Myelodysplastic syndrome differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:49, 28 February 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2] Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD [3] Nawal Muazam M.D.[4] Amandeep Singh M.D.[5]

Overview

Myelodysplastic syndrome must be differentiated from other diseases that cause anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, such as: aplastic anemia, fanconi anemia, pure red cell aplasia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, parovirus B19 infection, and vitamin B12 defeciency

Differentiating Myelodysplastic Syndrome from other Diseases

ABBREVIATIONS

EPO: Erythropoietin, FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Hb: Hemoglobin, LAD: Leukocyte alkaline dehydrgenase, LAP: Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, LFTs: Liver function tests, NL: Normal, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, Plt: Platelet, PUD: Peptic ulcer disease, RFTs: Renal function tests, WBCs: White blood cells.

Disease		Clinical manifestations		Diagnosis										Other features
		Symptoms	Signs	CBC & Peripheral smear								Bone marrow biopsy	Other investigations
				WBCs						Hb	Plt
				WBC	Blasts	Left shift	Baso- phils	Eosino- phils	Mono- cytes	Hb	Plt
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)^[1]^[2]		Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection	Pallor Petechiae Organomegaly	↓	Variable	-	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	Hypercellular/ normocellular bone marrow with dysplastic changes	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry Macro-ovalocytes Basophilic stippling Howell-Jolly body	Leukemia transformation Acquired pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)^[3]^[4]		Asymptomatic Constitutional Hyperviscosity and/or anemia related Bleeding Infection	Splenomegaly (46–76%) Purpura Anemia related Priapism	↑	<2%	+	↑	↑	↑	↓	NL	Hypercellurarity with ↑ granuloscytosis and ↓ erythrocytosis Fibrosis	FISH for t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) for BCR-ABL	Granulocytic dysplasia is minimal/absent May present with blast crisis Absolute leukocytosis (median of 100,000/µL) Classic myelocyte bulge thrombocytopenia indicates advanced stage
Polycythemia vera (PV)^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]		Constitutional Thromboembolism and bleeding Pruritus after a warm bath PUD related	Facial ruddiness Related to underlying cause Splenomegaly Renal bruit	NL or ↑	None	-	↑ or ↓	NL or ↑	NL	↑↑	NL	Hypercellularity for age with tri-lineage growth Myelofibrosis (in up to 20% of patients)	Radioisotope studies Serum EPO levels LFTs RFTs Imaging studies ↓ Serum ferritin ↓ Folate levels ↑↑ B12 levels	May transform into myelofibrosis or leukemia
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF)^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]		Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection Abdominal Pain	Hepatosplenomegaly Petechiae & ecchymoses Abdominal distension Lymphadenopathy	↓	Erythroblasts	-	Absent	NL	NL	↓	↓	Variable with fibrosis or hypercellularity	JAK2 mutation CALR mutation MPL mutation ↑ LAP ↑ LAD ↑ Uric acid ↑ B12 levels	Bone marrow aspiration shows a dry tap Variable with leukocytosis or leukopenia
Disease		Symptoms	Sign	WBC	Blasts	Left shift	Baso- phils	Eosino- phils	Mono- cytes	Hb	Plt	Bone marrow biopsy	Other investigations	Other features
Essential thrombocythemia (ET)^[13]^[14]^[15]		Headache Dizziness Visual disturbances Priapism Acute chest pain	Splenomegaly Skin bruises	NL or ↑	None	-	↓ or absent	NL	NL	↓	↑↑	Normal/Hypercellular	JAK2 mutation CALR mutation MPL mutation	Thrombosis Hemorrhage Pregnancy loss
Myelodysplastic /myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN)	Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)^[16] ^[17]^[18]	Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infections Bone pain Leukemia Cutis	Organomegaly Bruising	↑	< 20%		NL	↑	↑↑	↓	↓	Myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative feature	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry ↑ LDH	Overlapping of both, MDS and MPN Absolute monocytosis > 1 × 10⁹/L (defining feature) MD-CMML:WBC ≤ 13 × 10⁹/L (FAB) MP-CMML:WBC > 13 × 10⁹/L (FAB)
	Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), BCR-ABL1-^[19]^[20]	Asymptomatic Constitutional Hyperviscosity and/or anemia related Bleeding Infection	Splenomegaly (46–76%) Purpura Anemia related Priapism	↑	<20%	+	<2% of WBCs	N/A	N/A	↓	↓	Granulocytic hyperplasia with prominent dysplasia	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry	Granulocytic dysplasia is prominent Absence of BCR-ABL or PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1 rearrangements WBC > 13 × 10⁹/L
	Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)^[21]^[22]	Infections Anemia related	Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Rash	↑	↑	N/A	N/A	N/A	↑	↓	↓	Hypercelluar with ↑ myeloid cells in stages of maturation	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry ↓ Serum Iron ↑ B12 levels	Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
	MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T)^[23]^[24]^[25]	Constitutional Anemia related Thrombosis	Variable	NL or ↑	NL	-	NL	N/A	N/A	↓	↑	Hypercellularity with dyserythropoiesis and increased megakaryocytes	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry ↑ Serum Iron	Large atypical megakaryocytes Ringed sideroblasts SF3B1 mutation
Disease		Symptoms	Sign	WBC	Blasts	Left shift	Baso- phils	Eosino- phils	Mono- cytes	Hb	Plt	Bone marrow biopsy	Other investigations	Other features
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)^[26]^[27]^[28]		Asymptomatic Constitutional symptoms Bleeding Infection	Splenomegaly Heptomegaly Purpura Anemia related	↑	Minimal	+	NL	NL	NL	↓	↓	Uniforme and intense hypercellularity with minimal to none fibrosis Neutrophil toxic granulations and Dohle bodies	FISH Imaging for hepatosplenomegaly ↑ LDH ↑ B12 levels	Associationed with polycythemia vera and plasma cell disorders Leukocytosis with chronic neutrophilia
Chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified (NOS)^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]		Constitutional Rash Rhinitis Gastritis Thromboembolism related	Hypertension Eczema, mucosal ulcers, erythema Angioedema Ataxia Anemia Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly	↑	Present	+	↑	↑↑	↑	↓	↓	Hypercelluar with ↑ eosinophilic precursors, ↑ eosinophils, and atypical mononuclear cells	FISH Cytogenetic analysis of purified eosinophils and X-chromosome inactivation analysis ↑ B12 levels ↑ LDH	Heart failure Lung fibrosis Encephalopathy Erythema annulare centrifugam
MPN, unclassifiable		Similar to other myeloproliferative neoplasms	Similar to other myeloproliferative neoplasms	↑	Variable	±	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↑	↑ megakaryocyte proliferation with variable hypercellularity in granulocytic or erythrocytic cell lines	May resemble other myeloproliferative neoplasms	Similar to other myeloprolifeartive neoplasms but do not fulfil the criteria to be classified to a specific type
Mastocytosis^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]		Constitutional Pruritus & Flushing Urticaria & Blisters Hypotension & PUD Bleeding Bronchoconstriction	Mastocytosis exanthema Blistering Swelling Lymphadenopathy Bleeding Fibrosis	↑	None	-	NL	↑	NL	↓	↓ or ↑	Multifocal dense infiltrates of mast cells with atypical morphology in >25 %	Cytogenetic analysis for c-KIT receptor mutations Serum tryptase levels 24-hour urine test for N-methyl histamine and 11-beta-prostaglandine ↑ Alkaline phosphatase ↑ LDH	Skin most commonly involved Susceptibility to anaphylaxix Osteoporosis
Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40]		Asymptomatic Constitutional Rash Cough & breathlessness Peripheral neuropathy/ encephalopathy	Fever Lymphadenopathy	↑	NL	-	NL	↑	↑	NL	↓	Myeloid expansion with eosinophilia	FISH shows t(8;13) and t(8;22)	May present or evolve into acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia Leukocytosis (30 - 59 × 10⁹/L
Disease		Symptoms	Sign	WBC	Blasts	Left shift	Baso- phils	Eosino- phils	Mono- cytes	Hb	Plt	Bone marrow biopsy	Other investigations	Other features
B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma^[41]^[42]		Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Infection Bone pain	Pallor Petechiae Organomegaly Lymphadenopathy	NL or ↑	>25%	N/A	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↓	Hypercellular with blast infilterationwith or without myelodysplasia	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH Auer bodies	May present as extramedullary disease (Myeloid sarcoma)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related neoplasms^[43]^[44]		Constitutional Anemia related Bleeding Bone pain Joint pain Infections	Infection related Pallor Leukemia cutis Bruising & petechiae Lymphadenopathy Hepatosplenomegaly	NL or ↑	↑	N/A	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↓	Increased immaturemyeloid cells with dysplasia	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH ↑ Potassium ↑ Uric acid ↑ Phosphorus ↓ Calcium ↑ LDH	Common in Down syndrome
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm^[45]^[46]^[47]^[48]		Cutaneous symptoms (brown/purple nodular lesions) on face, scalp, lower limb & trunk	Brown/violaceous bruise like lesions Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly	NL	↑		NL	NL	NL	↓	↓	Malignant cells	Immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry for CD4 & CD56 Neutropenia	TdT expression positive May develop chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
Disease		Symptoms	Sign	WBC	Blasts	Left shift	Baso- phils	Eosino- phils	Mono- cytes	Hb	Plt	Bone marrow biopsy	Other investigations	Other features
T-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma	T-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma^[49]^[50]^[51]	Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome	Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions	↑	>25% blasts (Leukemia) <25% blasts (Lymphoma)	±	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↓	Hypercelluarity with increased T cells precursors	Cytogenetic analysis Flow cytometry FISH ↑ LDH Positive for TdT	May involve brain, skin, and testes.
	Provisional entity: Natural killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymph^[52]	Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome	Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions	↑	↑	±	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↓	N/A	Cytogenetic analysis FISH Flow cytometry ↑ LDH	Similar to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia but may have more aggressive clinical course. Diagnosis is usually based on presence of CD56 expression, and T-cell-associated markers such as CD2 and CD7. B-cell markers are absent.
	Provisional entity: Early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia^[53]^[54]	Constitutional Anemia Related Bleeding Superior vena cava syndrome	Lymphadenopathy Mediastinal mass Pleural effusions Tracheal obstruction Pericardial effusions	↑	↑	±	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↑ or ↓	↓	↓	Hypercelluarity with increased T cells precursors	Cytogenetic analysis FISH Flow cytometry ↑ LDH	Similar to T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia but is more aggressive clinically and cell are characterized by cytometry as CD1a⁻, CD8⁻, CD5⁻ (dim), and positivity for 1 or more stem cell or myeloid antigens. Gene expression indicates more immature cells as compared to other subtypes of T-cell neoplasms.

Differentiating myelodysplastic syndrome from other causes of macrocytic anemia

Disease	Genetics	Clinical manifestation					Lab findings
		History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Iron studies					Specific finding on blood smear
		History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	Transferrin or TIBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Folate deficiency^[55]	Impaired DNA synthesis	Alcohol consumption History of using drugs like methotrexate, trimethoprim, and phenytoin Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition Older people Pregnant and lactating women	No neurological symptoms vs B12 deficiency Odynophagia Angular stomatitis	Glossitis Signs of heart failure Anencephaly and spina bifida	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	RBC macrocytosis Hypersegmented neutrophils Pancytopenia in severe cases
Vitamin B12 deficiency^[56]	Impaired DNA synthesis	Pernicious anemia Crohn's disease Gastrectomy Veganism Diphyllobothrium latum infection	Psychosis Insomnia Depression Cognitive slowing Restless leg syndrome	Neurological deficit Myelopathy Memory loss with reduced attention span Nystagmus Positive romberg sign Positive Lhermitte's sign	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Senile neutrophil Anisocytosis Ovalocytes
Orotic aciduria^[57]	Autosomal recessive Deficiency of enzyme UMPS	Episodic vomiting Rhabdomyolysis	Coma Gastrointestinal manifestation	Neurological manifestation	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	NA
Fanconi anemia^[58]	Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive	History of anemia at age 16	Hypopigmentation Cafe-au-lait patches Radial ray anomaly	Significant for bilateral short thumbs	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Nl appearing WBC, RBC and Platelets But the number is greatly reduced
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Diamond-Blackfan anemia^[59]	Mutations in: RPL5 RPL11 RPL35A RPS7 RPS10 RPS17 RPS19 RPS24 RPS26	Associated with myelodysplastic syndrome Increased risk of AML	Pale skin Sleepiness Heart murmurs	Triphalangeal thumbs Short stature Microcephaly Hypertelorism Ptosis Micrognathia	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	Nl	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	NA
Liver disease^[60]	−	Hepatitis Binge drinking Gall bladder disease	Jaundice Abdominal pain Itchy skin	Ascites Right upper quadrant pain Hepatomegaly Swelling in the legs Ankle swelling	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↑	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Round macrocytes Target macrocytes
Alcoholism^[61]	−	History of increased alcohol intake Folic acid deficiency	Memory impairment Nausea Sweating	Truncal obesity Asterixis Encephalopathy Spider angiomas Hematemesis Gynecomastia	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↑	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Oval macrocytes Hypersegmented neutrophils
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear

Differentiating myelodysplastic syndrome from other causes of thrombocytopenia

Condition		Etiology	Mechanism			Inherited	Acquried	Clinical manifestations									Para−clinical findings						Gold standard	Associated findings
								Demography	History	Symptoms			Signs				Para−clinical findings
										Symptoms			Signs				Lab Findings
										Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other	CBC			PBS	Bone marrow exam	Other
			Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen					Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	Other
Bone marrow disorders	Myelodysplastic syndromes^[62]	Unknown Mutation	+	−	−	±	+	Elderly	Exposure to Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Tobacco smoke	+	Petechiae, purpura, diffuse erythematous rash	+	Nl	+	+	Shortness of breath Fatigue Pallor	↓	↓	↓	Ovalomacrocytosis Basophilic stippling Howell-Jolly body Dysplastic neutrophils	Impaired myeloid maturation Dyserythropoiesis Dysgranulopoiesis Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis Hypercellular bone marrow Fibrosis	Nl	Bone marrow examination + clinical manifestation	Might transformed to acute leukemia
	Aplastic anemia^[63]	Unknown secondary to radiation, drugs and chemicals, pregnancy, PNH and viral or autoimmune causes	+	−	−	±	±	Biphasic (the young and the elderly)	Exposure to chemicals Radiation History of prior drug use Viral infection Positive family history of aplastic anemia	−	−	+	Nl	−	−	Shortness of breath Fatigue Pallor	↓	↓	↓	Large RBCs Low platelets and granulocytes	Hypocellular bone marrow replacement of bone marrow by fat	Elevated PT/PTT	Bone marrow examination + laboratory findings	Fanconi Anemia Dyskeratosis congenita Schwachman-Diamond syndrome Preleukemia
	Acute leukemia^[64]^[65]	Immune mediated Chromosomal abnormalities	+	+	−	±	±	AML in adults	Exposure to chemicals Radiation Pre-existent blood disorders	±	Petechiae	+	Nl	±	−	Weakness	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Blast cells	Hemoglobinuria Elevated PT/PTT	Bone marrow examination	Tumor lysis syndrome Infection CNS involvement DIC
	Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)^[66]	Deficiency of complement regulatory proteins Mutations	+	+	−	−	+	Any age (usually younger adults)	Sudden nocturnal hemoglobinuria with partial clearing during the day	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	Thrombosis Smooth muscle dystonia	↓/Nl	↓	↓/Nl	Pancytopenia	Cellular marrow Erythroid hyperplasia dyserythropoiesis Hypocellular marrow in certain stages of the disease	Hemoglobinuria	Flow cytometry	Chronic renal failure Pulmonary hypertension Aplastic anemia
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)	Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)^[67]	Deficiency of, or antibodies to, the metalloprotease ADAMTS13	−	+	−	±	+	Any age	Neurologic manifestations Fatigue due to anemia	+	Petechiae	Not common	Nl or ↑	−	+	Neurologic findings Signs of renal impairment	↓	↓	Nl or ↑	Fragmented RBCs	NA	Hemoglobinuria	Laboratory findings	Hemolysis Microvascular thrombosis
	Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)^[68]	Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genetic defects	−	+	−	±	+	Children	Exposure to contaminated water or milk Consuming undercooked ground beef	+	Petechiae	−	↓	−	+	Abdominal tenderness Diarrhea	↓	↓	Nl or ↑	Fragmented RBCs	NA	Hemoglobinuria	Laboratory findings	Acute renal failure Hemolysis Microvascular thrombosis
	DIC^[69]^[70]	Overstimulation of the coagulation system	+	+	−	−	+	Any age	History of trauma, sepsis, malignancy, vasculitis or exogenous toxins	+	+	+	↓	−	+	Neurologic findings Signs of renal impairment	↓	↓↓	↑	Schistocytes Helmet cells	Low platelets Low RBCs	Hemoglobinuria Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation + laboratory findings	Hemolysis Microangiopathy Multi-organ dysfunction
Nutrient deficiencies	Folate, vitamin B12, copper deficiencies^[71]^[72]	Decreased platelet production	+	−	−	−	+	Any age	Malnutrition Alcohol use	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	Fatigue Weakness	↓	↓	Nl	Low platelets Low RBCs	Low platelets Low RBCs	Nl	Laboratory findings	Megaloblastic anemia
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
Congenital platelet disorders^[73]^[74]^[75]	MYH9-related disorders^[76]	Cytoskeletal defects in megakaryocytes Mutation	+	−	−	+	−	Any age, very rare	Positive family history	−	Petechiae	+	Nl	−	−	Hearing loss Renal impairment Cataract	↓	↓	Nl	Large platelets Döhle body-like inclusions in peripheral blood neutrophils	NA	Nl	Genetic study	Autosomal dominant
	Bernard-Soulier syndrome^[77]	Absence of Gp Ib-IX-V	+	−	−	+	−	Children, rare	Positive family history	−	−	+	Nl	−	−	−	↓	Nl	Nl	Large platelets	Large platelets	Nl	Flow cytometry	Autosomal recessive Increased bleeding time
	Gray platelet syndrome^[78]	Reduction or absence of alpha-granules in blood platelets	+	−	−	+	−	Rare	Positive family history	−	Petechiae	+ Mucocutaneous	Nl	+	−	Epistaxis	↓	Nl	Nl	Large platelets and lack of granulation	Myelofibrosis	Nl	Genetic study	Autosomal recessive
	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome^[79]	Mutation in GATA-1	+	−	−	+	−	Rare	Positive family history	−	Eczema	+	Nl	−	−	Bloody diarrhea	↓	Nl	Nl	Small but low platelets	Small but low platelets	Nl	Genetic study	Recurrent infections autoimmune disorders Malignancy
	Thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) syndrome^[80]	1q21.1 deletion and bone marrow failure	+	−	−	+	−	Children	Positive family history	−	+	+	Nl	−	−	Bilateral radial aplasia	↓	Nl	Nl or ↑	Normal size platelets	Normal or hypercellular bone marrow Decreased, absent, or immature megakaryocytes Small, basophilic, vacuolated megakaryocytes Erythroid hyperplasia	Nl	Evidence of absent radius + Laboratory findings	Cow's milk allergy Various other anomalies
	Fechtner syndrome^[81]	Mutation of chromosome 22q11-13	+	−	−	+	−	Children	Positive family history	−	Ecchymoses and petechia	+ Mucocutaneous	Nl	−	−	Hearing loss Eye abnormalities	↓	Nl	Nl or ↑	Large platelets Granulocytic inclusions	NA	Microscopic hematuria Pyuria Red cell casts Cylindrical casts Proteinuria	Clinical manifestation + genetic study	Autosomal dominant variant of Alport syndrome Renal failure Hypoalbuminemia
	Von Willebrand disease^[82]	VWF deficiency/dysfunction	+	−	−	+	Rarely	More common with O blood type	Positive family history	−	−	+	−	−	−	−	Nl/ ↓	Nl/↓	Nl	Large platelets	NA	Hematuria	Laboratory findings	Lifelong bleeding disorder
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
ITP^[83]		Immune-mediated platelet destruction Inhibition of platelet release from the megakaryocyte	+	+	−	−	+	Any age	−	−	Ecchymoses and petechia	+ Mucocutaneous	Nl	−	−	−	↓↓↓	Nl	Nl	Nl	Large platelets, otherwise normal	Nl	Diagnosis of exclusion	Spontaneous remission
Systemic lupus erythematosus^[84]		Immune-mediated platelet destruction	−	+	−	−	+	Young women, more prevalent in Africans and Asians	Medication use History of weight changes Other rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases Family history of rheumatologic diseases	+	Malar rash, generalized maculopapular rash, discoid rash	+ Hemoptysis	Nl or ↑	+	+	Mucosal ulcers Lymphadenopathy Crackles Chest tenderness Murmur Hepatomegaly Cognitive impairment	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Pancytopenia	Hematuria Pyuria Proteinuria Cellular casts Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation + serology	TTP Multiorgan dysfunction Infections Atherosclerosis Malignancies Poor prognosis with lupus nephritis
Antiphospholipid syndrome^[85]		Autoantibody-mediated syndrome	−	+	−	+	+	Middle aged women, more in African American and Hispanic population	Abortion Other rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases Family history of rheumatologic diseases	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	DVT	↓	Nl	↓	Reduced platelets and WBC	Reduced platelets and WBC	Hematuria Elevated PTT	Clinical manifestation + repeated positive tests of aPL	Recurrent thrombosis Stroke
Felty's syndrome^[86]		Autoantibody-mediated syndrome Splenomegaly	−	+	+	±	+	Rare, young women	Arthritis Family history of RA	−	Necrotizing skin lesions Rheumatoid nodule	−	Nl	+	−	Lymphadenopathy	↓	Nl	↓	Reduced platelets and WBC	Reduced platelets and WBC	Nl	Clinical manifestation	Rheumatoid arthritis Positive RF and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies Episcleritis Pleuropericarditis
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
Bacterial infections	Sepsis^[87]	Direct bone marrow suppression	+	+	−	−	+	Any	Bacterial infection	+	Petechiae Purpura Erythema Ulceration	±	Nl to ↓	−	±	Malaise Lymphadenopathy	↓/↑	Nl	↑↑	Reduced platelets	NA	Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation + culture	Associated with ↑ mortality
	Helicobacter pylori^[88]	Immune thrombocytopenia	−	+	−	−	+	Any	−	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	Epigastric tenderness Heartburn	↓	Nl	Nl	Reduced platelets	NA	Nl	Clinical manifestation + culture	GERD
	Tick-borne infection^[89]	Immune thrombocytopenia	−	+	−	−	+	Endemic area like China, Japan, and Korea	Being bitten by a tick	+	Petechiae Purpura Erythema Ulceration	±	Nl to ↓	±	±	Encephalitis Hemorrhagic fever	↓	Nl	↓	Reduced platelets	NA	Proteinuria	PCR	Elevated ALT and AST Multiple organ failure Lymphadenopathy
Viral infections	HIV^[90]	Immune thrombocytopenia	+	+	+	−	+	Any	High risk behaviors Close contact	+	Skin lesions	±	Nl to ↓	±	±	Lymphadenopathy Muscle weakness Joint swelling Focal neurological deficits	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Pancytopenia	Proteinuria Elevated PT/PTT	Isolation of HIV	Malignancy Severe immunodeficiency
Viral infections	Other viruses such as rubella, mumps, varicella, parvovirus, hepatitis C, & Epstein-Barr virus^[91]	Immune thrombocytopenia	+	−	−	−	+	Any	High risk behaviors Close contact	+	Petechiae Purpura	−	Nl	±	±	Lymphadenopathy Muscle weakness Joint swelling Focal neurological deficits Depends on etiology	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Pancytopenia	Hematuria	Clinical manifestation + lab tests	Depends on etiology Encephalomyelitis
Parasitic infections	Malaria^[92]	Unknown Immune thrombocytopenia	+	−	−	−	+	Endemic area	Being bitten by a mosquito	+	−	±	Nl to ↓	±	±	Headache Weakness Night sweats Joint pain Muscle pain	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Pancytopenia	Hematuria	Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear	Life-threatening disease Multiple organ failure
Parasitic infections	Babesiosis^[93]	Unknown Immune thrombocytopenia	+	−	−	−	+	Rare	Being bitten by a tick Immunodeficiency	+	−	±	Nl to ↓	±	±	Fatigue Chills Sweats Headache	↓	↓	↓	Pancytopenia	Pancytopenia	Hematuria	Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear	Severe hemolytic anemia DIC Multiple organ failure
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
Antibiotics/ Antiepileptic^[94]	Quinine Sulfonamides Carbamazepine Phenytoin	Occurrence of drug-dependent, platelet-reactive antibodies	+	+	−	−	+	Any	Drug ingestion or injection	−	Ecchymoses Petechia	−	Nl	−	−	−	↓↓	↓	Nl	Reduced platelets	NA	Nl	Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes	NA
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia^[95]		Anti-heparin/PF4 antibody	−	+	−	−	+	Any	Heparin injection	−	Necrotic skin lesions	−	Nl	−	−	−	↓	Nl	Nl	Reduced platelets	NA	Nl	ELISA	Early or delayed-onset Thrombosis
Cytotoxic chemotherapy^[96]		Bone marrow suppression	+	−	−	−	+	Patients with malignancy	Drug ingestion or injection Cancer	−	Ecchymoses Petechia	−	Nl	−	−	−	↓	↓	↓	Reduced platelets	Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia	Hematuria Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes	Thrombosis
Radiation therapy^[97]		Predictable, dose-dependent myelosuppression	+	−	−	−	+	Patients with malignancy	Radiation Cancer	−	Purpura Petechiae	+	Nl	−	−	−	↓	↓	↓	Reduced platelets	Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia	Hematuria Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes	Thrombosis
Chronic liver disease^[98]		Bone marrow suppression	+	−	−	−	+	Any	Cirrhosis Alcohol use	−	Purpura Petechiae	+	↓	+	+	−	↓	↓	Nl	Reduced platelets	NA	Hematuria Elevated PT/PTT	Biopsy	Portal vein thrombosis Hepatorenal syndrome Variceal hemorrhage Hepatic hydrothorax Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Portal hypertension^[99]		Bone marrow suppression	+	−	−	−	+	Any	Cirrhosis Alcohol use	−	Purpura Petechiae	+	↓	+	+	−	↓	↓	Nl	Reduced platelets	NA	Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation	Portal vein thrombosis Ascites
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings
Giant capillary hemangioma (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome)^[100]^[101]		Platelet destruction	−	+	−	+	−	Infants	Rare but serious infantile coagulopathy	−	Multiple purple hemangioma	Intralesional bleeding	Nl	−	−	Visceral hemangiomas	↓↓	↓↓	Nl	Normocytic normochromic erythrocytes and markedly reduced platelets	Normal erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and megakaryocytic hyperplasia	Hematuria Elevated PT/PTT	Biopsy	Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma Tufted angioma
Cardiopulmonary bypass^[102]		Platelet destruction	−	+	−	−	+	Elderly	Coronary artery disease	−	Purpura Petechiae	+	Nl or ↑	−	−	−	↓	↓	Nl	Normocytic normochromic erythrocytes and markedly reduced platelets	NA	Hematuria Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation	Coagulopathy Hypofibrinogenemia
Alcohol^[103]		Platelet production suppression	+	−	+	−	+	Any	History of alcohol use	−	−	−	Nl	+	+	Hepatomegaly	↓	↓	↓	Cytopenia, macrocytosis	Cytopenia, macrocytosis	Elevated PT/PTT	Clinical manifestation	Chronic liver disease
Post-transfusion purpura^[104]^[105]		Platelet destruction by anti-platelet antibodies	−	+	−	−	+	Women	History of blood transfusion or pregnancy	−	Purpura Petechiae	+	↓	−	−	−	↓↓↓	↓	Nl	Nl	NA	Nl	Positive circulating alloantibody to a common platelet antigen	Severe but rare reaction
Gestational thrombocytopenia^[106]		Might be physiologic adaptation of pregnancy	−	−	−	−	+	Pregnant women	Positive history of mild thrombocytopenia	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	−	↓	Nl	Nl	Nl	NA	Nl	Diagnosis of exclusion	Self-limited condition
HELLP syndrome^[107]^[108]		Unknown	−	+	−	−	+	Pregnant > 25 years	History of preeclampsia	−	−	+	↑	−	+	Abdominal tenderness Ascites	↓	↓	Nl	Schistocytes	NA	Proteinuria	Lab abnormalities	Elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin Multiorgan dysfunction
Idiopathic cyclic thrombocytopenia^[109]		Unknown Might be autoimmune platelet destruction	+	+	−	−	+	Females with the median age of onset 35 years	Misdiagnosed as ITP with uniformly poor responses	−	Purpura Petechiae	Minor mucocutaneous bleeding	Nl	−	−	−	↓	Nl	Nl	Reduced platelets and megakaryocytes	Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia	Nl	Diagnosis of exclusion	Rebound thrombocytosis Myeloproliferative diseases Myelodysplastic syndrome
Pseudothrombocytopenia^[110]		Platelet clumping due to EDTA	−	−	−	−	+	Rare	Collected sample in EDTA anticoagulant	−	−	−	Nl	−	−	−	↓	Nl	Nl	Low platelet count and platelet clumps	Low platelet count and platelet clumps	Nl	Repeat collecting sample in a heparin tube	Nl
Condition		Etiology	Decreased platelet production	Platelet destruction in blood	Platelet destruction in spleen	Inherited	Acquried	Demography	History	Fever	Rash	Bleeding	BP	Splenomegaly	Jaundice	Other signs	Plt	HB	WBC	PBS	Bone marrow exam	UA	Gold standard	Associated findings

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Myelodysplastic syndrome}}
+[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndrome]]
-{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{NM}} {{ADS}}
+{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{HMHJ}} {{ZAS}} {{NM}} {{ADS}}
 ==Overview==
 Myelodysplastic syndrome must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[anemia]], [[neutropenia]], and [[thrombocytopenia]], such as: [[aplastic anemia]], [[fanconi anemia]], [[pure red cell aplasia]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[parvovirus B19|parovirus B19 infection]], and [[Vitamin B12|vitamin B12 defeciency]]
-==Myelodysplastic syndrome differential diagnosis==
+==Differentiating Myelodysplastic Syndrome from other Diseases==
-Myelodysplastic syndrome must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[anemia]], [[neutropenia]], and [[thrombocytopenia]], such as: [[aplastic anemia]], [[fanconi anemia]], [[pure red cell aplasia]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]], [[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[parvovirus B19|parovirus B19 infection]], and [[Vitamin B12|vitamin B12 defeciency]].<ref name=Librepathology3>Differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes. Librepathology (2015). http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Myelodysplastic_syndromes. Accessed on December 9, 2015</ref><ref name="MerrillSmith2011">{{cite journal|last1=Merrill|first1=Andrea L.|last2=Smith|first2=Hedy|title=Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Autoimmunity: A Case Report of an Unusual Presentation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome|journal=Case Reports in Hematology|volume=2011|year=2011|pages=1–4|issn=2090-6560|doi=10.1155/2011/560106}}</ref><ref name="DeZernSekeres2014">{{cite journal|last1=DeZern|first1=A. E.|last2=Sekeres|first2=M. A.|title=The Challenging World of Cytopenias: Distinguishing Myelodysplastic Syndromes From Other Disorders of Marrow Failure|journal=The Oncologist|volume=19|issue=7|year=2014|pages=735–745|issn=1083-7159|doi=10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0056}}</ref><ref name="WeinzierlArber2012">{{cite journal|last1=Weinzierl|first1=E. P.|last2=Arber|first2=D. A.|title=The Differential Diagnosis and Bone Marrow Evaluation of New-Onset Pancytopenia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=139|issue=1|year=2012|pages=9–29|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/AJCP50AEEYGREWUZ}}</ref>
+'''ABBREVIATIONS'''
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 900px" align=center
+'''EPO''': Erythropoietin, '''FISH''': Fluorescence in situ hybridization, '''Hb''': Hemoglobin, '''LAD''': Leukocyte alkaline dehydrgenase, '''LAP''': Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, '''LDH''': Lactate dehydrogenase, '''LFTs''': Liver function tests, '''NL''': Normal, '''PCR''': Polymerase chain reaction, '''Plt''': Platelet, '''PUD''': Peptic ulcer disease, '''RFTs''': Renal function tests, '''WBCs''': White blood cells.
