Bladder cancer staging: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Bladder cancer}} | {{Bladder cancer}} | ||
{{SCC}} | {{SCC}}; {{AE}} {{SC}} {{F.K}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Bladder cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on [[TNM system]]. | |||
==TNM Staging== | ==TNM Staging== | ||
* Stage 0a<ref>Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/staging/?region=ab Accessed on October, 6 2015 </ref> | * Stage 0a<ref name="pmid26427696">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rais-Bahrami S, Pietryga JA, Nix JW |title=Contemporary role of advanced imaging for bladder cancer staging |journal=Urol. Oncol. |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=124–33 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26427696 |doi=10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.018 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25724433">{{cite journal |vauthors=McKibben MJ, Woods ME |title=Preoperative imaging for staging bladder cancer |journal=Curr Urol Rep |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=22 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25724433 |doi=10.1007/s11934-015-0496-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25836929">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sun M, Trinh QD |title=Diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=205–18, vii |date=April 2015 |pmid=25836929 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.013 |url=}}</ref><ref>Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/staging/?region=ab Accessed on October, 6 2015 </ref> | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | ||
|valign=top| | |valign=top| | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional [[lymph node]] metastasis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant [[metastasis]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T1 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor is invasive. It has grown into the [[lamina propria]] but has not grown into the muscle of the bladder wall | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The [[tumor]] is invasive. It has grown into the [[lamina propria]] but has not grown into the muscle of the bladder wall | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional [[lymph node]] metastasis | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant [[metastasis]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* Stage III | * Stage III | ||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3a | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the fatty [[tissue]] around the bladder but can only be seen through a microscope | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T3b | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder and can be seen on imaging tests or be felt by the surgeon | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4a | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the [[prostate]], [[seminal vesicles]], [[uterus]] or vagina | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
* Stage IV | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |T4b | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor has grown into the [[pelvic]] wall or the abdominal wall | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No regional lymph node metastasis | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any T | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4 | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |N1, N2 or N3 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The cancer has spread to regional [[lymph nodes]] | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M0 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No distant metastasis | |||
|} | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center | |||
|valign=top| | |||
|+ | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 100px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|TNM}} | |||
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 400px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Definition}} | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any T | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4 | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Any N | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |The cancer may have spread to one or more regional lymph nodes | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |M1 | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Distant [[metastasis]] | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Types of cancer]] | [[Category:Types of cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] |
Latest revision as of 14:28, 29 May 2018
Bladder cancer Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Bladder cancer staging On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bladder cancer staging |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Bladder cancer staging |
Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [1] Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
Bladder cancer may be classified into several subtypes based on TNM system.
TNM Staging
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
Ta | Non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
- Stage 0is
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
Tis | Non-invasive flat urothelial carcinoma |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
- Stage I
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T1 | The tumor is invasive. It has grown into the lamina propria but has not grown into the muscle of the bladder wall |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
- Stage II
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T2a | The tumor has grown into the inner half of the muscle of the bladder wall |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T2b | The tumor has grown into the outer half of the muscle of the bladder wall |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
- Stage III
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T3a | The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder but can only be seen through a microscope |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T3b | The tumor has grown into the fatty tissue around the bladder and can be seen on imaging tests or be felt by the surgeon |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T4a | The tumor has grown into the prostate, seminal vesicles, uterus or vagina |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
- Stage IV
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
T4b | The tumor has grown into the pelvic wall or the abdominal wall |
N0 | No regional lymph node metastasis |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
Any T | The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4 |
N1, N2 or N3 | The cancer has spread to regional lymph nodes |
M0 | No distant metastasis |
TNM | Definition |
---|---|
Any T | The tumor may be T1, T2, T3 or T4 |
Any N | The cancer may have spread to one or more regional lymph nodes |
M1 | Distant metastasis |
References
- ↑ Rais-Bahrami S, Pietryga JA, Nix JW (March 2016). "Contemporary role of advanced imaging for bladder cancer staging". Urol. Oncol. 34 (3): 124–33. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.08.018. PMID 26427696.
- ↑ McKibben MJ, Woods ME (April 2015). "Preoperative imaging for staging bladder cancer". Curr Urol Rep. 16 (4): 22. doi:10.1007/s11934-015-0496-8. PMID 25724433.
- ↑ Sun M, Trinh QD (April 2015). "Diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 29 (2): 205–18, vii. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.10.013. PMID 25836929.
- ↑ Bladder Cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/staging/?region=ab Accessed on October, 6 2015