List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: II. Osteology

Introduction (Gray's s17)

Gray's page #79

• classes
  • Long bones
    • body, or diaphysis
    • medullary canal
    • epiphyses
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
    • tables of the skull
    • vitreous table

Gray's page #80

• classes
  • Flat bones
    • diploë
  • Irregular bones
• Surfaces of bones
  • articular eminences
  • articular depressions
  • non-articular eminences
    • tuberosity, protuberance, or process
    • tubercle
    • spine
    • ridge, crest, or line
  • non-articular depressions
    • fossæ, pits, depressions, grooves, furrows, fissures, notches
  • perforation/passage
    • foramen
    • canal

Development of the Skeleton

Gray's page #80

• Skeleton
  • axial skeleton
  • appendicular skeleton
• Vertebral column
  • primitive segments
  • intersegmental septa
  • myocœl
  • cutis-plate
  • muscle-plate
  • sclerotome
  • sclerotogenous layer

Gray's page #81

• Vertebral column
  • membranous vertebral column

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• Vertebral column
  • cartilaginous vertebral column
  • hypochordal bar or brace
  • nucleus pulposus
• Ribs
  • primitive costal arches

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• Sternum
  • sternal plate
• Skull

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• Skull
  • membranous cranium
  • chondrocranium
  • chordal or vertebral portion
  • prechordal or prevertebral portion
  • trabeculae cranii
  • parachordal cartilages

Gray's page #85

• • cartilaginous ear-capsules
  • trabeculae cranii
  • ethmoidal plate
  • dermal or covering bones

bone (Gray's s18)

Gray's page #86

• Structure and Physical Properties
  • compact tissue
  • cancellous tissue

Gray's page #87

• medullary mem
• Periosteum
  • granular corpuscles or osteoblasts
• Marrow

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• Marrow
  • myelocytes
  • erythroblasts or normoblasts
  • Giant cells (myeloplaxes, osteoclasts)
  • Howship's foveolæ
• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • blood vessels
  • medullary artery or nutrient artery

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• Vessels and Nerves of Bone
  • veins
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Nerves
• Minute Anatomy
  • Haversian systems
  • Haversian canal
  • lamellæ
  • lacunæ
  • canaliculi
  • interstitial lamellæ
  • circumferential lamellæ

Gray's page #90

• Minute Anatomy
  • primary or fundamental lamellæ
  • secondary or special lamellæ
  • Haversian canals
  • lamellæ
  • perforating fibers
  • Lacunæ

Gray's page #91

• Minute Anatomy
  • bone-cell
  • bone-corpuscle
  • Canaliculi
  • bone cells
• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification

Gray's page #92

• Ossification
  • intramembranous ossification
    • osteoblasts
    • Osteogenetic fibers

Gray's page #93

• Ossification
  • intercartilaginous ossification
    • epiphysial cartilage
    • center of ossification
    • primary areolæ
    • perichondrium

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• Ossification
  • osteoblasts, or bone-formers
  • osteoclasts, or bone-destroyers
  • secondary areolæ or medullary spaces

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• Ossification
  • epiphyses
    • pressure epiphyses
    • traction epiphyses
    • atavistic epiphyses

the vertebral column (Gray's s19)

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• Columna Vertebralis; Spinal column

general characteristics of a vertebra (Gray's s20)

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• typical vertebra
• vertebral foramen
• intervertebral foramina
• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)

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• body of vertebra (corpus vertebræ)
• vertebral arch or neural arch (posterior part)
  • pedicle of vertebral arch (radices arci vertebræ)
    • vertebral notches
  • lamina of the vertebral arch
• processes of vertebra
  • 1 Spinous process (processus spinosus)
  • 4 Articular processes
  • 2 Transverse processes (processus transversi)

the cervical vertebrae (Gray's s21)

Gray's page #97

• cervical vertebræ
  • body
  • anterior surface
  • posterior surface

Gray's page #98

• upper surface
• lower surface
• pedicles
• laminae
• vertebral foramen
• spinous process
• superior articular process
• inferior articular process
• transverse processes
• foramen transversarium
• costal process or costal element
• anterior tubercle
• posterior tubercle

Gray's page #99

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • anterior arch
  • anterior tubercle
  • posterior arch
  • posterior tubercle
  • fovea dentis
  • dens (anatomy)
  • sulcus arteriae vertebralis
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • lateral masses
  • superior facets

Gray's page #100

• First cervical vertebra (atlas)
  • inferior articular facets
  • transverse processes
• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • body
  • dens or odontoid process
  • apex

Gray's page #101

• second cervical vertebra (epistropheus or axis)
  • pedicles
  • laminae
  • transverse processes
  • superior articular surfaces
  • inferior articular surfaces
  • superior vertebral notches
  • inferior vertebral notches
  • spinous process
• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • transverse processes

