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===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
*Cystoscope was first discovered by Maximilian Nitze, a German urologist, in 1877. | *Cystoscope was first discovered by Maximilian Nitze, a German urologist, in 1877.<ref name="pmid22487294">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wood JW, Casiano RR |title=Inverted papillomas and benign nonneoplastic lesions of the nasal cavity |journal=Am J Rhinol Allergy |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=157–63 |date=2012 |pmid=22487294 |pmc=3906506 |doi=10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3732 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Association between bladder cancer and environmental carcinogens is first discovered in 1895. | *Association between bladder cancer and environmental carcinogens is first discovered in 1895. | ||
*Urine cytology is first described in 1945. | *Urine cytology is first described in 1945.<ref name="Griffiths2013">{{cite journal|last1=Griffiths|first1=T. R. L.|title=Current perspectives in bladder cancer management|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice|volume=67|issue=5|year=2013|pages=435–448|issn=13685031|doi=10.1111/ijcp.12075}}</ref> | ||
*Micropapillary bladder cancer is first described in 1982. | *Micropapillary bladder cancer is first described in 1982.<ref name="HeudelEl Karak2009">{{cite journal|last1=Heudel|first1=Pierre|last2=El Karak|first2=Fadi|last3=Ismaili|first3=Nabil|last4=Droz|first4=Jean-Pierre|last5=Flechon|first5=Aude|title=Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of Léon Bérard Cancer Center experience|journal=BMC Urology|volume=9|issue=1|year=2009|issn=1471-2490|doi=10.1186/1471-2490-9-5}}</ref> | ||
*Approximately 356,000 new bladder cancer cases of bladder cancer are reported in 2002 worldwide. | *Approximately 356,000 new bladder cancer cases of bladder cancer are reported in 2002 worldwide.<ref name="pmid19219610">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ploeg M, Aben KK, Kiemeney LA |title=The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world |journal=World J Urol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=289–93 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19219610 |pmc=2694323 |doi=10.1007/s00345-009-0383-3 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*First cystectomy is performed as a treatment for bladder cancer in in 1877. | *First cystectomy is performed as a treatment for bladder cancer in in 1877. | ||
*Radium is first used as a treatment of bladder tumors in 1903. | *Radium is first used as a treatment of bladder tumors in 1903.<ref name="pmid20273482">{{cite journal |vauthors=LENZ M, CAHILL GF |title=The treatment of cancer of the bladder by radium needles |journal=Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=486–92 |date=October 1947 |pmid=20273482 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Early bladder removal surgery includes removing the bladder (cystectomy) and surrounding tissue where cancer is most likely to spread is performed in 1956. | *Early bladder removal surgery includes removing the bladder (cystectomy) and surrounding tissue where cancer is most likely to spread is performed in 1956.<ref name="pmid21904567">{{cite journal |vauthors=Balar A, Bajorin DF, Milowsky MI |title=Management of invasive bladder cancer in patients who are not candidates for or decline cystectomy |journal=Ther Adv Urol |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=107–17 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21904567 |pmc=3159398 |doi=10.1177/1756287211407543 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*FDA approves the first chemotherapy drug cisplatin for treatment of bladder tumors in 1978. | *FDA approves the first chemotherapy drug cisplatin for treatment of bladder tumors in 1978. | ||
*Reconstructive bladder surgery in introduced in 1980-1985. | *Reconstructive bladder surgery in introduced in 1980-1985. | ||
*Neoadjuvant chemotherapy including methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) is first described in 1985. | *Neoadjuvant chemotherapy including methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) is first described in 1985. | ||
*Intravesical chemotherapy using mitomycin to reduce risk of bladder cancer's recurrence is discovered in 1988. | *Intravesical chemotherapy using mitomycin to reduce risk of bladder cancer's recurrence is discovered in 1988. | ||
*FDA approved the use of live bacterium, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for treatment and prevent the recurrence of superficial [[tumors]] in 1990. | *FDA approved the use of live bacterium, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for treatment and prevent the recurrence of superficial [[tumors]] in 1990.<ref name="pmid22778725">{{cite journal |vauthors=Askeland EJ, Newton MR, O'Donnell MA, Luo Y |title=Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: BCG and Beyond |journal=Adv Urol |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=181987 |date=2012 |pmid=22778725 |pmc=3388311 |doi=10.1155/2012/181987 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*New chemotherapy combination regimen including gemcitabine with cisplatin is introduced as more effective with less side effects compare to MVAC therapy in 2000. | *New chemotherapy combination regimen including gemcitabine with cisplatin is introduced as more effective with less side effects compare to MVAC therapy in 2000.<ref name="pmid17851853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Als AB, Sengelov L, Von Der Maase H |title=Gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer; 3- or 4-week schedule? |journal=Acta Oncol |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=110–9 |date=2008 |pmid=17851853 |doi=10.1080/02841860701499382 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*New technology that helps to detect cancerous tumors in the bladder that are invisible to the naked eye is discovered in 2016. | *New technology that helps to detect cancerous tumors in the bladder that are invisible to the naked eye is discovered in 2016. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 15:04, 10 May 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Cystoscope was first discovered by Maximilian Nitze, a German urologist, in 1877.[1]
- Association between bladder cancer and environmental carcinogens is first discovered in 1895.