-|valign=top|
+{| class="wikitable"
-|+
+! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease
-! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Inherited cytopenia}}
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Clinical manifestations
-! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Acquired cytopenia}}
+! colspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; width: 300px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Reactive cytopenia}}
+! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other features
 |-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align:left;"|
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Symptoms
-*[[Aplastic anemia]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Signs
-*[[Fanconi anemia]]
+! colspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |CBC & Peripheral smear
-*[[Pure red cell aplasia]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Bone marrow biopsy
-*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other investigations
-*Large granular lymphocytosis
+|-
-*Congenital hematopoietic disorder
+! colspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBCs
-*[[Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Hb
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align:left;"|
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Plt
-*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]
+|-
-*[[Parvovirus B19|Parovirus B19 infection]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBC
-*[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Blasts
-*Toxic exposures
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Left<br>shift
-*Biologic agents
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Baso-<br>phils
-*[[Heavy metals]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Eosino-<br>phils
-*[[Chemotherapy]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Mono-<br>cytes
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align:left;"|
+|-
-*Nutritional deficiency
+! colspan="2" |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic syndromes]]<br>([[MDS]])<ref name="pmid24300826">{{cite journal |vauthors=Germing U, Kobbe G, Haas R, Gattermann N |title=Myelodysplastic syndromes: diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment |journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int |volume=110 |issue=46 |pages=783–90 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24300826 |pmc=3855821 |doi=10.3238/arztebl.2013.0783 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26769228">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gangat N, Patnaik MM, Tefferi A |title=Myelodysplastic syndromes: Contemporary review and how we treat |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=76–89 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26769228 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24253 |url=}}</ref>
-:*[[Vitamin B12|Vitamin B12 defeciency]]
+|
-:*[[Folic acid detailed information|Folate defeciency]]
+* Constitutional
-*Infections
+* [[Anemia]] related
-|}
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Infection]]
+|
+* [[Pallor]]
+* [[Petechiae]]
+* [[Organomegaly]]
+|[[Leukopenia|↓]]
+|Variable
+| -
+|↓
+|↓
+|↓
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* Hypercellular/ normocellular [[bone marrow]] with [[Dysplastic change|dysplastic]] changes
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
+* Macro-ovalocytes
+* Basophilic stippling
+* [[Howell-Jolly body|Howell-Jolly body]]
+|
+* [[Leukemia]] transformation
+* Acquired pseudo-Pelger-Huët anomaly
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Chronic myeloid leukemia]]<br>([[CML]])<ref name="pmid9012696">{{cite journal |vauthors=Savage DG, Szydlo RM, Goldman JM |title=Clinical features at diagnosis in 430 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia seen at a referral centre over a 16-year period |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=111–6 |date=January 1997 |pmid=9012696 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26434969">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson PA, Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE |title=Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2015 |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=90 |issue=10 |pages=1440–54 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26434969 |pmc=5656269 |doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.010 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Asymptomatic
+* Constitutional
+* [[Hyperviscosity]]  and/or [[anemia]] related
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Infection]]
+|
+* [[Splenomegaly]]<br>(46–76%)
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Anemia]] related
+* [[Priapism]]
+|↑
+|<2%
+| +
+|↑
+|↑
+|↑
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|NL
+|
+* Hypercellurarity with ↑ [[granuloscytosis]] and ↓ [[erythrocytosis]]
+* [[Fibrosis]]
+|
+* [[FISH]] for t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)
+* [[Reverse transcriptase]] quantitative [[PCR]] (RQ-PCR) for BCR-ABL
+|
+* [[Granulocytic]] [[dysplasia]] is minimal/absent
+* May present with [[blast]] crisis
+* Absolute [[leukocytosis]]  (median of 100,000/µL)
+* Classic [[myelocyte]] bulge
+* [[thrombocytopenia]] indicates advanced stage
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Polycythemia vera]]<br>([[PV]])<ref name="pmid29194068">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Tefferi A |title=Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: algorithmic approach |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=112–119 |date=March 2018 |pmid=29194068 |doi=10.1097/MOH.0000000000000402 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30252337">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pillai AA, Babiker HM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30252337 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30281843">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tefferi A, Barbui T |title=Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2019 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=94 |issue=1 |pages=133–143 |date=January 2019 |pmid=30281843 |doi=10.1002/ajh.25303 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28028026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rumi E, Cazzola M |title=Diagnosis, risk stratification, and response evaluation in classical myeloproliferative neoplasms |journal=Blood |volume=129 |issue=6 |pages=680–692 |date=February 2017 |pmid=28028026 |pmc=5335805 |doi=10.1182/blood-2016-10-695957 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+*  [[Thromboembolism]]<br>and [[bleeding]]
+* [[Pruritus]] after<br>a warm bath
+* [[PUD]] related
+|
+* Facial ruddiness
+* Related to underlying cause
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+* [[Renal]] [[bruit]]
+|NL or ↑
+|None
+| -
+|↑ or ↓
+|NL or ↑
+|NL
+|↑↑
+|NL
+|
+* Hypercellularity for age with tri-lineage growth
-*It includes the differentiating from the causes of thrombocytopenia and macrocytic anemia when it requires following differentials:
+* [[Myelofibrosis]] (in up to 20% of patients)
-''Macrocytic anemia''
+|
-{|
+* [[Radioisotope]] studies
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+* [[Serum]] [[EPO]] levels
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+* [[LFTs]]
-! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
+* [[RFTs]]
-! colspan="12" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
+* [[Imaging]] studies
+* ↓ Serum [[ferritin]]
+* ↓ [[Folate]] levels
+* ↑↑ [[B12]] levels
+|
+* May transform into [[myelofibrosis]] or [[leukemia]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Primary myelofibrosis]] ([[PMF]])<ref name="pmid26891375">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cervantes F, Correa JG, Hernandez-Boluda JC |title=Alleviating anemia and thrombocytopenia in myelofibrosis patients |journal=Expert Rev Hematol |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=489–96 |date=May 2016 |pmid=26891375 |doi=10.1586/17474086.2016.1154452 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Hoffman | first = Ronald | title = Hematology : basic principles and practice | publisher = Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2018 | isbn = 9780323357623 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16919893">{{cite journal |vauthors=Michiels JJ, Bernema Z, Van Bockstaele D, De Raeve H, Schroyens W |title=Current diagnostic criteria for the chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF) |journal=Pathol. Biol. |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=92–104 |date=March 2007 |pmid=16919893 |doi=10.1016/j.patbio.2006.06.002 |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Hoffman | first = Ronald | title = Hematology : basic principles and practice | publisher = Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2018 | isbn = 9780323357623 }}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+* [[Anemia]] related
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Infection]]
+* [[Abdominal]] [[Pain]]
+|
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+* [[Petechiae]] & [[ecchymoses]]
+* Abdominal distension
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+|↓
+|[[Erythroblasts]]
+| -
+|Absent
+|NL
+|NL
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* Variable with [[fibrosis]] or hypercellularity
+|
+* JAK2 mutation
+* [[CALR]] [[mutation]]
+* [[MPL]] [[mutation]]
+* [[mutation|↑]] [[LAP]]
+* [[mutation|↑]] [[LAD]]
+* [[mutation|↑]] [[Uric acid]]
+* [[mutation|↑]] [[B12]] levels
+|
+* [[Bone marrow]] aspiration shows a dry tap
+* Variable with [[leukocytosis]] or [[leukopenia]]
 |-
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Symptoms
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Sign
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Blasts
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Left<br>shift
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Baso-<br>phils
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Eosino-<br>phils
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Mono-<br>cytes
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Hb
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Plt
-! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Iron studies
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Bone marrow biopsy
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other investigations
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other features
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Essential thrombocythemia]] ([[ET]])<ref name="pmidhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-083501">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-083501 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10  }} </ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Daniel A. Arber]], [[Attilio Orazi]], [[Robert Hasserjian]], [[Jurgen Thiele]], [[Michael J. Borowitz]], [[Michelle M. Le Beau]], [[Clara D. Bloomfield]], [[Mario Cazzola]] & [[James W. Vardiman]]
+ | title = The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia
+ | journal = [[Blood]]
+ | volume = 127
+ | issue = 20
+ | pages = 2391–2405
+ | year = 2016
+ | month = May
+ | doi = 10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544
+ | pmid = 27069254
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[A. Tefferi]], [[R. Fonseca]], [[D. L. Pereira]] & [[H. C. Hoagland]]
+ | title = A long-term retrospective study of young women with essential thrombocythemia
+ | journal = [[Mayo Clinic proceedings]]
+ | volume = 76
+ | issue = 1
+ | pages = 22–28
+ | year = 2001
+ | month = January
+ | doi = 10.4065/76.1.22
+ | pmid = 11155408
+}}</ref>
+|
+* Headache
+* [[Dizziness]]
+* [[Visual]] disturbances
+* [[Priapism]]
+* Acute [[chest pain]]
+|
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+* [[Skin]] [[bruises]]
+|
+NL or ↑
+|
+None
+| -
+|
+↓ or absent
+|
+NL
+|
+NL
+|
+[[Anemia|↓]]
+|
+↑↑
+|
+* Normal/Hypercellular
+|
+* [[JAK2]] [[mutation]]
+* [[CALR]] [[mutation]]
+* [[MPL]] [[mutation]]
+|
+* [[Thrombosis]]
+* [[Hemorrhage]]
+* [[Pregnancy]] loss
+|-
+! rowspan="4" |[[Myelodysplastic]]<br>/[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|myeloproliferative<br>neoplasms]] (MDS/MPN)
+![[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]] (CMML)<ref name="pmid27185207">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patnaik MM, Tefferi A |title=Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=91 |issue=6 |pages=631–42 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27185207 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24396 |url=}}</ref>
+: <ref name="pmid22615103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parikh SA, Tefferi A |title=Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=610–9 |date=June 2012 |pmid=22615103 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23203 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25869097">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benton CB, Nazha A, Pemmaraju N, Garcia-Manero G |title=Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Forefront of the field in 2015 |journal=Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=222–42 |date=August 2015 |pmid=25869097 |pmc=4859155 |doi=10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.03.002 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+* [[Anemia]] related
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Infections]]
+* [[Bone]] [[pain]]
+* [[Leukemia Cutis]]
+|
+* [[Organomegaly]]
+* [[Bruising]]
+|↑
+| < 20%
+|
+|NL
+|[[Eosinophilia|↑]]
+|↑↑
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* [[Myelodysplastic]] and [[myeloproliferative]] feature
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+|
+* Overlapping of both, [[MDS]] and [[MPN]]
+* Absolute [[monocytosis]] > 1 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (defining feature)
+* MD-CMML:[[WBC]] ≤ 13 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (FAB)
+*  MP-CMML:[[WBC]] > 13 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L (FAB)
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+![[Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia]] (aCML), [[BCR/ABL|BCR-ABL]]1-<ref name="pmid26637732">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dao KH, Tyner JW |title=What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia? |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume=2015 |issue= |pages=264–71 |date=2015 |pmid=26637732 |pmc=5266507 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22289493">{{cite journal |vauthors=Muramatsu H, Makishima H, Maciejewski JP |title=Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia: novel pathogenetic lesions |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=67–73 |date=February 2012 |pmid=22289493 |pmc=3523950 |doi=10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.11.004 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+|
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin or TIBC
+*Asymptomatic
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+* Constitutional
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Transferrin saturation
+* [[Hyperviscosity|Hyperviscosity]]  and/or [[anemia]] related
+* [[Bleeding|Bleeding]]
+* [[Infection|Infection]]
+|
+* [[Splenomegaly]]  (46–76%)
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Anemia]] related
+* [[Priapism]]
+|↑
+|<20%
+| +
+|<2% of WBCs
+|N/A
+|N/A
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* Granulocytic [[hyperplasia]] with prominent [[dysplasia]]
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
+|
+* Granulocytic [[dysplasia]] is prominent
+* Absence of ''[[BCR/ABL|BCR-ABL]]'' or ''PDGFRA'', [[PDGFRB|''PDGFRB'',]] or ''[[FGFR1]]'' rearrangements
+* [[WBC]] > 13 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folate deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25663227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G |title=Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy |journal=Neurology |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=1026–33 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25663227 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343 |url=}}</ref>
+![[Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (patient information)|Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (]]JMML)<ref name="pmid9226148">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aricò M, Biondi A, Pui CH |title=Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia |journal=Blood |volume=90 |issue=2 |pages=479–88 |date=July 1997 |pmid=9226148 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid80255132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hasle H |title=Myelodysplastic syndromes in childhood--classification, epidemiology, and treatment |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=13 |issue=1-2 |pages=11–26 |date=March 1994 |pmid=8025513 |doi=10.3109/10428199409051647 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* Impaired [[DNA]] synthesis
+* [[Infections]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Anemia]] related
-* [[Long-term effects of alcohol|Alcohol consumption]]
+|
-* History of using drugs like [[methotrexate]], [[trimethoprim]], and [[phenytoin]]
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* Older people
+* [[Rash]]
-* [[Pregnancy|Pregnant]] and [[lactating]] women
+|[[Leukocytosis|↑]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|↑
-* No neurological symptoms vs [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
+|N/A
-* [[Odinophagia|Odynophagia]]
+|N/A
-* [[Stomatitis|Angular stomatitis]]
+|N/A
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|[[Monocytosis|↑]]
-* [[Glossitis]]
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
-* Signs of [[Congestive heart failure|heart failure]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
-* [[Anencephaly]] and [[spina bifida]]
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* Hypercelluar with  ↑ [[myeloid cells]] in stages of maturation
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Flow cytometry|↓]] [[Serum]] [[Iron]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+* [[Flow cytometry|↑]] [[Vitamin B12|B12]] levels
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+* Polyclonal [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Macrocytosis|RBC macrocytosis]]
-* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
-* [[Pancytopenia]] in severe cases
-*
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25189324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S |title=Vitamin B12 deficiency |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5226 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25189324 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+![[MDS]]/[[MPN]] with ring sideroblasts and [[thrombocytosis]] (MDS/MPN-RS-T)<ref name="pmid28188970">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patnaik MM, Tefferi A |title=Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) and RARS with thrombocytosis (RARS-T): 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=297–310 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28188970 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24637 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30186759">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alshaban A, Padilla O, Philipovskiy A, Corral J, McAlice M, Gaur S |title=Lenalidomide induced durable remission in a patient with MDS/MPN-with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis with associated 5q- syndrome |journal=Leuk Res Rep |volume=10 |issue= |pages=37–40 |date=2018 |pmid=30186759 |doi=10.1016/j.lrr.2018.08.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30524760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bouchla A, Papageorgiou SG, Tsakiraki Z, Glezou E, Pavlidis G, Stavroulaki G, Bazani E, Foukas P, Pappa V |title=Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an Immunocompetent Patient with MDS/MPN with Ring Sideroblasts and Thrombocytosis-A Case Report |journal=Case Rep Hematol |volume=2018 |issue= |pages=2525070 |date=2018 |pmid=30524760 |pmc=6247723 |doi=10.1155/2018/2525070 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* Impaired [[DNA synthesis]]
+* Constitutional
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Anemia]] related
-* [[Pernicious anemia]]
+* [[Thrombosis]]
-* [[Crohn's disease]]
-* [[Gastrectomy]]
+|
-* [[Vegan|Veganism]]
+* Variable
-* [[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]] infection
+|NL or ↑
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|NL
-* [[Psychosis]]
+| -
-* [[Insomnia]]
+|NL
-* [[Depression]]
+|N/A
-* Cognitive slowing
+|N/A
-* [[Restless leg syndrome]]
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|[[Thrombocytosis|↑]]
-* Neurological deficit
+|
-* [[Myelopathy]]
+* Hypercellularity with [[dyserythropoiesis]] and increased [[megakaryocytes]]
-* [[Memory loss]] with reduced attention span
+|
-* [[Nystagmus]]
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
-* Positive [[Romberg test|romberg sign]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
-* Positive [[Lhermitte's sign]]
+* ↑ [[Serum]] [[Iron]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* Large atypical [[megakaryocytes]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+* Ringed [[sideroblasts]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[SF3B1]] [[mutation]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+|-
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Symptoms
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Sign
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBC
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Blasts
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Left<br>shift
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Baso-<br>phils
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Eosino-<br>phils
-* [[Senile]] [[neutrophil]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Mono-<br>cytes
-* [[Anisocytosis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Hb
-* [[Ovalocytosis|Ovalocytes]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Plt
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Bone marrow biopsy
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other investigations
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other features
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Chronic neutrophilic leukemia]] ([[CNL]])<ref name="pmid29440636">{{cite journal |vauthors=Szuber N, Tefferi A |title=Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: new science and new diagnostic criteria |journal=Blood Cancer J |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=19 |date=February 2018 |pmid=29440636 |pmc=5811432 |doi=10.1038/s41408-018-0049-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28028025">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maxson JE, Tyner JW |title=Genomics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia |journal=Blood |volume=129 |issue=6 |pages=715–722 |date=February 2017 |pmid=28028025 |pmc=5301820 |doi=10.1182/blood-2016-10-695981 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26366092">{{cite journal |vauthors=Menezes J, Cigudosa JC |title=Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a clinical perspective |journal=Onco Targets Ther |volume=8 |issue= |pages=2383–90 |date=2015 |pmid=26366092 |pmc=4562747 |doi=10.2147/OTT.S49688 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Asymptomatic
+* Constitutional symptoms
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Infection]]
+|
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+* [[Heptomegaly]]
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Anemia]] related
+|↑
+|Minimal
+| +
+|NL
+|NL
+|NL
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* Uniforme and intense hypercellularity with minimal to none [[fibrosis]]
+* [[Neutrophil]] toxic granulations and [[Dohle bodies]]
+|
+* [[FISH]]
+* Imaging for [[hepatosplenomegaly]]
+* ↑  [[LDH]]
+* ↑ [[B12]] levels
+|
+* Associationed with [[polycythemia vera]] and [[plasma cell disorders]]
+* [[Leukocytosis]] with<br>[[chronic]] [[neutrophilia]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Chronic eosinophilic leukemia]],<br>not otherwise specified<br>(NOS)<ref name="pmid27512192">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vidyadharan S, Joseph B, Nair SP |title=Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Presenting Predominantly with Cutaneous Manifestations |journal=Indian J Dermatol |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=437–9 |date=2016 |pmid=27512192 |pmc=4966405 |doi=10.4103/0019-5154.185716 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29892549">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hofmans M, Delie A, Vandepoele K, Van Roy N, Van der Meulen J, Philippé J, Moors I |title=A case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia with secondary transformation to acute myeloid leukemia |journal=Leuk Res Rep |volume=9 |issue= |pages=45–47 |date=2018 |pmid=29892549 |pmc=5993353 |doi=10.1016/j.lrr.2018.04.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23662039">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamada Y, Rothenberg ME, Cancelas JA |title=Current concepts on the pathogenesis of the hypereosinophilic syndrome/chronic eosinophilic leukemia |journal=Transl Oncogenomics |volume=1 |issue= |pages=53–63 |date=2006 |pmid=23662039 |pmc=3642145 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27722133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim TH, Gu HJ, Lee WI, Lee J, Yoon HJ, Park TS |title=Chronic eosinophilic leukemia with FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement |journal=Blood Res |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=204–206 |date=September 2016 |pmid=27722133 |doi=10.5045/br.2016.51.3.204 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+* [[Rash]]
+* [[Rhinitis]]
+* [[Gastritis]]
+* [[Thromboembolism]]<br>related
+|
+* [[Hypertension]]
+* [[Eczema]], [[mucosal]] [[ulcers]], [[erythema]]
+* [[Angioedema]]
+* [[Ataxia]]
+* [[Anemia]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+|[[Leukocytosis|↑]]
+|Present
+| +
+|↑
+|↑↑
+|↑
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* Hypercelluar with  ↑ [[eosinophilic]] precursors, ↑ [[eosinophils]], and atypical [[mononuclear cells]]
+|
+* [[FISH]]
+* Cytogenetic analysis of purified [[eosinophils]] and [[X-chromosome]] inactivation analysis
+* ↑ [[B12]] levels
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+|
+* [[Heart failure]] [[Lung fibrosis]]
+* [[Encephalopathy]]
+* [[Erythema annulare centrifugam]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|MPN]],<br>unclassifiable
+|
+*Similar to other<br>[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|myeloproliferative neoplasms]]
+|
+*Similar to other<br>[[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|myeloproliferative neoplasms]]
+|[[Leukocytosis|↑]]
+|Variable
+|±
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↓
+|↑
+|
+* ↑ [[megakaryocyte]] proliferation with variable hypercellularity in [[granulocytic]] or [[erythrocytic]] cell lines
+|
+* May resemble other<br>[[myeloproliferative neoplasms]]
+|
+*Similar to other [[myeloprolifeartive neoplasms]] but do not fulfil the criteria to be classified to a specific type
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Mastocytosis]]<ref name="pmid24262698">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carter MC, Metcalfe DD, Komarow HD |title=Mastocytosis |journal=Immunol Allergy Clin North Am |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=181–96 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24262698 |pmc=3863935 |doi=10.1016/j.iac.2013.09.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29494109">{{cite journal |vauthors=Macri A, Cook C |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=29494109 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25031064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lladó AC, Mihon CE, Silva M, Galzerano A |title=Systemic mastocytosis - a diagnostic challenge |journal=Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=226–9 |date=2014 |pmid=25031064 |pmc=4109736 |doi=10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.03.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28031180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valent P, Akin C, Metcalfe DD |title=Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts |journal=Blood |volume=129 |issue=11 |pages=1420–1427 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28031180 |pmc=5356454 |doi=10.1182/blood-2016-09-731893 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+* [[Pruritus]] & [[Flushing]]
+* [[Urticaria]] & [[Blisters]]
+* [[Hypotension]] & [[PUD]]
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Bronchoconstriction]]
+|
+* [[Mastocytosis exanthema]]
+* [[Blistering]]
+* [[Swelling]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Fibrosis]]
+|[[Leukocytosis|↑]]
+|None
+| -
+|NL
+|[[Eosinophilia|↑]]
+|NL
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
+|↓ or ↑
+|
+* Multifocal dense infiltrates of [[mast cells]] with atypical [[morphology]] in >25 %
+|
+* Cytogenetic analysis for [[c-KIT]] [[receptor]] [[mutations]]
+* [[Serum]] [[tryptase]] levels
+* 24-hour urine test for N-methyl [[histamine]] and 11-beta-[[prostaglandine]]
+* ↑ [[Alkaline phosphatase]]
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+|
+* Skin most commonly involved
+* Susceptibility to [[anaphylaxix]]
+* [[Osteoporosis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" |[[Myeloid]]/[[lymphoid]] [[neoplasms]]<br>with [[eosinophilia]] and rearrangement<br>of [[PDGFR|PDGFRA]], [[PDGFRB]], or [[FGFR1]],<br>or with [[PCM1]]-[[JAK2]]<ref name="KumarChen2015">{{cite journal|last1=Kumar|first1=Kirthi R.|last2=Chen|first2=Weina|last3=Koduru|first3=Prasad R.|last4=Luu|first4=Hung S.|title=Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasm With Abnormalities of FGFR1 Presenting With Trilineage Blasts and RUNX1 Rearrangement|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=143|issue=5|year=2015|pages=738–748|issn=1943-7722|doi=10.1309/AJCPUD6W1JLQQMNA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Paolo Strati]], [[Guilin Tang]], [[Dzifa Y. Duose]], [[Saradhi Mallampati]], [[Rajyalakshmi Luthra]], [[Keyur P. Patel]], [[Mohammad Hussaini]], [[Abu-Sayeef Mirza]], [[Rami S. Komrokji]], [[Stephen Oh]], [[John Mascarenhas]], [[Vesna Najfeld]], [[Vivek Subbiah]], [[Hagop Kantarjian]], [[Guillermo Garcia-Manero]], [[Srdan Verstovsek]] & [[Naval Daver]]
+ | title = Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangement
+ | journal = [[Leukemia & lymphoma]]
+ | volume = 59
+ | issue = 7
+ | pages = 1672–1676
+ | year = 2018
+ | month = July
+ | doi = 10.1080/10428194.2017.1397663
+ | pmid = 29119847
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Ximena Montenegro-Garreaud]], [[Roberto N. Miranda]], [[Alexandra Reynolds]], [[Guilin Tang]], [[Sa A. Wang]], [[Mariko Yabe]], [[Wei Wang]], [[Lianghua Fang]], [[Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos]], [[Pei Lin]], [[L. Jeffrey Medeiros]] & [[Xinyan Lu]]
+ | title = Myeloproliferative neoplasms with t(8;22)(p11.2;q11.2)/BCR-FGFR1: a meta-analysis of 20 cases shows cytogenetic progression with B-lymphoid blast phase
+ | journal = [[Human pathology]]
+ | volume = 65
+ | pages = 147–156
+ | year = 2017
+ | month = July
+ | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.05.008
+ | pmid = 28551329
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Paola Villafuerte-Gutierrez]], [[Montserrat Lopez Rubio]], [[Pilar Herrera]] & [[Eva Arranz]]
+ | title = A Case of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm with BCR-FGFR1 Rearrangement: Favorable Outcome after Haploidentical Allogeneic Transplantation
+ | journal = [[Case reports in hematology]]
+ | volume = 2018
+ | pages = 5724960
+ | year = 2018
+ | month =
+ | doi = 10.1155/2018/5724960
+ | pmid = 30647980
+}}</ref>
+|
+* Asymptomatic
+* Constitutional
+* [[Rash]]
+* [[Cough]] & breathlessness
+* [[Peripheral neuropathy]]/<br>[[encephalopathy]]
+|
+* [[Fever]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+| ↑
+| NL
+| -
+| NL
+| [[Eosinophilia|↑]]
+|[[Monocytosis|↑]]
+| NL
+| [[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* [[Myeloid]] expansion with [[eosinophilia]]
+|
+* [[FISH]] shows t(8;13) and t(8;22)
+|
+* May present or evolve into [[acute myeloid]] or [[lymphoblastic leukemia]]
+* [[Leukocytosis]] (30 - 59 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Symptoms
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Sign
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Blasts
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Left<br>shift
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Baso-<br>phils
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Eosino-<br>phils
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Mono-<br>cytes
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Hb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Plt
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Bone marrow biopsy
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other investigations
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other features
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Orotic aciduria]]<ref name="pmid25757096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G |title=Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia |journal=Neuropediatrics |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=123–5 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25757096 |doi=10.1055/s-0035-1547341 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" |B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma<ref name="pmid30107017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Garciarena P, Amin HM, Tremont-Lukats IW, de Groot JF |title=B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma presenting as seventh cranial nerve palsy |journal=Neurol Clin Pract |volume=3 |issue=6 |pages=532–534 |date=December 2013 |pmid=30107017 |pmc=6082360 |doi=10.1212/CPJ.0b013e3182a78ef0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29029550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang X, Rastogi P, Shah B, Zhang L |title=B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: new insights into genetics, molecular aberrations, subclassification and targeted therapy |journal=Oncotarget |volume=8 |issue=39 |pages=66728–66741 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29029550 |pmc=5630450 |doi=10.18632/oncotarget.19271 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* Constitutional
-* Deficiency of enzyme [[Uridine monophosphate synthetase|UMPS]]
+* [[Anemia]] related
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Bleeding]]
-* Episodic [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]
+* [[Infection]]
-* [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
+* [[Bone pain]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* [[Coma]]
+* [[Pallor]]
-* [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] manifestation
+* [[Petechiae]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Organomegaly]]
-* Neurological manifestation
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+|NL or ↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+|>25%
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+|N/A
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* Hypercellular with [[blast]] infilterationwith or without [[myelodysplasia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
+* [[FISH]]
+* [[Auer rod|Auer bodies]]
+|
+* May present as [[Extramedullary myeloid tumor|extramedullary]] disease ([[Extramedullary Myeloid Cell Tumor|Myeloid sarcoma]])
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fanconi anemia]]<ref name="pmid25455269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alter BP |title=Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Haematol |volume=27 |issue=3-4 |pages=214–21 |date=2014 |pmid=25455269 |pmc=4254647 |doi=10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" |[[Acute myeloid leukemia]] ([[AML]])<br>and related [[neoplasms]]<ref name="pmid3864727">{{cite journal |vauthors=Islam A, Catovsky D, Goldman JM, Galton DA |title=Bone marrow biopsy changes in acute myeloid leukaemia. I: Observations before chemotherapy |journal=Histopathology |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=939–57 |date=September 1985 |pmid=3864727 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17587881">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orazi A |title=Histopathology in the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative diseases |journal=Pathobiology |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=97–114 |date=2007 |pmid=17587881 |doi=10.1159/000101709 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* Constitutional
-* [[X-linked recessive]]
+* [[Anemia]] related
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Bleeding|Bleeding]]
-* History of [[anemia]] at age 16
+* [[Bone pain|Bone pain]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Joint pain|Joint pain]]
-* [[Hypopigmentation]]
+* [[Infections|Infections]]
-* [[Café au lait spot|Cafe-au-lait patches]]
+|
-* Radial ray anomaly
+* [[Infection]] related
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Significant for bilateral short thumbs
+* [[Pallor|Pallor]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* [[Chloroma|Leukemia cutis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* [[Bruising]] & [[Petechia|petechiae]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Hepatomegaly|Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+|NL or ↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|N/A
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|[[Anemia|↓]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|[[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|
-* Nl appearing [[White blood cells|WBC]], [[Red blood cell|RBC]] and [[Platelet|Platelets]]
+* Increased  immature[[myeloid]] [[cells]]
-* But the number is greatly reduced
+with [[Dysplastic change|dysplasia]]
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
+* [[FISH]]
+* ↑ [[Potassium]]
+* ↑ [[Uric acid]]
+* ↑ [[Phosphorus]]
+* ↓ [[Calcium]]
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+|
+* Common in [[Down syndrome]]
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! colspan="2" |[[Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm|Blastic plasmacytoid<br>dendritic cell neoplasm]]<ref>{{Cite journal
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+ | author = [[F. Julia]], [[T. Petrella]], [[M. Beylot-Barry]], [[M. Bagot]], [[D. Lipsker]], [[L. Machet]], [[P. Joly]], [[O. Dereure]], [[M. Wetterwald]], [[M. d'Incan]], [[F. Grange]], [[J. Cornillon]], [[G. Tertian]], [[E. Maubec]], [[P. Saiag]], [[S. Barete]], [[I. Templier]], [[F. Aubin]] & [[S. Dalle]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+ | title = Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: clinical features in 90 patients
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+ | journal = [[The British journal of dermatology]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+ | volume = 169
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+ | issue = 3
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
+ | pages = 579–586
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+ | year = 2013
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+ | month = September
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+ | doi = 10.1111/bjd.12412
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+ | pmid = 23646868
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+ | author = [[Livio Pagano]], [[Caterina Giovanna Valentini]], [[Alessandro Pulsoni]], [[Simona Fisogni]], [[Paola Carluccio]], [[Francesco Mannelli]], [[Monia Lunghi]], [[Gianmatteo Pica]], [[Francesco Onida]], [[Chiara Cattaneo]], [[Pier Paolo Piccaluga]], [[Eros Di Bona]], [[Elisabetta Todisco]], [[Pellegrino Musto]], [[Antonio Spadea]], [[Alfonso D'Arco]], [[Stefano Pileri]], [[Giuseppe Leone]], [[Sergio Amadori]] & [[Fabio Facchetti]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+ | title = Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with leukemic presentation: an Italian multicenter study
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+ | journal = [[Haematologica]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+ | volume = 98
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+ | issue = 2
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+ | pages = 239–246
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+ | year = 2013
+ | month = February
+ | doi = 10.3324/haematol.2012.072645
+ | pmid = 23065521
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Joseph D. Khoury]]
+ | title = Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
+ | journal = [[Current hematologic malignancy reports]]
+ | volume = 13
+ | issue = 6
+ | pages = 477–483
+ | year = 2018
+ | month = December
+ | doi = 10.1007/s11899-018-0489-z
+ | pmid = 30350260
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+ | author = [[Shinichiro Sukegawa]], [[Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto]], [[Ryota Matsuoka]], [[Haruka Momose]], [[Yusuke Kiyoki]], [[Masayuki Noguchi]], [[Naoya Nakamura]], [[Rei Watanabe]], [[Manabu Fujimoto]], [[Yasuhisa Yokoyama]], [[Hidekazu Nishikii]], [[Takayasu Kato]], [[Manabu Kusakabe]], [[Naoki Kurita]], [[Naoshi Obara]], [[Yuichi Hasegawa]] & [[Shigeru Chiba]]
+ | title = &#91;Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm accompanied by chronic myelomonocytic leukemia successfully treated with azacitidine&#93;
+ | journal = <nowiki>[[[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology]]</nowiki>
+ | volume = 59
+ | issue = 12
+ | pages = 2567–2573
+ | year = 2018
+ | month =
+ | doi = 10.11406/rinketsu.59.2567
+ | pmid = 30626790
+}}</ref>
+|
+* [[Cutaneous]] symptoms (brown/purple nodular lesions) on [[face]], [[scalp]], [[lower limb]] & [[trunk]]
+|
+* Brown/violaceous [[bruise]] like lesions
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| NL
+| ↑
+|
+|NL
+| NL
+| NL
+| [[Anemia|↓]]
+| [[Thrombocytopenia|↓]]
+|
+* [[Malignant|Malignant cells]]
+|
+* [[Immunohistochemistry]] or [[flow cytometry]] for [[CD4]] & [[CD56]]
+* [[Neutropenia]]
+|
+* TdT expression positive
+* May develop [[chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]] (CMML)
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Disease
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Symptoms
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Sign
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Blasts
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Left<br>shift
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Baso-<br>phils
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Eosino-<br>phils
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Mono-<br>cytes
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Hb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Plt
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Bone marrow biopsy
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other investigations
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Other features
+|-
+! rowspan="3" |T-lymphoblastic leukemia/<br>lymphoma
+*
+*
+!T-lymphoblastic leukemia/<br>lymphoma<ref name="pmid26276771">{{cite journal |vauthors=You MJ, Medeiros LJ, Hsi ED |title=T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=144 |issue=3 |pages=411–22 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26276771 |doi=10.1309/AJCPMF03LVSBLHPJ |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19284608">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patel KJ, Latif SU, de Calaca WM |title=An unusual presentation of precursor T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with cholestatic jaundice: case report |journal=J Hematol Oncol |volume=2 |issue= |pages=12 |date=March 2009 |pmid=19284608 |pmc=2663564 |doi=10.1186/1756-8722-2-12 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24822133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elreda L, Sandhu M, Sun X, Bekele W, Cohen AJ, Shah M |title=T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: relapse 16 years after first remission |journal=Case Rep Hematol |volume=2014 |issue= |pages=359158 |date=2014 |pmid=24822133 |pmc=4005062 |doi=10.1155/2014/359158 |url=}}</ref>
+|
+* Constitutional
+* [[Anemia]] Related
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
+|
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Mediastinal mass]]
+*  [[Pleural effusions]]
+* [[Trachea|Tracheal]] obstruction
+* [[Pericardial effusions]]
+|↑
+|>25% [[Blast|blasts]] ([[Leukemia]])
+<25% [[Blast|blasts]] ([[Lymphoma]])
+|±
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↓
+|↓
+|
+* Hypercelluarity with increased [[T cells]] precursors
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]][[Flow cytometry]]
+* [[FISH]]
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+* Positive for TdT
+|
+* May involve [[brain]], [[skin]], and [[testes]].
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]<ref name="pmid24665981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM |title=Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease |journal=Expert Rev Hematol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=359–72 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24665981 |doi=10.1586/17474086.2014.897923 |url=}}</ref>
+!Provisional entity: Natural killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymph<ref name="pmid28868017">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sedick Q, Alotaibi S, Alshieban S, Naheet KB, Elyamany G |title=Natural Killer Cell Lymphoblastic Leukaemia/Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of the Recent Literature |journal=Case Rep Oncol |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=588–595 |date=2017 |pmid=28868017 |doi=10.1159/000477843 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mutations in:
+|
-* ''RPL5''
+* Constitutional
-* ''RPL11''
+* [[Anemia]] Related
-* ''RPL35A''
+* [[Bleeding]]
-* ''RPS7''
+* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
-* ''RPS10''
+|
-* ''RPS17''
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* ''RPS19''
+* [[Mediastinal mass]]
-* ''RPS24''
+*  [[Pleural effusions]]
-* ''RPS26''
+* [[Trachea|Tracheal]] obstruction
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pericardial effusions]]
-* Associated with [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]
+|↑
-* Increased risk of [[AML]]
+|↑
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|±
-* [[Pale skin]]
+|↑ or ↓
-* Sleepiness
+|↑ or ↓
-* [[Murmur|Heart murmurs]]
+|↑ or ↓
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+|↓
-* Triphalangeal  thumbs
+|↓
-* [[Short stature]]
+|
-* [[Microcephaly]]
+* N/A
-* [[Hypertelorism]]
+|
-* [[Ptosis]]
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
-* [[Micrognathia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* [[FISH]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+* Similar to [[T-cell]] lymphoblastic [[leukemia]] but may have more aggressive clinical course.
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+* [[Diagnosis]] is usually based on presence of [[CD56]] expression, and  [[T-cell]]-associated markers such as [[CD2]] and [[CD7]].
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+*  [[B cell|B-cell]] markers are absent.
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|-
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+!Provisional entity: Early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia<ref name="pmid26747249">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jain N, Lamb AV, O'Brien S, Ravandi F, Konopleva M, Jabbour E, Zuo Z, Jorgensen J, Lin P, Pierce S, Thomas D, Rytting M, Borthakur G, Kadia T, Cortes J, Kantarjian HM, Khoury JD |title=Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ETP-ALL/LBL) in adolescents and adults: a high-risk subtype |journal=Blood |volume=127 |issue=15 |pages=1863–9 |date=April 2016 |pmid=26747249 |pmc=4915808 |doi=10.1182/blood-2015-08-661702 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23695450">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haydu JE, Ferrando AA |title=Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |journal=Curr. Opin. Hematol. |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=369–73 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23695450 |pmc=3886681 |doi=10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283623c61 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+|
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+* Constitutional
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Anemia]] Related
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+* [[Bleeding]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
+* [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
+|
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Mediastinal mass]]
+*  [[Pleural effusions]]
+* [[Trachea|Tracheal]] obstruction
+* [[Pericardial effusions]]
+|↑
+|↑
+|±
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↑ or ↓
+|↓
+|↓
+|
+* Hypercelluarity with increased [[T cells]] precursors
+|
+* [[Cytogenetic analysis]]
+* [[FISH]]
+* [[Flow cytometry]]
+* ↑ [[LDH]]
+|
+* Similar to [[T cell|T-cell]] lymphoblastic [[leukemia]] but is more aggressive clinically and cell are characterized by [[Flow cytometry|cytometry]] as [[CD1a]]<sup>−</sup>, [[CD8]]<sup>−</sup>, [[CD5]]<sup>−</sup> (dim), and positivity for 1 or more stem cell or [[myeloid]] [[antigens]].
+* [[Gene expression]] indicates more immature [[cells]] as compared to other subtypes of [[T cell|T-cell]] [[neoplasms]].
+|}
+===Differentiating myelodysplastic syndrome from other causes of macrocytic anemia===
+{|
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
+! colspan="12" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
+|-
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Iron studies
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepato-biliary diseases|Liver disease]]<ref name="pmid23953338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks PW |title=Hematologic manifestations of liver disease |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=216–21 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23953338 |doi=10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003 |url=}}</ref>
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin or TIBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Transferrin saturation
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folate deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25663227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G |title=Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy |journal=Neurology |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=1026–33 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25663227 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Impaired [[DNA]] synthesis
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hepatitis]]
+* [[Long-term effects of alcohol|Alcohol consumption]]
-* Binge drinking
+* History of using drugs like [[methotrexate]], [[trimethoprim]], and [[phenytoin]]
-* Gall bladder disease
+* Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition
+* Older people
+* [[Pregnancy|Pregnant]] and [[lactating]] women
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Jaundice]]
+* No neurological symptoms vs [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
-* [[Abdominal pain]]
+* [[Odinophagia|Odynophagia]]
-* [[Itchy skin]]
+* [[Stomatitis|Angular stomatitis]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Ascites]]
+* [[Glossitis]]
-* Right upper quadrant pain
+* Signs of [[Congestive heart failure|heart failure]]
-* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+* [[Anencephaly]] and [[spina bifida]]
-* [[Edema|Swelling]] in the legs
-* [[Ankle swelling]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
@@ Line 288: / Line 886: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Macrocyte|Round macrocytes]]
+* [[Macrocytosis|RBC macrocytosis]]
-* [[Macrocyte|Target macrocytes]]
+* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]] in severe cases
+*
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Alcoholism]]<ref name="pmid24588059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K |title=Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1237–46 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24588059 |doi=10.1111/acer.12372 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25189324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S |title=Vitamin B12 deficiency |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5226 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25189324 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* History of increased [[Effects of alcohol on the body|alcohol intake]]
+* Impaired [[DNA synthesis]]
-* [[Folic acid deficiency]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Memory impairment]]
+* [[Pernicious anemia]]
-* [[Nausea]]
+* [[Crohn's disease]]
-* [[Sweating]]
+* [[Gastrectomy]]
+* [[Vegan|Veganism]]
+* [[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]] infection
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Truncal [[obesity]]
+* [[Psychosis]]
-* [[Asterixis]]
+* [[Insomnia]]
-* [[Encephalopathy]]
+* [[Depression]]
-* [[Spider angiomas]]
+* Cognitive slowing
-* [[Hematemesis]]
+* [[Restless leg syndrome]]
-* [[Gynecomastia]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Neurological deficit
+* [[Myelopathy]]
+* [[Memory loss]] with reduced attention span
+* [[Nystagmus]]
+* Positive [[Romberg test|romberg sign]]
+* Positive [[Lhermitte's sign]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
@@ Line 312: / Line 918: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
@@ Line 321: / Line 927: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Macrocyte|Oval macrocytes]]
+* [[Senile]] [[neutrophil]]
-* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
+* [[Anisocytosis]]
+* [[Ovalocytosis|Ovalocytes]]
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Orotic aciduria]]<ref name="pmid25757096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G |title=Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia |journal=Neuropediatrics |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=123–5 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25757096 |doi=10.1055/s-0035-1547341 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+* Deficiency of enzyme [[Uridine monophosphate synthetase|UMPS]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+* Episodic [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
+* [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+* [[Coma]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+* [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] manifestation
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+* Neurological manifestation
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-|}
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-''Thrombocytopenia''
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-{|
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mechanism
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-! colspan="9" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestations
-! colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para−clinical findings
-! colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fanconi anemia]]<ref name="pmid25455269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alter BP |title=Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Haematol |volume=27 |issue=3-4 |pages=214–21 |date=2014 |pmid=25455269 |pmc=4254647 |doi=10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002 |url=}}</ref>
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
-| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+* [[X-linked recessive]]
-|-
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! colspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
+* History of [[anemia]] at age 16
-|-
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+* [[Hypopigmentation]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
+* [[Café au lait spot|Cafe-au-lait patches]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
+* Radial ray anomaly
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
+* Significant for bilateral short thumbs
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Nl appearing [[White blood cells|WBC]], [[Red blood cell|RBC]] and [[Platelet|Platelets]]
+* But the number is greatly reduced
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
 |-
-! rowspan="17" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hematology
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]<ref name="pmid24665981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM |title=Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease |journal=Expert Rev Hematol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=359–72 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24665981 |doi=10.1586/17474086.2014.897923 |url=}}</ref>
-! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Bone marrow disorders
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mutations in:
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic syndromes]]<ref name="NatelsonPyatt2013">{{cite journal|last1=Natelson|first1=Ethan A.|last2=Pyatt|first2=David|title=Acquired Myelodysplasia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Clearing the Fog|journal=Advances in Hematology|volume=2013|year=2013|pages=1–11|issn=1687-9104|doi=10.1155/2013/309637}}</ref>
+* ''RPL5''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* ''RPL11''
-* Unknown
+* ''RPL35A''
-* Mutation
+* ''RPS7''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* ''RPS10''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* ''RPS17''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* ''RPS19''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+* ''RPS24''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* ''RPS26''
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Elderly
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Exposure to
+* Associated with [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]
-* [[Chemotherapy]]
+* Increased risk of [[AML]]
-* [[Radiation therapy]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Tobacco smoking|Tobacco smoke]]
+* [[Pale skin]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* Sleepiness
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]], [[purpura]], diffuse erythematous rash
+* [[Murmur|Heart murmurs]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* Triphalangeal  thumbs
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* [[Short stature]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* [[Microcephaly]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hypertelorism]]
-* [[Shortness of breath]]
+* [[Ptosis]]
-* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Micrognathia]]
-* [[Pallor]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-* Ovalomacrocytosis
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-* Basophilic stippling
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-* [[Howell-Jolly body]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-* Dysplastic [[Neutrophil|neutrophils]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* Impaired [[myeloid]] maturation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-* [[Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia|Dyserythropoiesis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* Dysgranulopoiesis
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-* Hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
-* [[Fibrosis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Bone marrow examination]] + clinical manifestation
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Might transformed to [[acute leukemia]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Aplastic anemia]]<ref name="TownsleyDesmond2013">{{cite journal|last1=Townsley|first1=Danielle M.|last2=Desmond|first2=Ronan|last3=Dunbar|first3=Cynthia E.|last4=Young|first4=Neal S.|title=Pathophysiology and management of thrombocytopenia in bone marrow failure: possible clinical applications of TPO receptor agonists in aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=International Journal of Hematology|volume=98|issue=1|year=2013|pages=48–55|issn=0925-5710|doi=10.1007/s12185-013-1352-6}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepato-biliary diseases|Liver disease]]<ref name="pmid23953338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks PW |title=Hematologic manifestations of liver disease |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=216–21 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23953338 |doi=10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-* Unknown
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* secondary to [[Radiation (medicine)|radiation]], drugs and chemicals, [[pregnancy]], [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|PNH]] and viral or [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] causes
+* [[Hepatitis]]
+* Binge drinking
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* Gall bladder disease
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Jaundice]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+* [[Abdominal pain]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+* [[Itchy skin]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Biphasic (the young and the elderly)
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Ascites]]
-* Exposure to chemicals
+* Right upper quadrant pain
-* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
-* History of prior drug use
+* [[Edema|Swelling]] in the legs
-* [[Viral infections|Viral infection]]
+* [[Ankle swelling]]
-* Positive family history of aplastic anemia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-* [[Shortness of breath]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* [[Fatigue]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* [[Pallor]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Macrocyte|Round macrocytes]]
-* Large [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
+* [[Macrocyte|Target macrocytes]]
-* Low [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[Granulocyte|granulocytes]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Alcoholism]]<ref name="pmid24588059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K |title=Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1237–46 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24588059 |doi=10.1111/acer.12372 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-* Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* replacement of [[bone marrow]] by [[fat]]
+* History of increased [[Effects of alcohol on the body|alcohol intake]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+* [[Folic acid deficiency]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Memory impairment]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Bone marrow examination]] +
+* [[Nausea]]
+* [[Sweating]]
-laboratory findings
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Truncal [[obesity]]
-* [[Fanconi anemia|Fanconi Anemia]]
+* [[Asterixis]]
-* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Encephalopathy]]
-* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome|Schwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+* [[Spider angiomas]]
-* [[Preleukemia]]
+* [[Hematemesis]]
-|-
+* [[Gynecomastia]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Acute leukemia]]<ref name="OshimaYuji2013">{{cite journal|last1=Oshima|first1=Yasuo|last2=Yuji|first2=Koichiro|last3=Tanimoto|first3=Tetsuya|last4=Hinomura|first4=Yasushi|last5=Tojo|first5=Arinobu|title=Association between Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia|journal=Internal Medicine|volume=52|issue=19|year=2013|pages=2193–2201|issn=0918-2918|doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0324}}</ref><ref name="pmid24088751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oshima Y, Yuji K, Tanimoto T, Hinomura Y, Tojo A |title=Association between acute myelogenous leukemia and thrombopoietin receptor agonists in patients with immune thrombocytopenia |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=52 |issue=19 |pages=2193–201 |date=2013 |pmid=24088751 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-* Immune mediated
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
-* [[Chromosome|Chromosomal]] abnormalities
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |AML in adults
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
-* Exposure to chemicals
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
-* Pre-existent blood disorders
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+* [[Macrocyte|Oval macrocytes]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Muscle weakness|Weakness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Blast cells
-*
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bone marrow examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
-* [[Infection]]
-* [[CNS]] involvement
-* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)]]<ref name="pmid25237200">{{cite journal| author=Brodsky RA| title=Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. | journal=Blood | year= 2014 | volume= 124 | issue= 18 | pages= 2804-11 | pmid=25237200 | doi=10.1182/blood-2014-02-522128 | pmc=4215311 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25237200  }}</ref>
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
-* Deficiency of [[complement]] regulatory proteins
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
-* Mutations
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/Extrinsic
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
-(usually younger adults)
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
-* Sudden [[nocturnal]] [[hemoglobinuria]] with partial clearing during the day
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+|}
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+===Differentiating myelodysplastic syndrome from other causes of thrombocytopenia===
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+{|
-* [[Thrombosis]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
-* Smooth muscle [[dystonia]]
+! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
+! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mechanism
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
+! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! colspan="9" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestations
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+! colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para−clinical findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-* Cellular [[Bone marrow|marrow]]
+! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-* [[Erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]]
+|-
-* [[dyserythropoiesis]]
+! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
+! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-* Hypocellular marrow in certain stages of the disease
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+! colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+|-
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! colspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
-* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+|-
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Flow cytometry]]
+! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
-* [[Chronic renal failure]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
-* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
-* [[Aplastic anemia]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
+! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
-! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)
+! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Bone marrow disorders
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] ([[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura|TTP]])<ref name="pmid22986360">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noris M, Mescia F, Remuzzi G |title=STEC-HUS, atypical HUS and TTP are all diseases of complement activation |journal=Nat Rev Nephrol |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=622–33 |date=November 2012 |pmid=22986360 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2012.195 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Myelodysplastic syndrome|Myelodysplastic syndromes]]<ref name="NatelsonPyatt2013">{{cite journal|last1=Natelson|first1=Ethan A.|last2=Pyatt|first2=David|title=Acquired Myelodysplasia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Clearing the Fog|journal=Advances in Hematology|volume=2013|year=2013|pages=1–11|issn=1687-9104|doi=10.1155/2013/309637}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Deficiency of, or antibodies to, the metalloprotease [[ADAMTS13]]
+* Unknown
+* Mutation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Elderly
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Exposure to
-* Neurologic manifestations
+* [[Chemotherapy]]
-* Fatigue due to anemia
+* [[Radiation therapy]]
+* [[Tobacco smoking|Tobacco smoke]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]], [[purpura]], diffuse erythematous rash
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Not common
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Neurologic]] findings
+* [[Shortness of breath]]
-* Signs of renal impairment
+* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Pallor]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Fragmented [[Red blood cell|RBC]]<nowiki/>s
+* Ovalomacrocytosis
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+* Basophilic stippling
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Howell-Jolly body]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* Dysplastic [[Neutrophil|neutrophils]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+* Impaired [[myeloid]] maturation
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
+* [[Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia|Dyserythropoiesis]]
+* Dysgranulopoiesis
+* Dysmegakaryocytopoiesis
+* Hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
+* [[Fibrosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Bone marrow examination]] + clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hemolysis]]
+* Might transformed to [[acute leukemia]]
-* Microvascular [[thrombosis]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])<ref name="pmid26396094">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conway EM |title=HUS and the case for complement |journal=Blood |volume=126 |issue=18 |pages=2085–90 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26396094 |doi=10.1182/blood-2015-03-569277 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Aplastic anemia]]<ref name="TownsleyDesmond2013">{{cite journal|last1=Townsley|first1=Danielle M.|last2=Desmond|first2=Ronan|last3=Dunbar|first3=Cynthia E.|last4=Young|first4=Neal S.|title=Pathophysiology and management of thrombocytopenia in bone marrow failure: possible clinical applications of TPO receptor agonists in aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes|journal=International Journal of Hematology|volume=98|issue=1|year=2013|pages=48–55|issn=0925-5710|doi=10.1007/s12185-013-1352-6}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
+* Unknown
-* Genetic defects
+* secondary to [[Radiation (medicine)|radiation]], drugs and chemicals, [[pregnancy]], [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|PNH]] and viral or [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] causes
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Biphasic (the young and the elderly)
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Exposure to contaminated water or milk
+* Exposure to chemicals
-* Consuming undercooked ground beef
+* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+* History of prior drug use
+* [[Viral infections|Viral infection]]
+* Positive family history of aplastic anemia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
+* [[Shortness of breath]]
-* [[Diarrhea]]
+* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Pallor]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Large [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
+* Low [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[Granulocyte|granulocytes]]
-or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Fragmented [[Red blood cell|RBC]]<nowiki/>s
+* Hypocellular [[bone marrow]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+* replacement of [[bone marrow]] by [[fat]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Bone marrow examination]] +
+laboratory findings
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Acute renal failure [[Hemolysis]]
+* [[Fanconi anemia|Fanconi Anemia]]
-* Microvascular [[thrombosis]]
+* [[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+* [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome|Schwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+* [[Preleukemia]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]<ref name="pmid25503977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwameis M, Schörgenhofer C, Assinger A, Steiner MM, Jilma B |title=VWF excess and ADAMTS13 deficiency: a unifying pathomechanism linking inflammation to thrombosis in DIC, malaria, and TTP |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=708–18 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25503977 |pmc=4745134 |doi=10.1160/TH14-09-0731 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20008204">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitchens CS |title=Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume= |issue= |pages=240–6 |date=2009 |pmid=20008204 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Acute leukemia]]<ref name="OshimaYuji2013">{{cite journal|last1=Oshima|first1=Yasuo|last2=Yuji|first2=Koichiro|last3=Tanimoto|first3=Tetsuya|last4=Hinomura|first4=Yasushi|last5=Tojo|first5=Arinobu|title=Association between Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia|journal=Internal Medicine|volume=52|issue=19|year=2013|pages=2193–2201|issn=0918-2918|doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0324}}</ref><ref name="pmid24088751">{{cite journal |vauthors=Oshima Y, Yuji K, Tanimoto T, Hinomura Y, Tojo A |title=Association between acute myelogenous leukemia and thrombopoietin receptor agonists in patients with immune thrombocytopenia |journal=Intern. Med. |volume=52 |issue=19 |pages=2193–201 |date=2013 |pmid=24088751 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Overstimulation of the coagulation system
+* Immune mediated
+* [[Chromosome|Chromosomal]] abnormalities
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |AML in adults
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* History of [[Physical trauma|trauma]], [[sepsis]], [[Cancer|malignancy]], [[vasculitis]] or [[exogenous]] [[Toxin|toxins]]
+* Exposure to chemicals
+* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+* Pre-existent blood disorders
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Neurologic]] findings
+* [[Muscle weakness|Weakness]]
-* Signs of renal impairment
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Schistocytes]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-* Helmet cells
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Blast cells
-* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
+*
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * [[Hemoglobinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + laboratory findings
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bone marrow examination
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hemolysis]]
+* [[Tumor lysis syndrome]]
-* [[Microvascular disease|Microangiopathy]]
+* [[Infection]]
-* Multi-organ dysfunction
+* [[CNS]] involvement
+* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Nutrient deficiencies
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)]]<ref name="pmid25237200">{{cite journal| author=Brodsky RA| title=Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. | journal=Blood | year= 2014 | volume= 124 | issue= 18 | pages= 2804-11 | pmid=25237200 | doi=10.1182/blood-2014-02-522128 | pmc=4215311 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25237200  }}</ref>
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folic Acid|Folate]], [[vitamin B12]], [[copper]] deficiencies<ref name="ClarkeWeston-Smith2010">{{cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=V.|last2=Weston-Smith|first2=S.|title=Severe folate-deficiency pancytopenia|journal=Case Reports|volume=2010|issue=oct18 2|year=2010|pages=bcr0320102851–bcr0320102851|issn=1757-790X|doi=10.1136/bcr.03.2010.2851}}</ref><ref name="pmid23069991">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blackmer AB, Bailey E |title=Management of copper deficiency in cholestatic infants: review of the literature and a case series |journal=Nutr Clin Pract |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=75–86 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23069991 |doi=10.1177/0884533612461531 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Decreased platelet production
+* Deficiency of [[complement]] regulatory proteins
+* Mutations
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+(usually younger adults)
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Malnutrition
+* Sudden [[nocturnal]] [[hemoglobinuria]] with partial clearing during the day
-* Alcohol use
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
@@ Line 734: / Line 1,326: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Thrombosis]]
-* [[Weakness]]
+* Smooth muscle [[dystonia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Cellular [[Bone marrow|marrow]]
-* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
+* [[Erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[dyserythropoiesis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* Hypocellular marrow in certain stages of the disease
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Megaloblastic anemia]]
+* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Flow cytometry]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Chronic renal failure]]
+* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+* [[Aplastic anemia]]
 |-
 ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
@@ Line 773: / Line 1,369: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
-! rowspan="7" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Congenital platelet disorders<ref name="pmid22726100">{{cite journal| author=Nurden AT, Freson K, Seligsohn U| title=Inherited platelet disorders. | journal=Haemophilia | year= 2012 | volume= 18 Suppl 4 | issue=  | pages= 154-60 | pmid=22726100 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02856.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22726100  }}</ref><ref name="BalduiniSavoia2012">{{cite journal|last1=Balduini|first1=Carlo L.|last2=Savoia|first2=Anna|title=Genetics of familial forms of thrombocytopenia|journal=Human Genetics|volume=131|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1821–1832|issn=0340-6717|doi=10.1007/s00439-012-1215-x}}</ref><ref name="pmid20011639">{{cite journal| author=D'Andrea G, Chetta M, Margaglione M| title=Inherited platelet disorders: thrombocytopenias and thrombocytopathies. | journal=Blood Transfus | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 278-92 | pmid=20011639 | doi=10.2450/2009.0078-08 | pmc=2782805 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20011639  }}</ref>
+! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[MYH9]]-related disorders<ref name="pmid24643058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang S, Zhou X, Liu S, Bai T, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang B |title=MYH9-related disease: description of a large Chinese pedigree and a survey of reported mutations |journal=Acta Haematol. |volume=132 |issue=2 |pages=193–8 |date=2014 |pmid=24643058 |doi=10.1159/000356681 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] ([[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura|TTP]])<ref name="pmid22986360">{{cite journal |vauthors=Noris M, Mescia F, Remuzzi G |title=STEC-HUS, atypical HUS and TTP are all diseases of complement activation |journal=Nat Rev Nephrol |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=622–33 |date=November 2012 |pmid=22986360 |doi=10.1038/nrneph.2012.195 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Cytoskeleton|Cytoskeletal]] defects in [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
+* Deficiency of, or antibodies to, the metalloprotease [[ADAMTS13]]
-* Mutation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age, very rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Positive family history
+* Neurologic manifestations
+* Fatigue due to anemia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Not common
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+* [[Neurologic]] findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* Signs of renal impairment
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Sensorineural hearing loss|Hearing loss]]
-* Renal impairment
-* [[Cataract]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Fragmented [[Red blood cell|RBC]]<nowiki/>s
-* Döhle body-like inclusions in peripheral blood neutrophils
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Dominance relationship|Autosomal dominant]]
+* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hemolysis]]
+* Microvascular [[thrombosis]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]]<ref name="pmid21357716">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berndt MC, Andrews RK |title=Bernard-Soulier syndrome |journal=Haematologica |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=355–9 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21357716 |pmc=3046265 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2010.039883 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])<ref name="pmid26396094">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conway EM |title=HUS and the case for complement |journal=Blood |volume=126 |issue=18 |pages=2085–90 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26396094 |doi=10.1182/blood-2015-03-569277 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Absence of Gp Ib-IX-V
+* [[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
+* Genetic defects
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children, rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Positive family history
+* Exposure to contaminated water or milk
+* Consuming undercooked ground beef
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Petechia|Petechiae]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Diarrhea]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Nl
+or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Fragmented [[Red blood cell|RBC]]<nowiki/>s
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Flow cytometry]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* Acute renal failure [[Hemolysis]]
-* Increased [[bleeding time]]
+* Microvascular [[thrombosis]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Grey platelet syndrome|Gray platelet syndrome]]<ref name="pmid23427340">{{cite journal |vauthors=Michelson AD |title=Gray platelet syndrome |journal=Blood |volume=121 |issue=2 |pages=250 |date=January 2013 |pmid=23427340 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]<ref name="pmid25503977">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwameis M, Schörgenhofer C, Assinger A, Steiner MM, Jilma B |title=VWF excess and ADAMTS13 deficiency: a unifying pathomechanism linking inflammation to thrombosis in DIC, malaria, and TTP |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=708–18 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25503977 |pmc=4745134 |doi=10.1160/TH14-09-0731 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20008204">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitchens CS |title=Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume= |issue= |pages=240–6 |date=2009 |pmid=20008204 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.240 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduction or absence of alpha-granules in [[Blood platelet|blood platelets]]
+* Overstimulation of the coagulation system
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Positive family history
+* History of [[Physical trauma|trauma]], [[sepsis]], [[Cancer|malignancy]], [[vasculitis]] or [[exogenous]] [[Toxin|toxins]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-Mucocutaneous
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Epistaxis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Neurologic]] findings
+* Signs of renal impairment
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Schistocytes]]
+* Helmet cells
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]] and  lack of granulation
+* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Myelofibrosis]]
+* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* Elevated PT/PTT
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + laboratory findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* [[Hemolysis]]
+* [[Microvascular disease|Microangiopathy]]
+* Multi-organ dysfunction
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]<ref name="pmid29086100">{{cite journal |vauthors=Candotti F |title=Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |journal=J. Clin. Immunol. |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=13–27 |date=January 2018 |pmid=29086100 |doi=10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Nutrient deficiencies
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folic Acid|Folate]], [[vitamin B12]], [[copper]] deficiencies<ref name="ClarkeWeston-Smith2010">{{cite journal|last1=Clarke|first1=V.|last2=Weston-Smith|first2=S.|title=Severe folate-deficiency pancytopenia|journal=Case Reports|volume=2010|issue=oct18 2|year=2010|pages=bcr0320102851–bcr0320102851|issn=1757-790X|doi=10.1136/bcr.03.2010.2851}}</ref><ref name="pmid23069991">{{cite journal |vauthors=Blackmer AB, Bailey E |title=Management of copper deficiency in cholestatic infants: review of the literature and a case series |journal=Nutr Clin Pract |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=75–86 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23069991 |doi=10.1177/0884533612461531 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Mutation in [[GATA1|GATA-1]]
+* Decreased platelet production
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Malnutrition
+* Alcohol use
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Positive family history
+* [[Fatigue]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+* [[Weakness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-* [[Eczema]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bloody diarrhea
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Small but low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Small but low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Low [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Low [[Red blood cell|RBCs]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Recurrent [[Infection|infections]]
+* [[Megaloblastic anemia]]
-* [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disorders]]
-* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) syndrome<ref name="pmid27981927">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Qattan MM |title=The Pathogenesis of Radial Ray Deficiency in Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome |journal=J Coll Physicians Surg Pak |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=912–916 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27981927 |doi=2476 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
-* 1q21.1 [[Deletion (genetics)|deletion]] and [[bone marrow]] failure
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
+|-
+! rowspan="7" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Congenital platelet disorders<ref name="pmid22726100">{{cite journal| author=Nurden AT, Freson K, Seligsohn U| title=Inherited platelet disorders. | journal=Haemophilia | year= 2012 | volume= 18 Suppl 4 | issue=  | pages= 154-60 | pmid=22726100 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02856.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22726100  }}</ref><ref name="BalduiniSavoia2012">{{cite journal|last1=Balduini|first1=Carlo L.|last2=Savoia|first2=Anna|title=Genetics of familial forms of thrombocytopenia|journal=Human Genetics|volume=131|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1821–1832|issn=0340-6717|doi=10.1007/s00439-012-1215-x}}</ref><ref name="pmid20011639">{{cite journal| author=D'Andrea G, Chetta M, Margaglione M| title=Inherited platelet disorders: thrombocytopenias and thrombocytopathies. | journal=Blood Transfus | year= 2009 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 278-92 | pmid=20011639 | doi=10.2450/2009.0078-08 | pmc=2782805 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20011639  }}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[MYH9]]-related disorders<ref name="pmid24643058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhang S, Zhou X, Liu S, Bai T, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang X, Wang B |title=MYH9-related disease: description of a large Chinese pedigree and a survey of reported mutations |journal=Acta Haematol. |volume=132 |issue=2 |pages=193–8 |date=2014 |pmid=24643058 |doi=10.1159/000356681 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Positive family history
+* [[Cytoskeleton|Cytoskeletal]] defects in [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
+* Mutation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age, very rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Bilateral [[Radius (bone)|radial]] aplasia
+* Positive family history
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Sensorineural hearing loss|Hearing loss]]
+* Renal impairment
+* [[Cataract]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Normal size [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Normal or hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
+* Döhle body-like inclusions in peripheral blood neutrophils
-* Decreased, absent, or immature [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-* Small, [[basophilic]], vacuolated [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
-* [[Erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Evidence of absent radius
-+
-Laboratory findings
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Cow's milk allergy
+* [[Dominance relationship|Autosomal dominant]]
-* Various other anomalies
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Fechtner syndrome]]<ref name="pmid10577925">{{cite journal |vauthors=Toren A, Amariglio N, Rozenfeld-Granot G, Simon AJ, Brok-Simoni F, Pras E, Rechavi G |title=Genetic linkage of autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome with leukocyte inclusions and macrothrombocytopenia (Fechtner syndrome) to chromosome 22q11-13 |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1711–7 |date=December 1999 |pmid=10577925 |pmc=1288382 |doi=10.1086/302654 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Bernard-Soulier syndrome]]<ref name="pmid21357716">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berndt MC, Andrews RK |title=Bernard-Soulier syndrome |journal=Haematologica |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=355–9 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21357716 |pmc=3046265 |doi=10.3324/haematol.2010.039883 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Mutation of chromosome 22q11-13
+* Absence of Gp Ib-IX-V
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children, rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Positive family history
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]] and
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-[[petechia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + [[Mucocutaneous zone|Mucocutaneous]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Hearing loss
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
-* Eye abnormalities
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
-* Granulocytic inclusions
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Flow cytometry]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria|Microscopic hematuria]]
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
-* [[Pyuria]]
+* Increased [[bleeding time]]
-* [[Hematuria|Red cell]] [[casts]]
-* [[Hematuria|Cylindrical]] [[casts]]
-* [[Proteinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + genetic study
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Dominance relationship|Autosomal dominant]] variant of [[Alport syndrome]]
-* [[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Von Willebrand disease]]<ref name="pmid24337418">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langer F, Obser T, Oyen F, Spath B, Holstein K, Greinacher A, White JG, Budde U, Bokemeyer C, Schneppenheim R |title=Characterisation of the p.A1461D mutation causing von Willebrand disease type 2B with severe thrombocytopenia, circulating giant platelets, and defective α-granule secretion |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=111 |issue=4 |pages=777–9 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24337418 |doi=10.1160/TH13-06-0462 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Grey platelet syndrome|Gray platelet syndrome]]<ref name="pmid23427340">{{cite journal |vauthors=Michelson AD |title=Gray platelet syndrome |journal=Blood |volume=121 |issue=2 |pages=250 |date=January 2013 |pmid=23427340 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Von Willebrand factor|VWF]] deficiency/dysfunction
+* Reduction or absence of alpha-granules in [[Blood platelet|blood platelets]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rarely
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |More common with [[ABO blood group system|O blood type]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Positive family history
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+Mucocutaneous
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl/ ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl/↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Epistaxis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria]]
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]] and  lack of granulation
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Myelofibrosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Lifelong bleeding disorder
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]<ref name="pmid29086100">{{cite journal |vauthors=Candotti F |title=Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome |journal=J. Clin. Immunol. |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=13–27 |date=January 2018 |pmid=29086100 |doi=10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z |url=}}</ref>
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
+* Mutation in [[GATA1|GATA-1]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rheumatologic/autoimmune disorders
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|ITP]]<ref name="ZuffereyKapur2017">{{cite journal|last1=Zufferey|first1=Anne|last2=Kapur|first2=Rick|last3=Semple|first3=John|title=Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Mechanisms in  Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)|journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=6|issue=2|year=2017|pages=16|issn=2077-0383|doi=10.3390/jcm6020016}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Immune-mediated [[platelet]] destruction
-* Inhibition of [[platelet]] release from the [[megakaryocyte]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]] and
+* Positive family history
-[[petechia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + [[Mucocutaneous zone|Mucocutaneous]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Large [[Platelet|platelets]], otherwise normal
+* [[Eczema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Bloody diarrhea
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Diagnosis of exclusion
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Spontaneous remission
+* Small but low [[Platelet|platelets]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid27777394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abu-Hishmeh M, Sattar A, Zarlasht F, Ramadan M, Abdel-Rahman A, Hinson S, Hwang C |title=Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Refractory Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Diagnostic and Management Challenge. A Case Report and Concise Review of the Literature |journal=Am J Case Rep |volume=17 |issue= |pages=782–787 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27777394 |pmc=5083062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Immune-mediated [[platelet]] destruction
+* Small but low [[Platelet|platelets]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Genetic study
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Recurrent [[Infection|infections]]
+* [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune disorders]]
+* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) syndrome<ref name="pmid27981927">{{cite journal |vauthors=Al-Qattan MM |title=The Pathogenesis of Radial Ray Deficiency in Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome |journal=J Coll Physicians Surg Pak |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=912–916 |date=November 2016 |pmid=27981927 |doi=2476 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* 1q21.1 [[Deletion (genetics)|deletion]] and [[bone marrow]] failure
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Young women, more prevalent in Africans and Asians
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Medication use
+* Positive family history
-* History of [[Weight change|weight changes]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-* Other [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]
-* [[Family history]] of [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic diseases]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Malar rash]], generalized [[maculopapular rash]], discoid rash
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-[[Hemoptysis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* Bilateral [[Radius (bone)|radial]] aplasia
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Mucosal ulcers
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Rales|Crackles]]
-* Chest [[tenderness]]
-* [[Heart murmur|Murmur]]
-* [[Hepatomegaly]]
-* [[Cognitive impairment]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Normal size [[Platelet|platelets]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Normal or hypercellular [[bone marrow]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+* Decreased, absent, or immature [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+* Small, [[basophilic]], vacuolated [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
+* [[Erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Evidence of absent radius
++
+Laboratory findings
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-** [[Hematuria]]
+* Cow's milk allergy
-** [[Pyuria]]
+* Various other anomalies
-** [[Proteinuria]]
-** Cellular casts
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + serology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura|TTP]]
-* Multiorgan dysfunction
-* [[Infections]]
-* [[Atherosclerosis]]
-* [[Malignancies]]
-* Poor prognosis with lupus nephritis
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]<ref name="Artim-EsenDiz-Küçükkaya2015">{{cite journal|last1=Artim-Esen|first1=Bahar|last2=Diz-Küçükkaya|first2=Reyhan|last3=İnanç|first3=Murat|title=The Significance and Management of Thrombocytopenia in Antiphospholipid Syndrome|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=17|issue=3|year=2015|issn=1523-3774|doi=10.1007/s11926-014-0494-8}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Fechtner syndrome]]<ref name="pmid10577925">{{cite journal |vauthors=Toren A, Amariglio N, Rozenfeld-Granot G, Simon AJ, Brok-Simoni F, Pras E, Rechavi G |title=Genetic linkage of autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome with leukocyte inclusions and macrothrombocytopenia (Fechtner syndrome) to chromosome 22q11-13 |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1711–7 |date=December 1999 |pmid=10577925 |pmc=1288382 |doi=10.1086/302654 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Autoantibody-mediated syndrome
+* Mutation of chromosome 22q11-13
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Children
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Middle aged women, more in African American and Hispanic population
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Abortion
+* Positive family history
-* Other [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-* [[Family history]] of [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic diseases]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]] and
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+[[petechia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + [[Mucocutaneous zone|Mucocutaneous]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Deep vein thrombosis|DVT]]
+* Hearing loss
+* Eye abnormalities
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Granulocytic inclusions
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
+* [[Hematuria|Microscopic hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Pyuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+* [[Hematuria|Red cell]] [[casts]]
+* [[Hematuria|Cylindrical]] [[casts]]
+* [[Proteinuria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + genetic study
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria]]
+* [[Dominance relationship|Autosomal dominant]] variant of [[Alport syndrome]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + repeated positive tests of aPL
+* [[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* Recurrent [[thrombosis]]
-* [[Stroke]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Felty's syndrome]]<ref name="ChavalitdhamrongMolovic-Kokovic2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chavalitdhamrong|first1=Disaya|last2=Molovic-Kokovic|first2=Ana|last3=Iliev|first3=Andrey|title=Felty's Syndrome as an initial presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis: a case report|journal=Cases Journal|volume=2|issue=1|year=2009|pages=206|issn=1757-1626|doi=10.1186/1757-1626-2-206}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Von Willebrand disease]]<ref name="pmid24337418">{{cite journal |vauthors=Langer F, Obser T, Oyen F, Spath B, Holstein K, Greinacher A, White JG, Budde U, Bokemeyer C, Schneppenheim R |title=Characterisation of the p.A1461D mutation causing von Willebrand disease type 2B with severe thrombocytopenia, circulating giant platelets, and defective α-granule secretion |journal=Thromb. Haemost. |volume=111 |issue=4 |pages=777–9 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24337418 |doi=10.1160/TH13-06-0462 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Autoantibody-mediated syndrome
+* [[Von Willebrand factor|VWF]] deficiency/dysfunction
-* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rarely
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |More common with [[ABO blood group system|O blood type]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare, young women
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Arthritis]]
+* Positive family history
-* Family history of [[Rheumatoid arthritis|RA]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Necrosis|Necrotizing]] skin lesions
-* [[Rheumatoid nodule]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-* Lymphadenopathy
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl/ ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl/↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
+* [[Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Laboratory findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
+* Lifelong bleeding disorder
-* Positive [[Rheumatoid factor|RF]] and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies
-* [[Episcleritis]]
-* Pleuropericarditis
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
 ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
@@ Line 1,253: / Line 1,812: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
-! rowspan="7" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection-induced
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|ITP]]<ref name="ZuffereyKapur2017">{{cite journal|last1=Zufferey|first1=Anne|last2=Kapur|first2=Rick|last3=Semple|first3=John|title=Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Mechanisms in  Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)|journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=6|issue=2|year=2017|pages=16|issn=2077-0383|doi=10.3390/jcm6020016}}</ref>
-! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Infection|Bacterial infections]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Sepsis]]<ref name="WuRen2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Qin|last2=Ren|first2=Jianan|last3=Wu|first3=Xiuwen|last4=Wang|first4=Gefei|last5=Gu|first5=Guosheng|last6=Liu|first6=Song|last7=Wu|first7=Yin|last8=Hu|first8=Dong|last9=Zhao|first9=Yunzhao|last10=Li|first10=Jieshou|title=Recombinant human thrombopoietin improves platelet counts and reduces platelet transfusion possibility among patients with severe sepsis and thrombocytopenia: A prospective study|journal=Journal of Critical Care|volume=29|issue=3|year=2014|pages=362–366|issn=08839441|doi=10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.11.023}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Direct [[bone marrow suppression]]
+* Immune-mediated [[platelet]] destruction
+* Inhibition of [[platelet]] release from the [[megakaryocyte]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
@@ Line 1,269: / Line 1,825: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any age
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Infection|Bacterial infection]]
+* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]] and
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+[[petechia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | + [[Mucocutaneous zone|Mucocutaneous]]
-* [[Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-* [[Purpura]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-* [[Erythema]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-* [[Ulcer|Ulceration]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Malaise]]
+* Large [[Platelet|platelets]], otherwise normal
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Diagnosis of exclusion
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Spontaneous remission
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+|-
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid27777394">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abu-Hishmeh M, Sattar A, Zarlasht F, Ramadan M, Abdel-Rahman A, Hinson S, Hwang C |title=Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Refractory Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Diagnostic and Management Challenge. A Case Report and Concise Review of the Literature |journal=Am J Case Rep |volume=17 |issue= |pages=782–787 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27777394 |pmc=5083062 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-Depends on the etiology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + culture
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Associated with ↑ mortality
+* Immune-mediated [[platelet]] destruction
-|-
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Helicobacter pylori]]<ref name="pmid24574745">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuwana M |title=Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=714–23 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24574745 |pmc=3921481 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.714 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Young women, more prevalent in Africans and Asians
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Immune thrombocytopenia
+* Medication use
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+* History of [[Weight change|weight changes]]
+* Other [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]
+* [[Family history]] of [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic diseases]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Malar rash]], generalized [[maculopapular rash]], discoid rash
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+[[Hemoptysis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl or ↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Epigastric tenderness
+* Mucosal ulcers
-* [[Heartburn]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Rales|Crackles]]
+* Chest [[tenderness]]
+* [[Heart murmur|Murmur]]
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+* [[Cognitive impairment]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + culture
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]
+** [[Hematuria]]
+** [[Pyuria]]
+** [[Proteinuria]]
+** Cellular casts
+** Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + serology
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura|TTP]]
+* Multiorgan dysfunction
+* [[Infections]]
+* [[Atherosclerosis]]
+* [[Malignancies]]
+* Poor prognosis with lupus nephritis
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Tick-borne disease|Tick-borne infection]]<ref name="pmid24837566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu Q, He B, Huang SY, Wei F, Zhu XQ |title=Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=763–772 |date=August 2014 |pmid=24837566 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70718-2 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]<ref name="Artim-EsenDiz-Küçükkaya2015">{{cite journal|last1=Artim-Esen|first1=Bahar|last2=Diz-Küçükkaya|first2=Reyhan|last3=İnanç|first3=Murat|title=The Significance and Management of Thrombocytopenia in Antiphospholipid Syndrome|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=17|issue=3|year=2015|issn=1523-3774|doi=10.1007/s11926-014-0494-8}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Immune thrombocytopenia
+* Autoantibody-mediated syndrome
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Endemic area like China, Japan, and Korea
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Being bitten by a tick
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Middle aged women, more in African American and Hispanic population
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Petechiae]]
+* Abortion
-* [[Purpura]]
+* Other [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic]] and [[autoimmune diseases]]
-* [[Erythema]]
+* [[Family history]] of [[Rheumatologic disease|rheumatologic diseases]]
-* [[Ulcer|Ulceration]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Encephalitis]]
+* [[Deep vein thrombosis|DVT]]
-* [[Viral hemorrhagic fever|Hemorrhagic fever]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Proteinuria]]
+* [[Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
+* Elevated PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + repeated positive tests of aPL
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Elevated [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]] and [[Aspartate transaminase|AST]]
+* Recurrent [[thrombosis]]
-* [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Multiple organ failure]]
+* [[Stroke]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
 |-
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Virus|Viral infections]]
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Felty's syndrome]]<ref name="ChavalitdhamrongMolovic-Kokovic2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chavalitdhamrong|first1=Disaya|last2=Molovic-Kokovic|first2=Ana|last3=Iliev|first3=Andrey|title=Felty's Syndrome as an initial presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis: a case report|journal=Cases Journal|volume=2|issue=1|year=2009|pages=206|issn=1757-1626|doi=10.1186/1757-1626-2-206}}</ref>
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]<ref name="pmid26098601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Borges ÁH, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A |title=Thrombocytopenia and cancer risk during HIV infection |journal=AIDS |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1425–7 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26098601 |doi=10.1097/QAD.0000000000000744 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="Left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Autoantibody-mediated syndrome
-* Immune thrombocytopenia
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare, young women
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+* [[Arthritis]]
+* Family history of [[Rheumatoid arthritis|RA]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* High risk behaviors
+* [[Necrosis|Necrotizing]] skin lesions
-* Close contact
+* [[Rheumatoid nodule]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Skin lesions]]
+* Lymphadenopathy
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Muscle weakness]]
-* [[Joint swelling]]
-* Focal neurological deficits
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[White blood cells|WBC]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Proteinuria]]
+* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Isolation of [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
+* Positive [[Rheumatoid factor|RF]] and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Episcleritis]]
-* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
+* Pleuropericarditis
-* Severe [[immunodeficiency]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Other viruses such as [[rubella]], [[mumps]], [[varicella]], [[parvovirus]], [[hepatitis C]], & [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus]]<ref name="pmid25518779">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed M, Dabbagh O, Al-Muhaizae M, Dhalaan H, Chedrawi A |title=Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and thrombocytopenia following Epstein-Barr virus infection |journal=J Coll Physicians Surg Pak |volume=24 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=S216–8 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25518779 |doi=11.2014/JCPSP.S216S218 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
+|-
+! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Infection|Bacterial infections]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Sepsis]]<ref name="WuRen2014">{{cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Qin|last2=Ren|first2=Jianan|last3=Wu|first3=Xiuwen|last4=Wang|first4=Gefei|last5=Gu|first5=Guosheng|last6=Liu|first6=Song|last7=Wu|first7=Yin|last8=Hu|first8=Dong|last9=Zhao|first9=Yunzhao|last10=Li|first10=Jieshou|title=Recombinant human thrombopoietin improves platelet counts and reduces platelet transfusion possibility among patients with severe sepsis and thrombocytopenia: A prospective study|journal=Journal of Critical Care|volume=29|issue=3|year=2014|pages=362–366|issn=08839441|doi=10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.11.023}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Immune thrombocytopenia
+* Direct [[bone marrow suppression]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* High risk behaviors
+* [[Infection|Bacterial infection]]
-* Close contact
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * [[Petechiae]]
 * [[Purpura]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+* [[Erythema]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Ulcer|Ulceration]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | ±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Malaise]]
 * [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Muscle weakness]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓/↑
-* [[Joint swelling]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-* Focal neurological deficits
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑↑
-* Depends on etiology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + culture
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria]]
+* Associated with ↑ mortality
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + lab tests
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Depends on etiology
-* [[Encephalomyelitis]]
 |-
-! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Parasitism|Parasitic infections]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Helicobacter pylori]]<ref name="pmid24574745">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kuwana M |title=Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia: clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=714–23 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24574745 |pmc=3921481 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.714 |url=}}</ref>
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Malaria]]<ref name="pmid25131143">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Giselle-Badillo A, Manrique-Castaño S, Yepes MC |title=Anemia and thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not unusual in patients from endemic and non-endemic settings |journal=Travel Med Infect Dis |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=549–50 |date=2014 |pmid=25131143 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.07.006 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Unknown
 * Immune thrombocytopenia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Endemic area
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Being bitten by a mosquito
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Headache]]
+* Epigastric tenderness
-* [[Weakness]]
+* [[Heartburn]]
-* [[Night sweats]]
-* [[Joint pain]]
-* [[Muscle pain]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + culture
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Life-threatening disease
+* [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]
-* [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Multiple organ failure]]
 |-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Babesiosis]]<ref name="pmid24783256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nackos E, DeSancho M |title=Anemia and thrombocytopenia: diagnosis from the blood smear |journal=Blood |volume=123 |issue=12 |pages=1783 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24783256 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Tick-borne disease|Tick-borne infection]]<ref name="pmid24837566">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu Q, He B, Huang SY, Wei F, Zhu XQ |title=Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=763–772 |date=August 2014 |pmid=24837566 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70718-2 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Unknown