Gray's page #102

• Seventh cervical vertebra (Vertebra prominens )
  • cervical rib

the thoracic vertebrae (Gray's s22)

Gray's page #102

• thoracic vertebræ

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• First thoracic vertebra
• Ninth thoracic vertebra
• Tenth thoracic vertebra
• Eleventh thoracic vertebra
• Twelfth thoracic vertebra

the lumbar vertebrae (Gray's s23)

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• lumbar vertebræ

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• tubercles
  • mammillary process
  • accessory process
• Fifth lumbar vertebra

the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae (Gray's s24)

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• Sacrum (os sacrum)
  • sacrovertebral angle
• Pelvic surface of sacrum (facies pelvina)
  • transverse ridges
  • anterior sacral foramina
  • lateral parts of the sacrum

Gray's page #107

• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • middle sacral crest
  • sacral groove
  • sacral articular crests

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• Dorsal surface of sacrum (facies dorsalis)
  • sacral cornua
  • posterior sacral foramina
  • lateral crests
• Lateral surface of sacrum
  • auricular surface
  • sacral tuberosity
  • inferior lateral angle
• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)

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• base of the sacrum (basis oss. sacri)
  • ala of sacrum
• Apex of the sacrum (apex oss. sacri)
• Vertebral canal (canalis sacralis; sacral canal)

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• Differences in the Sacrum of the Male and Female
• Coccyx (os coccygis)
  • coccygeal cornua
• Ossification of the Vertebral column

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• neurocentral synchondroses

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• Ossification of the Vertebral column

the vertebral column as a whole (Gray's s25)

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• Curves of vertebral column

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• Posterior surface
• vertebral groove
• Lateral surfaces

the thorax (Gray's s26)

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• thorax or chest

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• Thorax: boundaries of:
• Thorax: skeleton of:
• upper opening of the thorax

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• lower opening of the thorax
• subcostal angle

the sternum (Gray's s27)

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• sternum (breast bone)

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• Manubrium (manubrium sterni)
  • jugular notch or presternal notch
• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)

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• Body of sternum (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
  • sternal foramen
  • sternal angle (angulus Ludovici)
• Xiphoid process (processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix)

Gray's page #123

• fissura sterni

the ribs (Gray's s28)

Gray's page #123

• ribs (Costæ)
  • true ribs or vertebro-sternal ribs
  • false ribs
  • vertebro-chondral ribs
  • floating ribs or vertebral ribs
  • intercostal spaces
• Common Characteristics of the Ribs
• Posterior Extremity
  • crista colli costœ

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• Posterior Extremity
  • head of rib
  • neck of rib
  • tubercle of rib
    • articular portion
    • non-articular portion
• body or shaft
  • angle
  • costal groove

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• Anterior extremity or sternal extremity
• Peculiar ribs
  • First rib
    • scalene tubercle
  • Second rib

Gray's page #126

• Peculiar ribs
  • Tenth rib
  • Eleventh rib and Twelfth rib

the costal cartilages (Gray's s29)

Gray's page #127

• costal cartilages (Cartilagines Costales)

the skull (Gray's s30)

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• skull
• cranium
• skeleton of the face

the cranial bones

the occipital bone (Gray's s31)

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• occipital bone
• foramen magnum
• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • external occipital protuberance
    • highest nuchal line

Gray's page #130

• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • external surface
    • superior nuchal line
    • planum occipitale
    • planum nuchale
    • median nuchal line
    • inferior nuchal line
  • internal surface
    • cruciate eminence
    • internal occipital protuberance

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• squama (squama occipitalis)
  • internal surface
    • sagittal sulcus
    • internal occipital crest
    • vermian fossa
    • confluence of the sinuses
• Lateral parts of occipital bone (pars lateralis)
  • under surfaces of the lateral part
    • condyles
    • hypoglossal canal (anterior condyloid foramen)
    • condyloid fossa
    • condyloid canal
    • jugular process
    • jugular notch
    • intrajugular process
    • paramastoid process
  • upper surface of the lateral part
    • jugular tubercle

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• Basilar part of occipital bone (pars basilaris)
  • pharyngeal tubercle
• Foramen magnum
• Angles
  • superior angle
  • posterior fontanelle
  • inferior angle
  • lateral angles
• Borders
  • superior borders
  • lambdoidal suture
  • inferior borders
• Ossification of occipital bone

the parietal bone (Gray's s32)

Gray's page #133

• external surface
  • parietal eminence (tuber parietale)

Gray's page #134

• external surface
  • superior temporal line and inferior temporal line
  • parietal foramen
• internal surface
  • sagittal sulcus
  • arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian bodies)
• Borders
  • sagittal border
  • squamous border

