Hypolipoproteinemia causes: Difference between revisions
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*[[Cilostazol]]<ref name="pmid24139096">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B et al.| title=The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression. | journal=Metabolism | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24139096 | doi=10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24139096 }} </ref> | *[[Cilostazol]]<ref name="pmid24139096">{{cite journal| author=Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B et al.| title=The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression. | journal=Metabolism | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24139096 | doi=10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24139096 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Cirrhosis]] | *[[Cirrhosis]] | ||
*[[cistanche|Cistanche tubulosa]]<ref name="pmid24095831">{{cite journal| author=Xiong W, Gu L, Wang C, Sun H, Liu X| title=Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. | journal=J Ethnopharmacol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24095831 | doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.027 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24095831 }} </ref> | *[[cistanche|Cistanche tubulosa]]<ref name="pmid24095831">{{cite journal| author=Xiong W, Gu L, Wang C, Sun H, Liu X| title=Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. | journal=J Ethnopharmacol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24095831 | doi=10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.027 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24095831 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Clofibrate]] | *[[Clofibrate]] | ||
*[[Colesevelam (patient information)|Colesevelam hydrochlorie]] | *[[Colesevelam (patient information)|Colesevelam hydrochlorie]] | ||
*[[Colestyramine]] | *[[Colestyramine]] | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Crohn's disease]] | *[[Crohn's disease]] | ||
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] | *[[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
Line 365: | Line 365: | ||
*[[Gemfibrozil]] | *[[Gemfibrozil]] | ||
*[[Giardiasis]] | *[[Giardiasis]] | ||
*[[Flavonoid|Hawthorn fruit]]<ref name="pmid24126122">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y, Zhang L, Geng Y, Geng Y| title=Hawthorn Fruit Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Improving the Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. | journal=J Atheroscler Thromb | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24126122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24126122 }} </ref> | *[[Flavonoid|Hawthorn fruit]]<ref name="pmid24126122">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y, Zhang L, Geng Y, Geng Y| title=Hawthorn Fruit Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Improving the Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. | journal=J Atheroscler Thromb | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24126122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24126122 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Hepatitis C]]<ref name="pmid24188401">{{cite journal| author=Rojas A, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García-Valdecasas M, Diago M et al.| title=Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro. | journal=J Viral Hepat | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24188401 | doi=10.1111/jvh.12209 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24188401 }} </ref> | *[[Hepatitis C]]<ref name="pmid24188401">{{cite journal| author=Rojas A, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García-Valdecasas M, Diago M et al.| title=Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro. | journal=J Viral Hepat | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=24188401 | doi=10.1111/jvh.12209 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24188401 }} </ref> | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[carbohydrate|High carbohydrate diet]] | *[[carbohydrate|High carbohydrate diet]] | ||
*[[Serum amyloid A|High serum amyloid A]]<ref name="pmid23448606">{{cite journal| author=Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O| title=Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. | journal=Bosn J Basic Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-6 | pmid=23448606 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23448606 }} </ref> | *[[Serum amyloid A|High serum amyloid A]]<ref name="pmid23448606">{{cite journal| author=Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O| title=Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. | journal=Bosn J Basic Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-6 | pmid=23448606 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23448606 }} </ref> | ||
Line 400: | Line 400: | ||
*[[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type B]] | *[[Niemann-Pick disease|Niemann-Pick disease type B]] | ||
*[[NSAID]] | *[[NSAID]] | ||
*[[Obesity]]<ref name="AshenBlumenthal2005">{{cite journal|last1=Ashen|first1=M. Dominique|last2=Blumenthal|first2=Roger S.|title=Low HDL Cholesterol Levels|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=353|issue=12|year=2005|pages=1252–1260|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp044370}}</ref> | *[[Obesity]]<ref name="AshenBlumenthal2005">{{cite journal|last1=Ashen|first1=M. Dominique|last2=Blumenthal|first2=Roger S.|title=Low HDL Cholesterol Levels|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=353|issue=12|year=2005|pages=1252–1260|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp044370}}</ref> | ||