- Urine cytology is first described in 1945.[2]
- Micropapillary bladder cancer is first described in 1982.[3]
- Approximately 356,000 new bladder cancer cases of bladder cancer are reported in 2002 worldwide.[4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- First cystectomy is performed as a treatment for bladder cancer in in 1877.
- Radium is first used as a treatment of bladder tumors in 1903.[5]
- Early bladder removal surgery includes removing the bladder (cystectomy) and surrounding tissue where cancer is most likely to spread is performed in 1956.[6]
- FDA approves the first chemotherapy drug cisplatin for treatment of bladder tumors in 1978.
- Reconstructive bladder surgery in introduced in 1980-1985.
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy including methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) is first described in 1985.
- Intravesical chemotherapy using mitomycin to reduce risk of bladder cancer's recurrence is discovered in 1988.
- FDA approved the use of live bacterium, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for treatment and prevent the recurrence of superficial tumors in 1990.[7]
- New chemotherapy combination regimen including gemcitabine with cisplatin is introduced as more effective with less side effects compare to MVAC therapy in 2000.[8]
- New technology that helps to detect cancerous tumors in the bladder that are invisible to the naked eye is discovered in 2016.
References
- ↑ Wood JW, Casiano RR (2012). "Inverted papillomas and benign nonneoplastic lesions of the nasal cavity". Am J Rhinol Allergy. 26 (2): 157–63. doi:10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3732. PMC 3906506. PMID 22487294.
- ↑ Griffiths, T. R. L. (2013). "Current perspectives in bladder cancer management". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 67 (5): 435–448. doi:10.1111/ijcp.12075. ISSN 1368-5031.
- ↑ Heudel, Pierre; El Karak, Fadi; Ismaili, Nabil; Droz, Jean-Pierre; Flechon, Aude (2009). "Micropapillary bladder cancer: a review of Léon Bérard Cancer Center experience". BMC Urology. 9 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2490-9-5. ISSN 1471-2490.
- ↑ Ploeg M, Aben KK, Kiemeney LA (June 2009). "The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world". World J Urol. 27 (3): 289–93. doi:10.1007/s00345-009-0383-3. PMC 2694323. PMID 19219610.
- ↑ LENZ M, CAHILL GF (October 1947). "The treatment of cancer of the bladder by radium needles". Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther. 58 (4): 486–92. PMID 20273482.
- ↑ Balar A, Bajorin DF, Milowsky MI (June 2011). "Management of invasive bladder cancer in patients who are not candidates for or decline cystectomy". Ther Adv Urol. 3 (3): 107–17. doi:10.1177/1756287211407543. PMC 3159398. PMID 21904567.
- ↑ Askeland EJ, Newton MR, O'Donnell MA, Luo Y (2012). "Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: BCG and Beyond". Adv Urol. 2012: 181987. doi:10.1155/2012/181987. PMC 3388311. PMID 22778725.
- ↑ Als AB, Sengelov L, Von Der Maase H (2008). "Gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer; 3- or 4-week schedule?". Acta Oncol. 47 (1): 110–9. doi:10.1080/02841860701499382. PMID 17851853.