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• Borders
  • coronal suture
  • occipital border
  • lambdoidal suture
• Angles
  • frontal angle
  • bregma
  • anterior fontanelle
  • sphenoidal angle
  • occipital angle
  • lambda
  • posterior fontanelle
  • mastoid angle
  • asterion

the frontal bone (Gray's s33)

Gray's page #135

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • metopic suture
  • frontal eminence (tuber frontale)
  • superciliary arches
  • glabella
  • supraorbital margin

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• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
  • zygomatic process
  • temporal line
  • upper temporal line and lower temporal line
  • nasal part
  • nasal notch
  • nasion
  • nasal process
  • spine of squama
  • sagittal sulcus
  • frontal crest

Gray's page #137

• Squama (squama frontalis)
  • foramen cecum
• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • orbital plates
  • ethmoidal notch
  • lacrimal fossa
  • fovea trochlearis
  • trochlear spine
  • ethmoidal notch
  • anterior ethmoidal canal

Gray's page #138

• Orbital or Horizontal Part (pars orbitalis)
  • posterior ethmoidal canal
  • frontal air sinuses
  • frontonasal duct
• border of the squama
• posterior borders of the orbital plates
• Ossification of frontal bone

the temporal bone (Gray's s34)

Gray's page #138

• temporal bone

Gray's page #139

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • temporal line, or supramastoid crest
  • zygomatic process
  • anterior root and posterior root
  • articular tubercle (eminentia articularis)

Gray's page #140

• Squama (squama temporalis)
  • suprameatal triangle, or mastoid fossa
  • mandibular fossa (glenoid fossa)
  • petrotympanic fissure (Glaserian fissure)

Gray's page #141

• parietal notch
• antero-inferior border
• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • mastoid foramen
  • mastoid process
  • mastoid notch (digastric fossa)
  • occipital groove

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• Mastoid portion (pars mastoidea)
  • sigmoid sulcus
  • mastoid cells
  • tympanic antrum
  • tegmen tympani
  • attic or epitympanic recess
• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • petrosquamous suture
  • eminence (eminentia arcuata)
  • tegmen tympani
  • hiatus of the facial canal

Gray's page #143

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • Trigeminal impression
  • posterior surface
    • Internal acoustic meatus
    • Crista falciformis
    • Area cribrosa media
    • Foramen singulare
    • Tractus spiralis foraminosus
    • Canalis centralis cochleœ
    • Area cribrosa superior
    • Area facialis
    • Aquæductus Fallopii
    • Aquæductus vestibuli
    • Subarcuate fossa
  • inferior surface
    • Carotid canal

Gray's page #144

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • inferior surface
    • aquæductus cochleæ
    • jugular fossa
    • inferior tympanic canaliculus
    • mastoid canaliculus
    • jugular surface
    • vaginal process
    • styloid process
    • stylomastoid foramen
  • angles
    • superior angle
    • posterior angle
    • jugular fossa

Gray's page #145

• Petrous portion (pars petrosa)
  • angles
    • jugular foramen
    • anterior angle
    • petrosquamous suture
    • septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
• Tympanic part (pars tympanica)
  • tympanic sulcus
  • antero-inferior surface
  • vaginal process
  • foramen of Huschke
  • external acoustic meatus
  • suprameatal spine
• Styloid process (processus styloideus)
• Ossification of temporal bone

Gray's page #146

• Ossification of temporal bone
  • Proötic center of temporal bone
  • Pterotic center of temporal bone
  • Epiotic center of temporal bone
  • tympanic ring

the sphenoid bone (Gray's s35)

Gray's page #147

• body of sphenoid bone
• sphenoidal air sinuses
• superior surface of sphenoid
  • ethmoidal spine
  • chiasmatic groove (optic groove)
  • optic foramen
  • tuberculum sellæ
  • sella turcica
  • fossa hypophyseos
  • middle clinoid processes
  • dorsum sellæ
  • posterior clinoid processes
  • petrosal process

Gray's page #148

• superior surface of sphenoid
  • clivus
• lateral surfaces of sphenoid
  • carotid groove
  • lingula
• posterior surface of sphenoid

Gray's page #149

• anterior surface of sphenoid
  • sphenoidal crest
  • sphenoidal air sinus
  • sphenoidal conchæ
• inferior surface of sphenoid
• sphenoidal rostrum
• vaginal process
• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)

Gray's page #150

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen Vesalii
  • foramen spinosum
  • infratemporal crest
  • sulcus tubæ

Gray's page #151

• Great wings (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
  • pterion
• Small wings (alæ parvæ)
  • orbito-sphenoids
• Surfaces
  • superior orbital fissure
• Borders
  • anterior clinoid process
  • optic foramen
• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygopalatine groove
  • pterygoid fissure
  • pterygoid fossa
  • scaphoid fossa
  • lateral pterygoid plate
  • Medial pterygoid plate
  • pterygoid hamulus
  • vaginal process

