Amenorrhea risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

The most common risk factor in the development of primary amenorrhea is chromosomal disorder and the most common risk factor in the development of secondary amenorrhea is breastfeeding. Common risk factors in the development of amenorrhea include risk factors related to hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, and also functional amenorrhea. Most common hypothalamic risk factors are Kallmann syndrome and chronic disorders. Most common pituitary risk factors are hyperprolactinemia and pituitary microadenoma.

Risk Factors

  • The most common risk factor in the development of primary amenorrhea is chromosomal disorder and the most common risk factor in the development of secondary amenorrhea is breastfeeding.
  • Common risk factors in the development of amenorrhea include risk factors related to hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, and also functional amenorrhea. The risk factors in the development of amenorrhea, in an order from most common to least common, are as following:

Hypothalamic risk factors

Pituitary risk factors

Gonadal risk factors

Anatomical defects risk factors

Functional amenorrhea risk factors

Miscellaneous

High risk sports in female athletes

  • Cross country
  • Ballet
  • Track and Field
  • Swimming
  • Cycling
  • Rowing
  • Diving
  • Figure skating
  • Gymnastics
  • All other intense and strenuous sports

References


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