1 | pages= 44-48 | pmid=28763345 | doi=10.1097/YIC.0000000000000191 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28763345 }} </ref>, [[NSAIDs]] (including [[ibuprofen]]) and anticonvulsants <ref name="pmid29207731">{{cite journal| author=Thomson SR, Mamulpet V, Adiga S| title=Sodium Valproate Induced Alopecia: A Case Series. | journal=J Clin Diagn Res | year= 2017 | volume= 11 | issue= 9 | pages= FR01-FR02 | pmid=29207731 | doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/28564.10658 | pmc=5713753 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29207731 }} </ref> and trimethadione. <ref name="pmid13715510">{{cite journal| author=HOLOWACH J, SANDEN HV| title=Alopecia as a side effect of treatment of epilepsy with trimethadione. Report of two cases. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1960 | volume= 263 | issue= | pages= 1187 | pmid=13715510 | doi=10.1056/NEJM196012082632308 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13715510 }} </ref> | ||
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include: | Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include: | ||
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* [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. | * [[Alopecia areata]] -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well. | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
* [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as lupus | * [[Autoimmune]] conditions such as [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] <ref name="pmid32699719">{{cite journal| author=Forouzan P, Cohen PR| title=Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Alopecia Areata. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= e8724 | pmid=32699719 | doi=10.7759/cureus.8724 | pmc=7372242 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32699719 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Burns]] | * [[Burns]] | ||
* Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]] | * Certain infectious diseases such as [[syphilis]] | ||
* Excessive shampooing and blow-drying | * Excessive shampooing and blow-drying | ||
* [[Hormone]] changes | * [[Hormone]] changes | ||
* [[Thyroid diseases]] | * [[Thyroid diseases]] <ref name="pmid23960405">{{cite journal| author=Vincent M, Yogiraj K| title=A Descriptive Study of Alopecia Patterns and their Relation to Thyroid Dysfunction. | journal=Int J Trichology | year= 2013 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-60 | pmid=23960405 | doi=10.4103/0974-7753.114701 | pmc=3746235 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23960405 }} </ref> | ||
* Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing | * Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing | ||
* [[Radiation therapy]] | * [[Radiation therapy]] | ||
* [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp) | * [[Tinea capitis]] ([[ringworm]] of the scalp) | ||
* [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]] | * [[Tumor]] of the [[ovary]] or [[adrenal glands]] | ||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[albendazole]], [[amiodarone]], [[antidepressants]], [[beta blockers]], [[birth control pills]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[cidofovir]], [[clomifene]], [[colchicine]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[cytosine arabinoside]], [[cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[danazol]], [[daunorubicin]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aclarubicin]], [[actinomycin D]], [[albendazole]], [[amiodarone]], [[antidepressants]], [[Aprepitant]], [[beta blockers]] <ref name="pmid3979099">{{cite journal| author=Shelley ED, Shelley WB| title=Alopecia and drug eruption of the scalp associated with a new beta-blocker, nadolol. | journal=Cutis | year= 1985 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 148-9 | pmid=3979099 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3979099 }} </ref>, [[Bicalutamide]], [[birth control pills]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[cidofovir]], [[clomifene]], [[colchicine]], [[combined oral contraceptive pill]], [[Cyclophosphamide]], [[Cytarabine]], [[cytosine arabinoside]], [[cytotoxic therapeutic agents]], [[dabrafenib mesylate]], [[Dacarbazine]], [[Dactinomycin]], [[danazol]], [[daunorubicin]], [[docetaxel]], [[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]], [[eflornithine]], [[Epirubicin hydrochloride]], [[Epirubicin ]], [[Eribulin]], [[etoposide]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Fluorouracil]], [[Floxuridine]], [[fluoxymesterone]], [[gestrinone]], [[heparin]], [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[idarubicin]], [[ifosfamide]], [[interferon alpha]], [[Interferon alfa-2b ]], [[irinotecan hydrochloride]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[lamivudine]], [[leflunomide]], [[Leuprolide]], [[Levoleucovorin]], [[Levobunolol hydrochloride]], [[lomustine]], [[Megestrol]], [[melphalan]], [[mesalamine]], [[methotrexate]], [[methylphenidate]], [[minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Mitomycin]], [[mitoxantrone]], [[nabumetone]], [[naltrexone]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Olsalazine]], [[Oxandrolone]], [[oxaliplatin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[paclitaxel]], [[Palbociclib]], [[pazopanib]], [[Penicillamine]], [[Pertuzumab]], [[pixantrone]], [[pramipexole]], [[proguanil]], [[repaglinide]], [[retinoids]], [[Sargramostim]], [[Sodium aurothiomalate]], [[sorafenib]], [[stanozolol]], [[Sulfasalazine]], [[sulindac]], [[Spironolactone]], [[Temozolomide]], [[teniposide]], [[teriflunomide]], [[testosterone]], [[thiotepa]], [[Tiagabine]], [[topotecan]], [[trabectedin]], [[Tretinoin]], [[tribavirin]], [[valproic acid]], [[vemurafenib]], [[vincristine]], [[Vinblastine]], [[vismodegib]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===List of Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
*[[Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome]] | *[[Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome]] | ||
*[[Aclarubicin]] | *[[Aclarubicin]] | ||
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*[[Anemia]] | *[[Anemia]] | ||
*[[Antidepressants]] | *[[Antidepressants]] | ||
*[[Aprepitant]] | |||
*[[Atopic dermatitis]] | *[[Atopic dermatitis]] | ||
*[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]] | *[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]] | ||
*[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]] | *[[Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome]] | ||
*[[Beta blockers]] | *[[Beta blockers]] <ref name="pmid3979099">{{cite journal| author=Shelley ED, Shelley WB| title=Alopecia and drug eruption of the scalp associated with a new beta-blocker, nadolol. | journal=Cutis | year= 1985 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 148-9 | pmid=3979099 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3979099 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]] | *[[Biotinidase deficiency]] | ||
*[[Birth control pills]] | *[[Birth control pills]] | ||
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*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]] | *[[Combined oral contraceptive pill]] | ||
*[[Crash diet]] | *[[Crash diet]] | ||
*[[Cyclophosphamide]] | |||
*[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]] | *[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]] | ||
*[[Cytarabine]] | |||
*[[Cytosine arabinoside]] | *[[Cytosine arabinoside]] | ||
*[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]] | *[[Cytotoxic therapeutic agents]] | ||
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*[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]] | *[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]] | ||
* Dissecting [[cellulitis]] | * Dissecting [[cellulitis]] | ||
*[[Doxorubicin]] | *[[Docetaxel]] | ||
*[[Doxorubicin Hydrochloride]] | |||
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]] | *[[Dubowitz syndrome]] | ||
*[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]] | *[[Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome]] | ||
Line 197: | Line 202: | ||
*[[Eflornithine]] | *[[Eflornithine]] | ||
*[[Epidermolysis bullosa]] with pyloric atresia | *[[Epidermolysis bullosa]] with pyloric atresia | ||
*[[Epirubicin]] | *[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]] | ||
*[[Eribulin]] | |||
*[[Erythroderma]] | *[[Erythroderma]] | ||
*[[Etoposide]] | *[[Etoposide]] | ||
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*[[Incontinentia pigmenti]] | *[[Incontinentia pigmenti]] | ||
*[[Interferon alpha]] | *[[Interferon alpha]] | ||
*[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]] | |||
*[[Irinotecan]] | |||
*[[Iron deficiency]] | *[[Iron deficiency]] | ||
*[[Ixabepilone]] | |||
*[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]] | *[[Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type]] | ||
*[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]] | *[[Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive]] | ||
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*[[Ovarian tumor]] | *[[Ovarian tumor]] | ||
*[[Oxaliplatin]] | *[[Oxaliplatin]] | ||
*[[Oxaprozin]] | |||
*[[Paclitaxel]] | |||
*[[Palbociclib]] | |||
*[[Papular atrichia]] | *[[Papular atrichia]] | ||
*[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]] | *[[Parry-Romberg syndrome]] | ||
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*[[Retinoids]] | *[[Retinoids]] | ||
*[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]] | *[[Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome]] | ||
*[[Sargramostim]] | |||
*[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]] | *[[Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome]] | ||
*[[Secondary syphilis]] | *[[Secondary syphilis]] | ||
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*[[Stanozolol]] | *[[Stanozolol]] | ||
