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__NOTOC__
{{Bladder cancer}}
{{Bladder cancer}}
{{SCC}}
{{SCC}}; {{AE}} {{SC}} {{F.K}}
==Overview==
Bladder cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on [[TNM system]].


==TNM Staging==
* Stage 0a<ref name="pmid26427696">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rais-Bahrami S, Pietryga JA, Nix JW |title=Contemporary role of advanced imaging for bladder cancer staging |journal=Urol. Oncol. |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=124–33 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26427696 |doi=10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.018 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25724433">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKibben MJ, Woods ME |title=Preoperative imaging for staging bladder cancer |journal=Curr Urol Rep |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=22 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25724433 |doi=10.1007/s11934-015-0496-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25836929">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sun M, Trinh QD |title=Diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=205–18, vii |date=April 2015 |pmid=25836929 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.013 |url=}}</ref><ref>Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/staging/?region=ab Accessed on October, 6 2015 </ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Ta
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional [[lymph node]] metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant [[metastasis]]
|}


==Staging==
* Stage 0is
The following stages are used to classify the location, size, and spread of the cancer, according to the TNM (tumor, lymph node, and metastasis) staging system:
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Tis
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Non-invasive flat urothelial carcinoma
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}


*'''Stage 0''': Cancer cells are found only on the inner lining of the bladder.
* Stage I
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The [[tumor]] is invasive. It has grown into the [[lamina propria]] but has not grown into the muscle of the bladder wall
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional [[lymph node]] metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant [[metastasis]]
|}


*'''Stage I''': Cancer cells have proliferated to the layer beyond the inner lining of the urinary bladder but not to the muscles of the urinary bladder.
* Stage II
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2a
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the inner half of the muscle of the bladder wall
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}


*'''Stage II''': Cancer cells have proliferated to the muscles in the bladder wall but not to the fatty tissue that surrounds the urinary bladder.
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T2b
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the outer half of the muscle of the bladder wall
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}


*'''Stage III''': Cancer cells have proliferated to the fatty tissue surrounding the urinary bladder and to the prostate gland, vagina, or uterus, but not to the lymph nodes or other organs.
* Stage III
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3a
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the fatty [[tissue]] around the bladder but can only be seen through a microscope
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}


*'''Stage IV''': Cancer cells have proliferated to the lymph nodes, pelvic or abdominal wall, and/or other organs.
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3b
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder and can be seen on imaging tests or be felt by the surgeon
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}


*'''Recurrent''': Cancer has recurred in the urinary bladder or in another nearby organ after having been treated.<ref>{{cite news |first= | last= | coauthors= | title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Cancer: A guide to Cancer and its Treatments, Second Edition.  Page no. 137 }}</ref>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4a
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the [[prostate]], [[seminal vesicles]], [[uterus]] or vagina
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}
 
* Stage IV
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4b
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the [[pelvic]] wall or the abdominal wall
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any T
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N1, N2 or N3
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The cancer has spread to regional [[lymph nodes]]
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis
|}
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any T
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any N
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The cancer may have spread to one or more regional lymph nodes
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M1
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Distant [[metastasis]]
|}


==References==
==References==


{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{Tumors}}
[[bs:Rak mokraćnog mjehura]]
[[da:Blærecancer]]
[[de:Blasenkrebs]]
[[es:Cáncer de vejiga]]
[[fr:Cancer de la vessie]]
[[hr:Rak mokraćnog mjehura]]
[[ja:膀胱癌]]
[[no:Urinveiskreft]]
[[pl:Rak pęcherza moczowego]]
[[pt:Câncer de bexiga]]
[[ru:Рак мочевого пузыря]]
[[fi:Virtsarakon syöpä]]
[[sv:Urinvägscancer]]
[[zh:膀胱癌]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
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[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 14:28, 29 May 2018

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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [1] Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Bladder cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM system.

TNM Staging
TNM Definition
Ta Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
  • Stage 0is
TNM Definition
Tis Non-invasive flat urothelial carcinoma
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
  • Stage I
TNM Definition
T1 The tumor is invasive. It has grown into the lamina propria but has not grown into the muscle of the bladder wall
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
  • Stage II
TNM Definition
T2a The tumor has grown into the inner half of the muscle of the bladder wall
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
TNM Definition
T2b The tumor has grown into the outer half of the muscle of the bladder wall
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
  • Stage III
TNM Definition
T3a The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder but can only be seen through a microscope
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
TNM Definition
T3b The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder and can be seen on imaging tests or be felt by the surgeon
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
TNM Definition
T4a The tumor has grown into the prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus or vagina
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
  • Stage IV
TNM Definition
T4b The tumor has grown into the pelvic wall or the abdominal wall
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
M0 No distant metastasis
TNM Definition
Any T The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4
N1, N2 or N3 The cancer has spread to regional lymph nodes
M0 No distant metastasis
TNM Definition
Any T The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4
Any N The cancer may have spread to one or more regional lymph nodes
M1 Distant metastasis

References

  1. ↑ Rais-Bahrami S, Pietryga JA, Nix JW (March 2016). "Contemporary role of advanced imaging for bladder cancer staging". Urol. Oncol. 34 (3): 124–33. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.018. PMID 26427696.
  2. ↑ McKibben MJ, Woods ME (April 2015). "Preoperative imaging for staging bladder cancer". Curr Urol Rep. 16 (4): 22. doi:10.1007/s11934-015-0496-8. PMID 25724433.
  3. ↑ Sun M, Trinh QD (April 2015). "Diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 29 (2): 205–18, vii. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.013. PMID 25836929.
  4. ↑ Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/staging/?region=ab Accessed on October, 6 2015

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