Gray's page #152

• Pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei)
  • pterygoid tubercle
  • processus tubarius
• Sphenoidal conchæ (conchæ sphenoidales; sphenoidal turbinated processes)

ethmoid bone (Gray's s36)

Gray's page #153

• Cribiform plate (lamina cribrosa; horizontal lamina)
  • crista galli
  • alæ

Gray's page #154

• Perpendicular plate (lamina perpendicularis; vertical plate)
• Labyrinth or Lateral mass (labyrinthus ethmoidalis)
  • ethmoidal cells
• Surfaces
  • upper surface
    • anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals
  • posterior surface

Gray's page #155

• Surfaces
  • lateral surface
    • lamina papyracea (os planum)
    • uncinate process

Gray's page #156

• Surfaces
  • medial surface
    • middle nasal concha
    • superior meatus
    • superior nasal concha
    • middle meatus of the nose
    • infundibulum
• sutural or Wormian bones

the facial bones

the nasal bones (Gray's s37)

Gray's page #156

• nasal bones

the maxillæ (upper jaw) (Gray's s38)

Gray's page #157

• maxillæ

Gray's page #158

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore)
  • Surfaces
    • anterior surface of the body of the maxilla
      • incisive fossa
      • canine fossa
      • canine eminence
      • infraorbital foramen
      • nasal notch
      • anterior nasal spine
    • infratemporal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • alveolar canals
      • maxillary tuberosity

Gray's page #159

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • orbital surface of the body of the maxilla
      • lacrimal notch
      • infraorbital groove
      • infraorbital canal

Gray's page #160

• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • Surfaces
    • nasal surface of the body of the maxilla
      • pterygopalatine canal
      • lacrimal groove
      • conchal crest

• Maxillary sinus or Antrum of Highmore (sinus maxillaris)

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• Body of maxilla (corpus maxillæ)
  • alveolar canals
• Zygomatic process (processus zygomaticus; malar process)
• Frontal process (processus frontalis; nasal process)
  • ethmoidal crest
  • agger nasi
  • lacrimal fossa
  • anterior lacrimal crest
  • lacrimal tubercle
• Alveolar process (processus alveolaris)
  • alveolar arch
  • alveolar point

Gray's page #162

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • incisive foramen
  • incisive canals
  • foramina of Stenson
  • foramina of Scarpa
  • premaxilla (os incisivum)

Gray's page #163

• Palatine process (processus palatinus; palatal process)
  • nasal crest
  • incisor crest
  • anterior nasal spine
• Ossification of maxilla

the lacrimal bone (Gray's s39)

Gray's page #163

• lacrimal bone

Gray's page #164

• posterior lacrimal crest
• lacrimal sulcus (sulcus lacrimalis)
• lacrimal hamulus
• lesser lacrimal bone

the zygomatic bone (Gray's s40)

Gray's page #164

• Surfaces
  • malar surface
    • zygomaticofacial foramen
  • temporal surface
    • zygomaticotemporal foramen

• Processes
  • frontosphenoidal process

Gray's page #165

• Processes
  • orbital process
    • zygomaticoörbital foramina

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• Processes
  • maxillary process
  • temporal process

• Borders
  • antero-superior border or orbital border
  • antero-inferior border or maxillary border
  • postero-superior border or temporal border
  • postero-inferior border or zygomatic border

• Ossification of zygomatic bone

• Articulations

the palatine bone (Gray's s41)

Gray's page #166

• pterygopalatine fossa and pterygoid fossa
• inferior orbital fissure

Gray's page #167

• Horizontal part of palatine bone (pars horizontalis; horizontal plate of palatine bone)
  • posterior nasal spine
• Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
  • conchal crest
  • ethmoidal crest

Gray's page #168

• Vertical part of palatine bone (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate of palatine bone)
  • pterygopalatine canal
  • maxillary process
  • sphenopalatine notch
  • sphenopalatine foramen
• processes
  • Pyramidal process of palatine bone or Tuberosity (processus pyramidalis)
  • Orbital process of palatine bone (processus orbitalis)

Gray's page #169

• processes
  • Sphenoidal process of palatine bone (processus sphenoidalis)
• sphenopalatine notch
• Ossification of sphenoid

the inferior nasal concha (Gray's s42)

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• inferior nasal concha
• lacrimal process
• ethmoidal process
• maxillary process

the vomer (Gray's s43)

Gray's page #170

• nasopalatine groove

Gray's page #171

• ethmovomerine cartilage

the mandible (lower jaw) (Gray's s44)

