Heart murmur
(Redirected from Holosystolic Murmur)
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Abnormal heart sounds; cardiac bruit; cardiac murmur
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Related Chapters
Symptoms and signs: circulatory (R00–R03, 785) | |||||||
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| Cardiovascular |
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| Myeloid/blood |
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Symptoms and signs: respiratory system (R04–R07, 786) | |
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| Hemorrhage | * Epistaxis |
| Abnormalities of breathing | ; Respiratory sounds: |
| Other | * Asphyxia |
| Chest, general | * Chest pain |
Symptoms and signs: skin and subcutaneous tissue (R20-R23, 782) | |
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| Disturbances of skin sensation | Hypoesthesia - Paresthesia - Hyperesthesia |
| Other | Rash - Cyanosis - Pallor - Flushing - Petechia - Desquamation - Induration - Diaphoresis |
Symptoms and signs: nervous and musculoskeletal systems (R25-R29, 781) | |
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| Abnormal involuntary movements (see also movement disorders) | Tremor - Spasm - Fasciculation - Athetosis |
| Gait abnormality | Scissor gait - Antalgic gait - Cerebellar ataxia - Festinating gait - Pigeon gait - Propulsive gait - Steppage gait - Stomping gait - Spastic gait - Myopathic gait - Magnetic gait - Trendelenburg gait |
| Lack of coordination | Ataxia (Cerebellar ataxia, Sensory ataxia) - Dysmetria - Dysdiadochokinesia - Hypotonia |
| Other | Tetany - Meningism - Hyperreflexia - Opisthotonus - Abnormal posturing - Hemispatial neglect |
Symptoms and signs: urinary system (R30-R39, 788) | |
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| General | Renal colic - Dysuria - Vesical tenesmus - Urinary incontinence - Urinary retention - Oliguria - Polyuria - Nocturia - Extravasation of urine - Extrarenal uremia |
Symptoms and signs: cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour (R40-R46, 780-781) | |
|---|---|
| General | Anxiety - Somnolence - Coma - Amnesia (Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia) - Dizziness/Vertigo |
| Olfaction | Anosmia - Parosmia |
| Taste | Ageusia - Parageusia |
Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice (R47-R49, 784) | |
|---|---|
| Aphasia/Dysphasia | Expressive aphasia - Receptive aphasia - Conduction aphasia |
| Other speech disturbances | Dysarthria - Schizophasia |
| Symbolic dysfunctions | Dyslexia - Alexia - Agnosia (Prosopagnosia) - Apraxia - Acalculia - Agraphia |
| Voice disturbances | Dysphonia - Aphonia |
Symptoms and signs: general (R50-R69, 780-789) | |
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| General | Fever (Hyperpyrexia) - Headache - Chronic pain - Malaise/Fatigue (Asthenia, Debility) - Fainting (Vasovagal syncope) - Febrile seizure - Shock (Cardiogenic shock) - Lymphadenopathy - Edema (Peripheral edema, Anasarca) - Hyperhidrosis (Sleep hyperhidrosis) - Delayed milestone - Failure to thrive - Short stature (Idiopathic) - food and fluid intake (Anorexia, Polydipsia, Polyphagia) - Cachexia - Xerostomia - Clubbing - Tenderness |
Symptoms and signs: Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism and development (R62–R64, 783) | |
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| Ingestion/Weight | |
| Growth | Delayed milestone • Failure to thrive • Short stature (e.g., Idiopathic) |
Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459) | |
|---|---|
| Hypertension | Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Dressler's syndrome |
| Pulmonary circulation | Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale |
| Pericardium | Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade |
| Endocardium/heart valves | Endocarditis - mitral valve (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valve (stenosis, insufficiency) |
| Myocardium | Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
| Electrical conduction system of the heart | Heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block Pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine) - Long QT syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome - Cardiac arrest - Sudden cardiac death Arrhythmia: Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular, AV nodal reentrant, Ventricular) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation - Premature contraction (Atrial, Ventricular) - Ectopic pacemaker - Sick sinus syndrome |
| Other heart conditions | Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | Stroke - Transient ischemic attack - Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease |
| Arteries, arterioles and capillaries | Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis) - Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Vasculitis/Arteritis (Aortitis) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma - Dissection (Carotid artery, Vertebral artery) |
| Veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes | Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph (Lymphadenitis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis) |
| Other | Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension) - Rheumatic fever |
| See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747) | |
- The main article for this category is Heart murmur.id:Kategori:Pemeriksaan fisikde:Herzgeräusch
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