*Sudden [[blood loss]] | *Sudden [[blood loss]] | ||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] <ref name="pmid32699719">{{cite journal| author=Forouzan P, Cohen PR| title=Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Alopecia Areata. | journal=Cureus | year= 2020 | volume= 12 | issue= 6 | pages= e8724 | pmid=32699719 | doi=10.7759/cureus.8724 | pmc=7372242 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=32699719 }} </ref>, [[dermatomyositis]] <ref name="pmid10615903">{{cite journal| author=Callen JP| title=Dermatomyositis. | journal=Lancet | year= 2000 | volume= 355 | issue= 9197 | pages= 53-7 | pmid=10615903 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05157-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10615903 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Temozolomide]] | |||
*[[Teniposide]] | *[[Teniposide]] | ||
*[[Teriflunomide]] | *[[Teriflunomide]] | ||
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*[[Thiotepa]] | *[[Thiotepa]] | ||
*[[Thyroid diseases]] | *[[Thyroid diseases]] | ||
*[[Tiagabine]] | |||
*[[Tinea capitis]] | *[[Tinea capitis]] | ||
*[[Tinea favosa capitis]] | *[[Tinea favosa capitis]] | ||
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*[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]] | *[[Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome]] | ||
*[[Zinc deficiency]] | *[[Zinc deficiency]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:47, 25 May 2021
Alopecia Microchapters |
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Alopecia causes On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alopecia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD
Overview
Scarring alopecia is caused by numerous dermatologic factors, including glabrous skin (non-hairy), and is very difficult to diagnose and manage. Non-scarring alopecia is characterized by the absence of visible inflammation of the skin involved. Endocrine abnormalities such as hypothyroidism and Cushing's syndrome, medications such as allopurinol, warfarin and steroids, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and infectious diseases such as syphilis and tinea capitis can also cause alopecia.
Causes
Common Causes
Severe emotional or physical stress may cause one-half to three-quarters of the hair on the scalp to shed in a type of alopecia called telogen effluvium. Shampooing, combing, or just stroking thee hair can lead to massive amounts of hair being detached from the scalp. This may occur to a noticeable degree weeks or even months after the stressful episode. The rate of hair loss often slows down after about 6 - 8 months.
Triggering factors may include:
- High fever or severe infection [1].
- Childbirth [2]
- Major surgery, major illness, sudden blood loss [2]
- Severe emotional stress [2]
- Crash diets, especially those that do not contain enough protein [3]
- A number of medications, including retinoids, anticoagulants [4], beta-blockers[5], certain antidepressants [6], NSAIDs (including ibuprofen) and anticonvulsants [7] and trimethadione. [8]
Other possible causes of hair loss, especially if it is in an unusual pattern, include:
- Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.
- Anemia
- Autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus [9]
- Burns
- Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis
- Excessive shampooing and blow-drying
- Hormone changes
- Thyroid diseases [10]
- Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing
- Radiation therapy
- Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)
- Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands
Causes by Organ System
List of Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome
- Aclarubicin
- Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
- Actinomycin D
- Adenal gland tumor
- Adrenal cortex insufficiency
- Aging
- Albendazole
- Alopecia areata
- Alopecia cicatrisata
- Alopecia mucinosa
- Amiodarone
- Anemia
- Antidepressants
- Aprepitant
- Atopic dermatitis
- Autoimmune adrenalitis
- Bazex-Dupre-Christol syndrome
- Beta blockers [5]
- Biotinidase deficiency
- Birth control pills
- BRESHECK syndrome
- Burns
- Calcium channel blockers
- Canada-Cronkhite syndrome
- CARASIL
- Chagas disease
- Child birth
- Chondrodysplasia punctata 2, X-linked dominant
- Cidofovir
- Clomifene
- Colchicine
- Combined oral contraceptive pill
- Crash diet
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
- Cytarabine
- Cytosine arabinoside
- Cytotoxic therapeutic agents
- Danazol
- Daunorubicin
- Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis
- Discoid lupus erythematosus
- Dissecting cellulitis
- Docetaxel
- Doxorubicin Hydrochloride
- Dubowitz syndrome
- Dwarfism-cerebral atrophy-keratosis follicularis syndrome
- dystrophia myotonica type 2
- Eflornithine
- Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia
- Epirubicin hydrochloride
- Eribulin
- Erythroderma
- Etoposide
- Excessive blow-drying
- Excessive shampooing
- Fluoxymesterone
- Folliculitis
- Folliculitis decalvans
- Gestrinone
- Haemochromatosis
- Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS)
- Hay-Wells syndrome
- Heparin
- Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
- High fever
- Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency