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• Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
  • external surface of mandible
    • symphysis menti
    • mental protuberance
    • mental tubercle
    • incisive fossa
    • mental foramen
    • oblique line
  • internal surface of mandible
    • mental spines

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• Body of mandible (corpus mandibulae)
  • internal surface of mandible
    • mylohyoid line
• Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
  • mandibular foramen
  • lingula mandibulae
  • mylohyoid groove
  • mandibular canal

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• Ramus of mandible (ramus mandibulae; perpendicular portion of mandible)
  • angle of the mandible
  • Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
  • Condyloid process (processus condyloideus)
    • condyle of condyloid process
    • neck of condyloid process
  • mandibular notch

Gray's page #175

• articulations of mandible
• Changes produced in the mandible by age
• Ossification of the mandible

the hyoid bone (Gray's s45)

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• Basihyal of hyoid bone

Gray's page #178

• Greater Cornua or Thyrohyals (cornua majora)
• Lesser Cornua or Ceratohyals (cornua minora)

the exterior of the skull (Gray's s46)

Norma verticalis

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• Norma verticalis
• coronal sutures
• sagittal sutures
• lambdoidal suture
• bregma
• lambda
• parietal eminence and parietal foramen
• obelion
• glabella
• superciliary arches
• frontal eminences
• frontal suture
• temporal lines

Norma basalis

Gray's page #179

• Norma basalis

Gray's page #180

• incisive foramen
• incisive canals (foramina of Stenson)
• foramina of Scarpa
• greater palatine foramen
• pyramidal process of the palatine bone
• lesser palatine foramina
• posterior nasal spine
• choanæ
• pharyngeal canals
• pterygoid canal
• scaphoid fossa
• hamulus
• pharyngeal tubercle
• foramen ovale
• foramen spinosum
• spina angularis (sphenoidal spine)
• mandibular fossa
• petrotympanic fissure
• articular tubercle

Gray's page #181

• styloid process
• stylomastoid foramen
• tympanomastoid fissure
• mastoid notch
• occipital groove
• foramen lacerum
• pterygoid canal
• carotid canal
• sulcus tubæ auditivæ
• petrosphenoidal fissure
• carotid canal
• aquæductus cochleæ
• jugular foramen
• inferior tympanic canaliculus
• mastoid canaliculus
• petroöccipital fissure
• foramen magnum
• jugular process
• basion
• opisthion
• condyloid fossa

Gray's page #182

• median nuchal line
• external occipital protuberance
• superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line

Norma lateralis

Gray's page #182

• Norma lateralis
• zygomaticotemporal suture
• zygomaticofrontal suture
• sphenozygomatic suture
• sphenofrontal suture
• sphenoparietal suture
• sphenosquamosal suture
• pterion

Gray's page #183

• squamosal suture
• parietomastoid suture
• coronal suture and lambdoidal suture
• occipitomastoid suture
• mastoid foramen
• asterion
• superciliary arch
• frontal eminence
• parietal eminence
• external occipital protuberance
• temporal lines
• Temporal fossa (fossa temporalis)
• stephanion
• zygomaticotemporal foramen
• infratemporal crest
• inferior orbital fissure or sphenomaxillary fissure
• zygomatic arch
• external acoustic meatus
• suprameatal triangle
• suprameatal spine
• mandibular fossa

Gray's page #184

• Infratemporal fossa (fossa infratemporalis; zygomatic fossa)
• zygomatic arch
• foramen ovale and foramen spinosum
• alveolar canals
• inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inferior; sphenomaxillary fissure)

Gray's page #185

• pterygomaxillary fissure
• Pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina; sphenomaxillary fossa)
• foramen rotundum
• pterygoid canal
• pharyngeal canal
• sphenopalatine foramen
• pterygopalatine canal

Norma occipitalis

Gray's page #185

• Norma occipitalis
• sagittal suture
• lambdoidal suture
• parietomastoid suture
• occipitomastoid suture
• external occipital protuberance or inion
• planum occipitale
• planum nuchale
• mastoid foramen

Norma frontalis

Gray's page #185

• Norma frontalis
• anterior nasal aperture

Gray's page #186

• frontal eminences
• superciliary arches
• glabella
• frontal suture
• nasion
• supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen

Gray's page #187

• anterior nasal spine
• infraorbital foramen
• zygomaticofacial foramen

Gray's page #188

• incisive fossa
• mental foramen

Orbits

Gray's page #188

• Orbits (orbitæ)
• roof of orbit
  • trochlear fovea
  • lacrimal fossa
• floor of orbit
  • infraorbital groove

Gray's page #189

• medial wall
  • lacrimal groove
  • posterior lacrimal crest
  • dacryon
  • anterior ethmoidal foramen
  • posterior ethmoidal foramen
• lateral wall
  • superior orbital fissure
  • inferior orbital fissure
• base of the orbit
  • supraorbital notch or supraorbital foramen
• apex of orbit

the interior of the skull (Gray's s47)

