Foramen lacerum
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| Foramen lacerum | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Foramen lacerum is labeled at center left, and is visible as the large hole between yellow sphenoid, red temporal, and blue occipital) | |
| Gray's | subject #47 192 |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | f_12/12373219 |
The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate.
Transit through the foramen lacerum
Several anatomy texts incorrectly state that the internal carotid artery passes through the foramen lacerum. However, in vivo the foramen is actually occluded by cartilage, preventing the artery from passing through. Rather, the internal carotid artery enters the base of the skull through the carotid canal, and travels superiorly to the cartilage occluding the foramen lacerum.
However, some nerves, arteries, and veins do pass through the cartilage plug of the foramen lacerum: the artery of pterygoid canal, the nerve of pterygoid canal, and some venous drainage.
- The nerve of pterygoid canal comprises the deep petrosal nerve and the greater petrosal nerve the former carrying sympathetic fibres and the latter parasympathetic fibres of the autonomic nervous system to blood vessels, mucous membranes, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands.
- Furthermore, one of the terminal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery (itself a branch of the external carotid artery) passes through the foramen lacerum. This is one of three possible "meningeal branches" of this vessel, the ascending pharyngeal artery.
- Lastly, some emissary veins pass through the foramen lacerum. These connect the extracranial pterygoid plexus with the intracranial cavernous sinus and present an unopposed route for infection.
External links
- SUNY Figs 22:5b-10 - "Internal view of skull."
- Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton/foramenlacerum
- Norman/Georgetown cranialnerves (VII)
- Tauber M, van Loveren H, Jallo G, Romano A, Keller J (1999). "The enigmatic foramen lacerum". Neurosurgery 44 (2): 386-91; discussion 391-3. PMID 9932893.
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34257.000-1
- Image at ucsd.edu
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