*[[omega-3 fatty acid|Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]] | *[[omega-3 fatty acid|Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]] | ||
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*[[Prazosin]] | *[[Prazosin]] | ||
*[[Probucol]] <ref name="pmid19457483">{{cite journal| author=Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y| title=Where are we with probucol: a new life for an old drug? | journal=Atherosclerosis | year= 2009 | volume= 207 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-23 | pmid=19457483 | doi=10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.002 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19457483 }} </ref> | *[[Probucol]] <ref name="pmid19457483">{{cite journal| author=Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y| title=Where are we with probucol: a new life for an old drug? | journal=Atherosclerosis | year= 2009 | volume= 207 | issue= 1 | pages= 16-23 | pmid=19457483 | doi=10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.002 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19457483 }} </ref> | ||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Progestins]] | *[[Progestins]] | ||
*[[Propranolol]] | *[[Propranolol]] |
Revision as of 15:59, 25 November 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes Based on Major Lipoprotein Detected in Blood Laboratory Test
Low Cholesterol Causes
Low Chylomicron Causes
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Apolipoprotein B-48 deficiency
- Bassen-kornzweig syndrome
- Fish oil[8]
- Ketogenic diet
- N-3 fatty acids[9]
Low Chylomicron remnant Causes
- Abetalipoproteinemia[1]
- Chylomicron retention disease
- Hyperthyroidism [2]
- Intestinal lymphangiectasia
- Lomitapide
- Malabsorption
Low Triglyceride Causes
Low HDL Causes
Low IDL Causes
- Estrogen plus simvastatin combination therapy[20]
- Extended-release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin[21]
- Familial apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein CIII deficiency[22]
- Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
- Lovastatin[23]
- Pravastatin[24][25]
- Statins
Low LDL Causes
Low VLDL Causes
Combined List of Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Wetterau JR, Aggerbeck LP, Bouma ME, Eisenberg C, Munck A, Hermier M; et al. (1992). "Absence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in individuals with abetalipoproteinemia". Science. 258 (5084): 999–1001. PMID 1439810.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Weintraub M, Grosskopf I, Trostanesky Y, Charach G, Rubinstein A, Stern N (1999). "Thyroxine replacement therapy enhances clearance of chylomicron remnants in patients with hypothyroidism". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84 (7): 2532–6. PMID 10404832.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tassiopoulos T, Stamatelos G, Zakopoulos N, Fessas P, Eliopoulos GD (1995). "Low incidence of acute myocardial infarction in beta-thalassaemia trait carriers". Haematologia (Budap). 26 (4): 199–203. PMID 7590514.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Maioli M, Pettinato S, Cherchi GM, Giraudi D, Pacifico A, Pupita G; et al. (1989). "Plasma lipids in beta-thalassemia minor". Atherosclerosis. 75 (2–3): 245–8. PMID 2712866.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS (1997). "Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity". Am J Hematol. 55 (3): 129–33. PMID 9256291.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Harris WS, Muzio F (1993). "Fish oil reduces postprandial triglyceride concentrations without accelerating lipid-emulsion removal rates". Am J Clin Nutr. 58 (1): 68–74. PMID 8317392.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Harris WS, Hustvedt BE, Hagen E, Green MH, Lu G, Drevon CA (1997). "N-3 fatty acids and chylomicron metabolism in the rat". J Lipid Res. 38 (3): 503–15. PMID 9101431.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Iannello S, Cavaleri A, Milazzo P, Cantarella S, Belfiore F (2003). "Low fasting serum triglyceride level as a precocious marker of autoimmune disorders". MedGenMed. 5 (3): 20. PMID 14600656.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Achar S, Rostamian A, Narayan SM (2010). "Cardiac and metabolic effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse on lipids, blood pressure, left ventricular dimensions, and rhythm". Am J Cardiol. 106 (6): 893–901. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.05.013. PMID 20816133.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Baggio, G; Manzato, E; Gabelli, C; Fellin, R; Martini, S; Enzi, G B; Verlato, F; Baiocchi, M R; Sprecher, D L; Kashyap, M L (1986). "Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity, and correction of hypertriglyceridemia after apolipoprotein C-II administration in two affected patients". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 77 (2): 520–527. doi:10.1172/JCI112332. ISSN 0021-9738.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cuisinier-Raynal JC, Bire F, Clerc M, Bernard J, Sarrouy J (1990). "[Human malaria: dysglobulinemia-hypocholesterolemia syndrome]". Med Trop (Mars). 50 (1): 91–5. PMID 2366654.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Musunuru K, Pirruccello JP, Do R, Peloso GM, Guiducci C, Sougnez C; et al. (2010). "Exome sequencing, ANGPTL3 mutations, and familial combined hypolipidemia". N Engl J Med. 363 (23): 2220–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1002926. PMC 3008575. PMID 20942659.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Schaefer EJ, Ordovas JM, Law SW, Ghiselli G, Kashyap ML, Srivastava LS; et al. (1985). "Familial apolipoprotein A-I and C-III deficiency, variant II". J Lipid Res. 26 (9): 1089–101. PMID 3934306.