Gray's page #189

• Inner Surface of the Skull-cap

Gray's page #190

• Skull: upper surface of base of:
• Skull: fossa of:

• Anterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii anterior)
  • Frontoethmoidal suture
  • Sphenoethmoidal suture
  • sphenofrontal suture
  • frontal crest
  • foramen cecum
  • crista galli
  • olfactory groove
  • anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
  • ethmoidal spine

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • squamosal suture
  • sphenoparietal suture
  • sphenosquamosal suture
  • sphenopetrosal suture

Gray's page #191

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • carotid groove

Gray's page #192

• Middle cranial fossa (fossa cranii media)
  • lingula
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen Vesalii
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
  • hiatus of the facial canal

• Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
  • occipitomastoid suture
  • parietomastoid suture
  • foramen magnum

Gray's page #193

• Posterior cranial fossa (fossa cranii posterior)
  • petro-occipital fissure
  • jugular foramen
  • internal acoustic meatus
  • inferior occipital fossæ
  • internal occipital crest
  • transverse sinuses
  • mastoid foramen
  • condyloid canal

Gray's page #194

• Nasal cavity (cavum nasi; nasal fossa)
  • roof of nasal cavity
  • floor of nasal cavity
  • medial wall (septum nasi)

Gray's page #195

• Nasal cavity (cavum nasi; nasal fossa)
  • lateral wall
    • superior meatus
    • sphenopalatine foramen
    • posterior ethmoidal cells
    • sphenoethmoidal recess
    • middle meatus
    • hiatus semilunaris
    • bulla ethmoidalis
    • infundibulum
    • frontonasal duct
    • ostium maxillare
    • inferior meatus

Gray's page #196

• Anterior nasal aperture
  • choanæ
• Fontanelles
  • anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle)
  • posterior fontanelle
  • lateral fontanelles

Gray's page #197

• Skull: sexual differences in:
• Craniology

Gray's page #198

• The Points in the Median plane
• The Points on Either Side of the Median plane

Gray's page #199

• Cleft palate
• Endognathion
• Mesognathion

the extremities (Gray's s48)

the bones of the upper extremity

the clavicle (Gray's s49)

Gray's page #200

• (Ossa Extremitatis Superioris) & (Clavicula; Collar bone)
• clavicle
• coracoid tuberosity (conoid tubercle)
• oblique or trapezoid ridge

Gray's page #202

• costal tuberosity (rhomboid impression)
• subclavian groove
• Sternal extremity (extremitas sternalis; internal extremity)
• Acromial extremity (extremitas acromialis; outer extremity)

the scapula/Shoulder blade (Gray's s50)

Gray's page #202

• Surfaces
  • subscapular fossa

Gray's page #203

• Surfaces
  • subscapular angle
  • supraspinatous fossa
  • infraspinatous fossa
• Spine of scapula (spina scapulæ)
  • crest of the spine
  • great scapular notch
• Acromion

Gray's page #204

• Borders
  • superior border
    • scapular notch

Gray's page #205

• Borders
  • axillary border
  • infraglenoid tuberosity

Gray's page #206

• Borders
  • vertebral border
• Angles
  • medial angle
  • inferior angle

Gray's page #207

• Angles
  • lateral angle
    • glenoid cavity
    • glenoidal labrum
    • supraglenoid tuberosity
• Coracoid process (processus coracoideus)

Gray's page #208

• Ossification of scapula

the humerus (Gray's s51)

Gray's page #209

• Upper extremity of humerus
  • head of humerus (caput humeri)
  • surgical neck
  • Anatomical neck (collum anatomicum)
  • Greater tubercle (tuberculum majus; greater tuberosity)
  • Lesser tubercle (tuberculum minus; lesser tuberosity)
  • intertubercular groove (bicipital groove)
  • crests of the greater and lesser tubercles (bicipital ridges)
• body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)

Gray's page #211

• body of humerus or shaft of humerus (corpus humeri)
  • radial sulcus (musculospiral groove)
  • lateral supracondylar ridge
  • crest of the lesser tubercle
  • medial supracondylar ridge
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • radial sulcus

Gray's page #212

• Lower extremity of humerus
  • articular surface
  • capitulum of the humerus
  • radial fossa
  • trochlea
  • coronoid fossa
  • olecranon fossa
  • supratrochlear foramen
  • lateral epicondyle
  • medial epicondyle

Gray's page #213

• Ossification of humerus

the ulna (Gray's s52)

Gray's page #214

• Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
  • Olecranon (olecranon process)
  • Coronoid process (processus coronoideus)
  • tuberosity of the ulna
  • radial notch

