Supraventricular tachycardia causes

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Supraventricular tachycardia Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Among the Different Types of Supraventricular Tachycardia

Differentiating Supraventricular Tachycardia from Ventricular Tachycardia

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

EKG Examples

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Cardiac Catheterization

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Medical Therapy

Surgery

2015 ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Acute Treatment of SVT of Unknown Mechanism
Ongoing Management of SVT of Unknown Mechanism
Ongoing Management of IST
Acute Treatment of Suspected Focal Atrial Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of Multifocal Atria Tachycardia
Ongoing Management of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of AVNRT
Ongoing Management of AVNRT
Acute Treatment of Orthodromic AVRT
Ongoing Management of Orthodromic AVRT
Asymptomatic Patients With Pre-Excitation
Management of Symptomatic Patients With Manifest Accessory Pathways
Acute Treatment of Atrial Flutter
Ongoing Management of Atrial Flutter
Acute Treatment of Junctional Tachycardia
Ongoing Management of Junctional Tachycardia
Acute Treatment of SVT in ACHD Patients
Ongoing Management of SVT in ACHD Patients
Acute Treatment of SVT in Pregnant Patients
Acute Treatment and Ongoing Management of SVT in Older Population

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]

Overview

Supraventricular tachycardia is a collective term used to describe all the tachycardias originating from the SA node, atrium and AV node. Therefore, the causes depend on the source of the pathology, and they are as follows:

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, arteriovenous fistula, atrial ischemia, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, cardiac tamponade, cardiac tumors, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein anomaly, endocarditis, familial atrial fibrillation, holiday heart syndrome, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotension, ischemic heart disease, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome, