Delirium causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
Line 161: Line 161:


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{Multicol}}
{{columns-list|3|
*[[Altitude sickness|Acute altitude sickness]]
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
*[[Acute liver failure]]
*[[Acute liver failure]]
Line 167: Line 168:
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]
*[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Altitude sickness|Acute altitude sickness]]
*[[Antihistamines]]
*[[Antihistamines]]
*[[Antipsychotics]]
*[[Antipsychotics]]
Line 211: Line 211:
*[[Head injury]]
*[[Head injury]]
*[[Heart failure]]
*[[Heart failure]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Heat stroke]]
*[[Heat stroke]]
*[[Heroin]]
*[[Heroin]]
Line 255: Line 254:
*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
*[[Methanol]]
*[[Methanol]]
*[[Toxic mushrooms|Monomethylhydrazine]]
*[[Muscle relaxant]]
*[[Muscle relaxant]]
*[[Neurocysticercosis]]
*[[Neurocysticercosis]]
Line 261: Line 261:
*[[Nonconvulsive status epilepticus]]
*[[Nonconvulsive status epilepticus]]
*[[Organic solvent]]
*[[Organic solvent]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Phaeochromocytoma]]
*[[Phaeochromocytoma]]
*[[Phencyclidine]]
*[[Phencyclidine]]
Line 291: Line 290:
*[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Systemic organ failure]]   
*[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|Systemic organ failure]]   
*[[Mescalbean|Texas Mescalbean poisoning]]  
*[[Mescalbean|Texas Mescalbean poisoning]]  
*[[Thallium|Thallium Sulfate poisoning]]
*[[Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency]]
*[[Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency]]
*[[Thallium|Thallium Sulfate poisoning]]
*[[Thrombocytosis]]
*[[Thrombocytosis]]
*[[Toluene]]
*[[Toluene]]
*[[Toxic mushrooms|Monomethylhydrazine]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
Line 308: Line 306:
*[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]
*[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]
*[[Wilson's disease]]
*[[Wilson's disease]]
*Withdrawal states e.g. [[ethanol]], [[benzodiazepines]]
*[[Zanamivir]]
*[[Zanamivir]]
*Withdrawal states e.g. [[ethanol]], [[benzodiazepines]]
}}
{{EndMultiCol}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:22, 3 May 2015

Delirium Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Delirium from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case #1

Delirium On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Delirium

All Images
X-rays
Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Delirium

CDC on Delirium

Delirium in the news

Blogs on Delirium

Directions to Hospitals Treating Delirium

Risk calculators and risk factors for Delirium

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Pratik Bahekar, MBBS [2]; Vishal Khurana, M.B.B.S., M.D. [3]

Overview

Delirium may be caused by severe physical or mental illness, or any process which interferes with the normal metabolism or function of the brain e.g.fever, pain, poison (including toxic drug reactions), brain injury, surgery, traumatic shock, severe lack of food or water or sleep, and even withdrawal symptoms of certain drug and alcohol dependent states, are all known to cause delirium. In addition, there is an interaction between acute and chronic symptoms of brain dysfunction; delirious states are more easily produced in people already suffering with underlying chronic brain dysfunction.

A very common cause of delirium in elderly people is a urinary tract infection, which is easily treatable with antibiotics, reversing the delirium. Delirium, like mental confusion, is a very general and nonspecific symptom of organ dysfunction, where the organ in question is the brain. In addition to many organic causes relating to a structural defect or a metabolic problem in the brain (analogous to hardware problems in a computer), there are also some psychiatric causes, which may also include a component of mental or emotional stress, mental disease, or other "programming" problems (analogous to software problems in a computer).

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes of Delirium

A mnemonic for the myriad causes of Delirium: IWATCHDEATH

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Malignant hypertension, Heart failure
Chemical/Poisoning Withdrawal states from Ethanol, Benzodiazepines, Water hemlock poisoning , Monomethylhydrazine , Toluene, Texas Mescalbean poisoning, Poison hemlock, Organic solvent, Methanol, Marijuana, Lead, Jimson weed, Hyperbaric sickness, Hydrogen sulfide , Heroin, Hallucinogens, Ethylene glycol, Ethanol, Daphne poisoning , Cyanide, Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon monoxide toxicity, Alcohol withdrawal, Thallium Sulfate poisoning, Phencyclidine poisoning, Nickel, Carbonyl poisoning
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Antihistamines, Antipsychotics, Atropine, Cabergoline, Chloramphenicol sodium succinate, Clobazam, Cidofovir, Drug overdose, Drug withdrawal, Lithium, Meropenem, Muscle relaxants, Oxcarbazepine, Promethazine, Quinolones, Serotonin syndrome, Valproic acid, Zanamivir
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Pituitary apoplexy, Phaeochromocytoma, Hypothyroidism, Hypopituitarism, Hypoglycemia, Hyperthyroidism, Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma, Hyperglycemia, Hyperthyroidism, Elevated or depressed pituitary function ,Elevated or Depressed adrenal function, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Diabetic hypoglycemia, Cushing syndrome, Adrenal cortex insufficiency
Environmental Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, Heat stroke, Electric shock, Decompression sickness, Acute Altitude sickness
Gastroenterologic Elevated or depressed pancreas function, Chronic Liver failure, Acute liver failure
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Thrombocytosis, Polycythemia, Leukemic blast cell crisis, Hypereosinophilia
Iatrogenic Postoperative stress
Infectious Disease Viral hemorrhagic fever, Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia, Urinary tract infection, Typhoid fever, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Systemic infection, Surgical wound infection, Subdural empyema, Sleeping sickness (West African), Sleeping sickness (East African), Sepsis, Rickettsiae, Rabies , Pyelonephritis, Plague, Neurocysticercosis, Malaria, Intraspinal abscess / granuloma, Intracranial abscess / granuloma, Gangrene, Chest infection, Cerebral malaria, Brain or epidural abscess, Brain infection
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Venous sinus thrombosis, Raised intracranial pressure, Postictal state, Nonconvulsive status epilepticus, Meningoencephalitis, Meningitis, Intracranial bleeding, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Epileptic seizures, Epidural haemorrhage, Encephalitis, Encephalitis, Cerebrovascular accident, Cerebral oedema, Cerebral infarction, Brain tumor, Brain abscess
Nutritional/Metabolic Wilson's disease, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, Niacin deficiencies, Folate deficiency, Acute intermittent porphyria
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Schizoaffective disorder
Pulmonary Respiratory failure, Hypoxemia, Hypercarbia
Renal/Electrolyte Hypophosphatemia, Hypoosmolar states, Hyponatremia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperosmolar states, Hypernatremia,

Hypermagnesemia, Hypercalcemia, Hypomagnesemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Chronic renal failure, Acute renal failure

Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Vasculitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma, Skull fracture, Head injury
Urologic Urinary Track Infection
Miscellaneous Coproporphyria, Burns

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

Template:WH Template:WS