- Hormone changes
- Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypervitaminosis A
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal dominant
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, autosomal recessive type
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, X-linked
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypotrichosis simplex
- Idarubicin
- Ifosfamide
- Incontinentia pigmenti
- Interferon alpha
- Irinotecan hydrochloride
- Iron deficiency
- Ixabepilone
- Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, non-Herlitz type
- Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive
- Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum op
- Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans cum ophiasi
- Lamellar ichthyosis type 2
- Leflunomide
- Lepromatous leprosy
- Lichen planopilaris
- Lichen planus
- Major illness
- Major surgery
- Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
- Melphalan
- Methotrexate
- Methylphenidate
- Mitoxantrone
- Monilethrix
- Myositis ossificans progressiva
- Myotonic dystrophy
- NSAIDs
- Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1
- Ovarian tumor
- Oxaliplatin
- Oxaprozin
- Paclitaxel
- Palbociclib
- Papular atrichia
- Parry-Romberg syndrome
- Pazopanib
- Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens
- Pixantrone
- Pregnancy
- Proguanil
- Proteus syndrome
- Pseudopelade of Brocq
- Pseudoprogeria syndrome
- Psoriasis
- Radiotherapy
- Retinoids
- Rosselli-Gulienetti syndrome
- Sargramostim
- Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome
- Secondary syphilis
- Selenium
- Severe emotional stress
- Severe infection
- Shingles
- Sorafenib
- Stanozolol
- Sudden blood loss
- Systemic lupus erythematosus [9], dermatomyositis [11]
- Temozolomide
- Teniposide
- Teriflunomide
- Testosterone
- Thallium
- Thiotepa
- Thyroid diseases
- Tiagabine
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea favosa capitis
- Topotecan
- Total congenital alopecia
- Trabectedin
- Traction alopecia
- Tretinoin
- Tribavirin
- Trichotillomania
- Tuberculoid leprosy
- Tufted folliculitis
- Valproic acid
- Vasculitis
- Vemurafenib
- Vincristine
- Vismodegib
- Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2a
- Vitamin H deficiency
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
- Werner syndrome
- Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome
- Zinc deficiency
References
- ↑ Grover C, Khurana A (2013). "Telogen effluvium". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 79 (5): 591–603. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.116731. PMID 23974577.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Asghar F, Shamim N, Farooque U, Sheikh H, Aqeel R (2020). "Telogen Effluvium: A Review of the Literature". Cureus. 12 (5): e8320. doi:10.7759/cureus.8320. PMC 7320655 Check
|pmc=
value (help). PMID 32607303 Check|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Guo EL, Katta R (2017). "Diet and hair loss: effects of nutrient deficiency and supplement use". Dermatol Pract Concept. 7 (1): 1–10. doi:10.5826/dpc.0701a01. PMC 5315033. PMID 28243487.
- ↑ Watras MM, Patel JP, Arya R (2016). "Traditional Anticoagulants and Hair Loss: A Role for Direct Oral Anticoagulants? A Review of the Literature". Drugs Real World Outcomes. 3 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1007/s40801-015-0056-z. PMC 4819463. PMID 27747798.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Shelley ED, Shelley WB (1985). "Alopecia and drug eruption of the scalp associated with a new beta-blocker, nadolol". Cutis. 35 (2): 148–9. PMID 3979099.
- ↑ Etminan M, Sodhi M, Procyshyn RM, Guo M, Carleton BC (2018). "Risk of hair loss with different antidepressants: a comparative retrospective cohort study". Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 33 (1): 44–48. doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000191. PMID 28763345.
- ↑ Thomson SR, Mamulpet V, Adiga S (2017). "Sodium Valproate Induced Alopecia: A Case Series". J Clin Diagn Res. 11 (9): FR01–FR02. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/28564.10658. PMC 5713753. PMID 29207731.
- ↑ HOLOWACH J, SANDEN HV (1960). "Alopecia as a side effect of treatment of epilepsy with trimethadione. Report of two cases". N Engl J Med. 263: 1187. doi:10.1056/NEJM196012082632308. PMID 13715510.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Forouzan P, Cohen PR (2020). "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Alopecia Areata". Cureus. 12 (6): e8724. doi:10.7759/cureus.8724. PMC 7372242 Check
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value (help). PMID 32699719 Check|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Vincent M, Yogiraj K (2013). "A Descriptive Study of Alopecia Patterns and their Relation to Thyroid Dysfunction". Int J Trichology. 5 (1): 57–60. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.114701. PMC 3746235. PMID 23960405.
- ↑ Callen JP (2000). "Dermatomyositis". Lancet. 355 (9197): 53–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)05157-0. PMID 10615903.