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Ito MK (2004). "The metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and use of niacin". Ann Pharmacother. 38 (2): 277–85. doi:10.1345/aph.1D218. PMID 14742767.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Ashen, M. Dominique; Blumenthal, Roger S. (2005). "Low HDL Cholesterol Levels". New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (12): 1252–1260. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp044370. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y (2009). "Where are we with probucol: a new life for an old drug?". Atherosclerosis. 207 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.002. PMID 19457483.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Miller M, Dobs A, Yuan Z, Battisti WP, Borisute H, Palmisano J (2004). "Effectiveness of simvastatin therapy in raising HDL-C in patients with type 2 diabetes and low HDL-C". Curr Med Res Opin. 20 (7): 1087–94. doi:10.1185/030079904125004105. PMID 15265253.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N (2000). "Effects of combination therapy with estrogen plus simvastatin on lipoprotein metabolism in postmenopausal women with type IIa hypercholesterolemia". Atherosclerosis. 150 (1): 103–11. PMID 10781640.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Ballantyne C, Gleim G, Liu N, Sisk CM, Johnson-Levonas AO, Mitchel Y (2012). "Effects of coadministered extended-release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin on lipoprotein subclasses in patients with dyslipidemia". J Clin Lipidol. 6 (3): 235–43. doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2011.11.004. PMID 22658147.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Forte TM, Nichols AV, Krauss RM, Norum RA (1984). "Familial apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein CIII deficiency. Subclass distribution, composition, and morphology of lipoproteins in a disorder associated with premature atherosclerosis". J Clin Invest. 74 (5): 1601–13. doi:10.1172/JCI111576. PMC 425337. PMID 6501564.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Mack WJ, Krauss RM, Hodis HN (1996). "Lipoprotein subclasses in the Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS). Treatment effects and relation to coronary angiographic progression". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 16 (5): 697–704. PMID 8963728.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Nishizawa Y, Shoji T, Tabata T, Inoue T, Morii H (1999). "Effects of lipid-lowering drugs on intermediate-density lipoprotein in uremic patients". Kidney Int Suppl. 71: S134–6. PMID 10412757.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Lee SJ, Sacks FM (2003). "Effect of pravastatin on intermediate-density and low-density lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein CIII in patients with diabetes mellitus". Am J Cardiol. 92 (2): 121–4. PMID 12860210.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O (2013). "Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever". Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 13 (1): 21–6. PMID 23448606.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Kim HJ, Moon JH, Kim HM, Yun MR, Jeon BH, Lee B; et al. (2013). "The hypolipidemic effect of cilostazol can be mediated by regulation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) expression". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.006. PMID 24139096.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Xiong W, Gu L, Wang C, Sun H, Liu X (2013). "Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa in type 2 diabetic db/db mice". J Ethnopharmacol. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.027. PMID 24095831.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Maitin V, Andreo U, Guo L, Fisher EA (2013). "Docosahexaenoic Acid Impairs the Maturation of Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Rat Hepatic Cells". J Lipid Res. doi:10.1194/jlr.M043026. PMID 24136824.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Søndergaard E, Poulsen MK, Jensen MD, Nielsen S (2013). "Acute changes in lipoprotein subclasses during exercise". Metabolism. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.011. PMID 24075739.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Zhang Y, Zhang L, Geng Y, Geng Y (2013). "Hawthorn Fruit Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Improving the Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice". J Atheroscler Thromb. PMID 24126122.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Rojas A, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García-Valdecasas M, Diago M; et al. (2013). "Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro". J Viral Hepat. doi:10.1111/jvh.12209. PMID 24188401.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Wei Q, Wang H, Tian Y, Xu F, Chen X, Wang K (2013). "Reduced serum levels of triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in Parkinson's disease patients". PLoS One. 8 (9): e75743. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075743. PMC 3784418. PMID 24086623.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Li W, Wu YJ (2013). "A metabonomic investigation of the effects of 60days exposure of rats to two types of pyrethroid insecticides". Chem Biol Interact. 206 (2): 302–308. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2013.10.002. PMID 24121187.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Dash S, Xiao C, Morgantini C, Szeto L, Lewis GF (2013). "High-Dose Resveratrol Treatment for 2 Weeks Inhibits Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Production in Overweight/Obese Men". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.302342. PMID 24072699.