Gray's page #215

• Upper extremity of ulna (proximal extremity of ulna)
  • Semilunar notch (incisura semilunaris; greater sigmoid cavity)
  • Radial notch (incisura radialis; lesser sigmoid cavity)
• Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)

Gray's page #218

• Body of ulna or Shaft of ulna (corpus ulnæ)
  • perpendicular line
  • medial surface (facies medialis; internal surface)
• Lower extremity (distal extremity)
  • head of ulna
  • styloid process

Gray's page #219

• ossification of ulna

the radius (Gray's s53)

Gray's page #219

• Upper extremity of radius (proximal extremity)
  • head of radius
  • neck of radius
  • radial tuberosity
• Body of radius or Shaft of radius (corpus radii)
  • oblique line of the radius

Gray's page #220

• Lower extremity of radius
  • ulnar notch of the radius (sigmoid cavity)
  • styloid process
• Ossification of radius

the hand

the carpus (Gray's s54)

Gray's page #221

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Navicular bone (os naviculare manus; scaphoid bone)

Gray's page #224

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Lunate bone (os lunatum; semilunar bone)
  • Triangular bone (os triquetum; cuneiform bone)

Gray's page #225

• Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
  • Pisiform bone (os pisiforme)
• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Greater multangular bone (os multangulum majus; trapezium)
  • Lesser multangular bone (os multangulum minus; trapezoid bone)

Gray's page #226

• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum)

Gray's page #227

• Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
  • Hamate bone (os hamatum; unciform bone)
    • Hamulus of hamate bone

the metacarpus (Gray's s55)

Gray's page #227

• metacarpus

Gray's page #228

• Metacarpal bones (Ossa metacarpalia I-V )
  • First metacarpal bone
  • Second metacarpal bone
  • Third metacarpal bone
  • Fourth metacarpal bone
  • Fifth metacarpal bone

the phalanges of the hand (Gray's s56)

Gray's page #230

• phalanges (Phalanges digitorum manus)
• body
• proximal extremities
• distal extremities
• ungual phalanges
• Articulations

the bones of the lower extremity

the hip bone (Gray's s57)

Gray's page #231

• Ossa Extremitatis Inferioris & Os Coxæ; Innominate bone
• hip bone
• acetabulum
• obturator foramen

Ilium

Gray's page #231

• Ilium (os ilii)
• arcuate line
• Body of ilium (corpus oss. ilii)

Gray's page #232

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • External surface
    • dorsum ilii
    • posterior gluteal line (superior curved line)

Gray's page #233

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • External surface
    • anterior gluteal line (middle curved line)
    • inferior gluteal line (inferior curved line)

Gray's page #234

• Ala (ala oss. ilii)
  • Internal surface of the ala
    • iliac fossa
    • arcuate line
    • anterior surface (auricular surface)
    • iliac tuberosity
    • preauricular sulcus
  • Crest of the ilium
  • Anterior border of the ala
    • anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine
    • anterior inferior iliac spine
    • iliopectineal eminence
  • Posterior border of the ala
    • posterior superior iliac spine
    • posterior inferior iliac spine
    • greater sciatic notch

Ischium

• Ischium (os ischii)
• body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)

Gray's page #235

• body of ischium (corpus ossis ischii)
  • posterior obturator tubercle
  • ischial spine
  • greater sciatic notch
  • lesser sciatic notch
• Superior ramus (ramus superior ossis ischii; descending ramus)
  • tuberosity of the ischium
• Inferior ramus (ramus inferior ossis ischii; ascending ramus)

Pubis

Gray's page #236

• Pubis (os pubis)
• Body of pubis (corpus oss. pubis)
• Superior ramus (ramus superior oss. pubis; ascending ramus)
  • Medial portion of superior ramus
    • pubic tubercle (pubic spine)
    • subcutaneous inguinal ring (external abdominal ring)
    • inguinal ligament (Poupart's ligament)
    • inguinal falx (conjoined tendon of Obliquus internus and Transversus)
    • lacunar ligament (Gimbernat's ligament)
    • reflected inguinal ligament (triangular fascia)
    • pubic crest
  • Lateral portion of superior ramus
    • iliopectineal eminence
    • obturator crest

Gray's page #237

• Inferior ramus (ramus inferior oss. pubis; descending ramus)
• Acetabulum (cotyloid cavity)
  • glenoidal labrum (cotyloid ligament)
  • acetabular notch
  • acetabular fossa
  • lunate surface
• Obturator foramen (foramen obturatum; thyroid foramen)
  • obturator groove
  • posterior obturator tubercle
  • anterior obturator tubercle

the pelvis (Gray's s58)

Gray's page #238

• bones comprising pelvis
  • left and right hip bones
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
• linea terminalis (pelvic brim)
• Greater pelvis or False pelvis (pelvis major)