 * Immune thrombocytopenia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Endemic area like China, Japan, and Korea
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * Being bitten by a tick
-* [[Immunodeficiency]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Petechiae]]
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Erythema]]
+* [[Ulcer|Ulceration]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
@@ Line 1,515: / Line 2,088: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Encephalitis]]
-* [[Rigor|Chills]]
+* [[Viral hemorrhagic fever|Hemorrhagic fever]]
-* [[Perspiration|Sweats]]
-* [[Headache]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* [[Proteinuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hematuria]]
+* Elevated [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]] and [[Aspartate transaminase|AST]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Severe hemolytic anemia
-* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
 * [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Multiple organ failure]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Virus|Viral infections]]
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]<ref name="pmid26098601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Borges ÁH, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A |title=Thrombocytopenia and cancer risk during HIV infection |journal=AIDS |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1425–7 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26098601 |doi=10.1097/QAD.0000000000000744 |url=}}</ref>
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
+| align="Left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
+* Immune thrombocytopenia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
+* High risk behaviors
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
+* Close contact
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+* [[Skin lesions]]
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Medication/toxicity
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]]/
-[[Anticonvulsant|Antiepileptic]]<ref name="pmid17666285">{{cite journal |vauthors=Visentin GP, Liu CY |title=Drug-induced thrombocytopenia |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=685–96, vi |date=August 2007 |pmid=17666285 |pmc=1993236 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2007.06.005 |url=}}</ref>
-! align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |
-* [[Quinine]]
-* [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|Sulfonamides]]
-* [[Carbamazepine]]
-* [[Phenytoin]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Occurrence of drug-dependent, platelet-reactive [[antibodies]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* [[Muscle weakness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+* [[Joint swelling]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* Focal neurological deficits
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Proteinuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Isolation of [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
+* Severe [[immunodeficiency]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Other viruses such as [[rubella]], [[mumps]], [[varicella]], [[parvovirus]], [[hepatitis C]], & [[Epstein Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus]]<ref name="pmid25518779">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed M, Dabbagh O, Al-Muhaizae M, Dhalaan H, Chedrawi A |title=Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and thrombocytopenia following Epstein-Barr virus infection |journal=J Coll Physicians Surg Pak |volume=24 Suppl 3 |issue= |pages=S216–8 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25518779 |doi=11.2014/JCPSP.S216S218 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Immune thrombocytopenia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Drug ingestion or injection
+* High risk behaviors
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* Close contact
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]]
+* [[Petechiae]]
-* [[Petechia]]
+* [[Purpura]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Muscle weakness]]
+* [[Joint swelling]]
+* Focal neurological deficits
+* Depends on etiology
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]<ref name="Lovecchio2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lovecchio|first1=F.|title=Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia|journal=Clinical Toxicology|volume=52|issue=6|year=2014|pages=579–583|issn=1556-3650|doi=10.3109/15563650.2014.917181}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Anti-heparin/PF4 antibody
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hematuria]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + lab tests
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Depends on etiology
+* [[Encephalomyelitis]]
+|-
+! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Parasitism|Parasitic infections]]
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Malaria]]<ref name="pmid25131143">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Giselle-Badillo A, Manrique-Castaño S, Yepes MC |title=Anemia and thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not unusual in patients from endemic and non-endemic settings |journal=Travel Med Infect Dis |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=549–50 |date=2014 |pmid=25131143 |doi=10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.07.006 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Unknown
+* Immune thrombocytopenia
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Endemic area
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Heparin injection
+* Being bitten by a mosquito
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Necrotic skin lesions
+* [[Headache]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Weakness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Night sweats]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Joint pain]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Muscle pain]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Early or delayed-onset
+* [[Hematuria]]
-* [[Thrombosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Chemotherapy|Cytotoxic chemotherapy]]<ref name="ParameswaranLunning2014">{{cite journal|last1=Parameswaran|first1=R.|last2=Lunning|first2=M.|last3=Mantha|first3=S.|last4=Devlin|first4=S.|last5=Hamilton|first5=A.|last6=Schwartz|first6=G.|last7=Soff|first7=G.|title=Romiplostim for management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia|journal=Supportive Care in Cancer|volume=22|issue=5|year=2014|pages=1217–1222|issn=0941-4355|doi=10.1007/s00520-013-2074-2}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+* Life-threatening disease
+* [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Multiple organ failure]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Babesiosis]]<ref name="pmid24783256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nackos E, DeSancho M |title=Anemia and thrombocytopenia: diagnosis from the blood smear |journal=Blood |volume=123 |issue=12 |pages=1783 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24783256 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Unknown
+* Immune thrombocytopenia
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Patients with [[Cancer|malignancy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Rare
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Drug ingestion or injection
+* Being bitten by a tick
-* [[Cancer]]
+* [[Immunodeficiency]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]]
+* [[Fatigue]]
-* Petechia
+* [[Rigor|Chills]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+* [[Perspiration|Sweats]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+* [[Headache]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia
+* [[Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + microscopic examination of blood smear
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Thrombosis]]
+* Severe hemolytic anemia
+* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
+* [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Multiple organ failure]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Radiation therapy]]<ref name="pmid23233625">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bercovitz RS, Josephson CD |title=Thrombocytopenia and bleeding in pediatric oncology patients |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=499–505 |date=2012 |pmid=23233625 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.499 |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
-* Predictable, dose-dependent [[Bone marrow suppression|myelosuppression]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Patients with [[Cancer|malignancy]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
-* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
-* [[Cancer]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
-* [[Purpura]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
-* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Thrombosis]]
 |-
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |GI
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Antibiotic|Antibiotics]]/
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Chronic liver disease]]<ref name="LoffredoVioli20182">{{cite journal|last1=Loffredo|first1=Lorenzo|last2=Violi|first2=Francesco|title=Thrombopoietin receptor agonists and risk of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver disease and thrombocytopenia: A meta-analysis|journal=Digestive and Liver Disease|year=2018|issn=15908658|doi=10.1016/j.dld.2018.06.005}}</ref>
+[[Anticonvulsant|Antiepileptic]]<ref name="pmid17666285">{{cite journal |vauthors=Visentin GP, Liu CY |title=Drug-induced thrombocytopenia |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=685–96, vi |date=August 2007 |pmid=17666285 |pmc=1993236 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2007.06.005 |url=}}</ref>
+! align="left" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |
+* [[Quinine]]
+* [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|Sulfonamides]]
+* [[Carbamazepine]]
+* [[Phenytoin]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+* Occurrence of drug-dependent, platelet-reactive [[antibodies]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
@@ Line 1,717: / Line 2,303: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Cirrhosis]]
+* Drug ingestion or injection
-* [[Alcoholism|Alcohol use]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]]
-* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+* [[Petechia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
@@ Line 1,734: / Line 2,319: @@
 * Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Biopsy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
-* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
-* Variceal hemorrhage
-* Hepatic [[hydrothorax]]
-* [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Portal hypertension]]<ref name="pmid17729421">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jia YP, Lu Q, Gong S, Ma BY, Wen XR, Peng YL, Lin L, Chen HY, Qiu L, Luo Y |title=Postoperative complications in patients with portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation: evaluation with Doppler ultrasonography |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=13 |issue=34 |pages=4636–40 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17729421 |pmc=4611842 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia]]<ref name="Lovecchio2014">{{cite journal|last1=Lovecchio|first1=F.|title=Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia|journal=Clinical Toxicology|volume=52|issue=6|year=2014|pages=579–583|issn=1556-3650|doi=10.3109/15563650.2014.917181}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+* Anti-heparin/PF4 antibody
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Heparin injection
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Necrotic skin lesions
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Early or delayed-onset
+* [[Thrombosis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Chemotherapy|Cytotoxic chemotherapy]]<ref name="ParameswaranLunning2014">{{cite journal|last1=Parameswaran|first1=R.|last2=Lunning|first2=M.|last3=Mantha|first3=S.|last4=Devlin|first4=S.|last5=Hamilton|first5=A.|last6=Schwartz|first6=G.|last7=Soff|first7=G.|title=Romiplostim for management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia|journal=Supportive Care in Cancer|volume=22|issue=5|year=2014|pages=1217–1222|issn=0941-4355|doi=10.1007/s00520-013-2074-2}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Patients with [[Cancer|malignancy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Drug ingestion or injection
+* [[Cancer]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Bruise|Ecchymoses]]
+* Petechia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Thrombosis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Radiation therapy]]<ref name="pmid23233625">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bercovitz RS, Josephson CD |title=Thrombocytopenia and bleeding in pediatric oncology patients |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume=2012 |issue= |pages=499–505 |date=2012 |pmid=23233625 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2012.1.499 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Predictable, dose-dependent [[Bone marrow suppression|myelosuppression]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Patients with [[Cancer|malignancy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+* [[Cancer]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Megakaryocytic hypoplasia or aplasia
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation + exclusion of the other causes
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Thrombosis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Chronic liver disease]]<ref name="LoffredoVioli20182">{{cite journal|last1=Loffredo|first1=Lorenzo|last2=Violi|first2=Francesco|title=Thrombopoietin receptor agonists and risk of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver disease and thrombocytopenia: A meta-analysis|journal=Digestive and Liver Disease|year=2018|issn=15908658|doi=10.1016/j.dld.2018.06.005}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Cirrhosis]]
+* [[Alcoholism|Alcohol use]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Biopsy]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
+* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
+* Variceal hemorrhage
+* Hepatic [[hydrothorax]]
+* [[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Portal hypertension]]<ref name="pmid17729421">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jia YP, Lu Q, Gong S, Ma BY, Wen XR, Peng YL, Lin L, Chen HY, Qiu L, Luo Y |title=Postoperative complications in patients with portal vein thrombosis after liver transplantation: evaluation with Doppler ultrasonography |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=13 |issue=34 |pages=4636–40 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17729421 |pmc=4611842 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Bone marrow suppression]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Cirrhosis]]
+* [[Alcoholism|Alcohol use]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* Elevated PT/PTT
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
+* [[Ascites]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
+|-
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Giant capillary hemangioma ([[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]])<ref>Lewis D, Vaidya R. Kasabach Merritt Syndrome. [Updated 2018 Jul 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan-. Available from: https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books/NBK519053/</ref><ref name="VinodJohny2017">{{cite journal|last1=Vinod|first1=Kolar Vishwanath|last2=Johny|first2=Joseph|last3=Vadivelan|first3=Mehalingam|last4=Hamide|first4=Abdoul|title=Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome in an adult|journal=Turkish Journal of Hematology|year=2017|issn=13007777|doi=10.4274/tjh.2017.0429}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Platelet]] destruction
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Infants
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Cirrhosis]]
+* Rare but serious infantile [[coagulopathy]]
-* [[Alcoholism|Alcohol use]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Purpura]]
+* Multiple purple [[hemangioma]]
-* [[Petechia|Petechiae]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Intralesional [[bleeding]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Visceral hemangiomas
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normocytic normochromic [[erythrocytes]] and markedly reduced [[platelets]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normal [[erythropoiesis]], myelopoiesis, and megakaryocytic hyperplasia
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]]
+* [[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
+* Elevated PT/PTT
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
+* Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
-* [[Ascites]]
+* Tufted angioma
+*
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
+! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]<ref name="JiKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ji|first1=Sung-Mi|last2=Kim|first2=Sung-Hoon|last3=Nam|first3=Jae-Sik|last4=Yun|first4=Hye-Joo|last5=Choi|first5=Jeong-Hyun|last6=Lee|first6=Eun-Ho|last7=Choi|first7=In-Cheol|title=Predictive value of rotational thromboelastometry during cardiopulmonary bypass for thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass|journal=Korean Journal of Anesthesiology|volume=68|issue=3|year=2015|pages=241|issn=2005-6419|doi=10.4097/kjae.2015.68.3.241}}</ref>
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Decreased platelet production
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in blood
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Platelet destruction in spleen
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquried
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Splenomegaly
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Jaundice
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other signs
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |HB
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Vascular
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |Giant capillary hemangioma ([[Kasabach-Merritt syndrome]])<ref>Lewis D, Vaidya R. Kasabach Merritt Syndrome. [Updated 2018 Jul 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan-. Available from: https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books/NBK519053/</ref><ref name="VinodJohny2017">{{cite journal|last1=Vinod|first1=Kolar Vishwanath|last2=Johny|first2=Joseph|last3=Vadivelan|first3=Mehalingam|last4=Hamide|first4=Abdoul|title=Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome in an adult|journal=Turkish Journal of Hematology|year=2017|issn=13007777|doi=10.4274/tjh.2017.0429}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
 * [[Platelet]] destruction
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Elderly
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Infants
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Rare but serious infantile [[coagulopathy]]
+* [[Coronary heart disease|Coronary artery disease]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Multiple purple [[hemangioma]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | Intralesional [[bleeding]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Visceral hemangiomas
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normocytic normochromic [[erythrocytes]] and markedly reduced [[platelets]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normal [[erythropoiesis]], myelopoiesis, and megakaryocytic hyperplasia
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
-* Tufted angioma
-*
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]<ref name="JiKim2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ji|first1=Sung-Mi|last2=Kim|first2=Sung-Hoon|last3=Nam|first3=Jae-Sik|last4=Yun|first4=Hye-Joo|last5=Choi|first5=Jeong-Hyun|last6=Lee|first6=Eun-Ho|last7=Choi|first7=In-Cheol|title=Predictive value of rotational thromboelastometry during cardiopulmonary bypass for thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass|journal=Korean Journal of Anesthesiology|volume=68|issue=3|year=2015|pages=241|issn=2005-6419|doi=10.4097/kjae.2015.68.3.241}}</ref>
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Platelet]] destruction
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Elderly
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Coronary heart disease|Coronary artery disease]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |−
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
@@ Line 1,867: / Line 2,579: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Normocytic normochromic [[erythrocytes]] and markedly reduced [[platelets]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
+* [[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Hematuria case study one|Hematuria]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
@@ Line 1,875: / Line 2,587: @@
 * [[Hypofibrinogenemia]]
 |-
-! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
 ! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" + |[[Alcohol]]<ref name="pmid15100613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Latvala J, Parkkila S, Niemelä O |title=Excess alcohol consumption is common in patients with cytopenia: studies in blood and bone marrow cells |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=619–24 |date=April 2004 |pmid=15100613 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
@@ Line 1,884: / Line 2,595: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Any
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* History of [[Alcoholism|alcohol use]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Cytopenia]], [[macrocytosis]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Cytopenia]], [[macrocytosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* History of [[Alcoholism|alcohol use]]
+* Elevated PT/PTT
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
-* [[Hepatomegaly]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↓
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Cytopenia]], [[macrocytosis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Cytopenia]], [[macrocytosis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |↑
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Clinical manifestation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
@@ Line 1,932: / Line 2,642: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Positive circulating alloantibody to a common [[platelet]] antigen
@@ Line 1,962: / Line 2,670: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Diagnosis of exclusion
@@ Line 1,995: / Line 2,701: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Red blood cell|Schistocytes]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Proteinuria]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Lab abnormalities
@@ Line 2,029: / Line 2,733: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Reduced [[Platelet|platelets]] and [[Megakaryocyte|megakaryocytes]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |[[Myelofibrosis|Megakaryocytic]] hypoplasia or aplasia
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Diagnosis of exclusion
@@ Line 2,060: / Line 2,762: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Low [[platelet]] count and [[platelet]] clumps
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Low [[platelet]] count and [[platelet]] clumps
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Repeat collecting sample in a [[heparin]] tube
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
 ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Condition
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
@@ Line 2,088: / Line 2,787: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PBS
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bone marrow exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PT
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |PTT
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |UA
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
@@ Line 2,097: / Line 2,794: @@
 ==References==
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