Gray's page #239

• Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
  • Superior circumference
    • superior aperture or inlet
    • anteroposterior or conjugate diameter
    • transverse diameter
    • oblique diameter

Gray's page #240

• Lesser pelvis or True pelvis (pelvis minor)
  • Lower circumference
    • inferior aperture or outlet
    • pubic arch
    • sciatic notches
    • antero-posterior diameter
    • transverse diameter

Gray's page #241

• Pelvis: male and female, differences between:

the femur (Gray's s59)

Gray's page #242

• Femur (Thigh bone)

Gray's page #243

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Head of femur (caput femoris)
  • fovea capitis femoris
  • Neck of femur (collum femoris)

Gray's page #244

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Trochanters
  • Greater trochanter (trochanter major; great trochanter)
    • trochanteric fossa (digital fossa)

Gray's page #245

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • Lesser trochanter (trochanter minor; small trochanter)
  • tubercle of the femur
  • intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur)

Gray's page #246

• Upper extremity of femur (proximal extremity)
  • intertrochanteric crest
  • linea quadrata
• Body of femur or Shaft of femur (corpus femoris)
  • linea aspera
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • third trochanter
  • pectineal line
  • popliteal surface
  • adductor tubercle
  • medial lip
  • lateral lip

Gray's page #247

• Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
  • condyles
  • patellar surface
  • intercondyloid fossa
  • lateral condyle
  • medial condyle
  • intercondyloid line
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle

Gray's page #248

• Lower extremity of femur (distal extremity)
  • articular surface
  • patellar surface
  • tibial surfaces

Gray's page #255

• Ossification of femur

the patella (Gray's s60)

Gray's page #255

• Patella (Knee cap)

the tibia (Gray's s61)

Gray's page #256

• Tibia (Shin bone)
• Upper extremity of tibia (proximal extremity)
  • medial condyle and lateral condyle
  • superior articular surface
  • intercondyloid eminence (spine of tibia)
  • anterior surfaces
  • tuberosity of the tibia
  • posterior intercondyloid fossa

Gray's page #257

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • interosseous crest or lateral border

Gray's page #258

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • popliteal line

Gray's page #259

• Body of tibia or Shaft of tibia (corpus tibiæ)
  • nutrient foramen
• Lower extremity of tibia
  • medial malleolus
  • inferior articular surface

Gray's page #260

• Lower extremity of tibia
  • malleolar sulcus
• Ossification of tibia

the fibula (Gray's s62)

Gray's page #260

• Fibula (Calf bone)
• Upper extremity or Head of fibula (capitulum fibulœ; proximal extremity)
  • apex (styloid process)
• Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
  • antero-lateral border
  • antero-medial border, or interosseous crest

Gray's page #261

• Body of fibula or shaft of fibula (corpus fibulæ)
  • postero-lateral border
  • postero-medial border (oblique line)

Gray's page #262

• Lower extremity or Lateral malleolus (malleolus lateralis; distal extremity; external malleolus)
  • malleolar sulcus

the foot

the tarsus (Gray's s63)

Gray's page #263

• Tarsal bones (Ossa tarsi)
• Calcaneus (Os calcis)
  • Calcaneal sulcus

Gray's page #266

• Calcaneus (Os calcis)
  • Calcaneal tuberosity
  • Sustentaculum tali
  • Trochlear process of calcaneus
• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)

Gray's page #267

• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
  • Corpus tali
  • sulcus tali
  • sinus tarsi

Gray's page #269

• Talus (Astragalus, Ankle bone)
  • Os trigonum
  • Collum tali
  • Caput tali
• Cuboid bone (Os cuboideum)
  • Tuberosity of cuboid

Gray's page #270

• Navicular bone of tarsus (Os naviculare pedis)
  • Tuberosity of navicular bone
• Cuneiform bones
  • First cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme primum)

Gray's page #271

• Cuneiform bones
  • Second cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme secundum)
  • Third cuneiform bone (Os cuneiforme tertium)

the metatarsus (Gray's s64)

Gray's page #272

• Metatarsus
• Metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsalia)
• First metatarsal bone

Gray's page #273

• Second metatarsal bone

Gray's page #274

• Third metatarsal bone
• Fourth metatarsal bone
• Fifth metatarsal bone
  • Tuberosity: of fifth metatarsal bone

the phalanges of the foot (Gray's s65)

Gray's page #275

• phalanges of the foot (Phalanges Digitorum Pedis)
• ungual phalanges

comparison of the bones of the hand and foot (Gray's s66)

Gray's page #276

• Comparison of bones of hand and foot

the sesamoid bones (Gray's s67)

Gray's page #277

• Sesamoid bones (Ossa sesamoidea )

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy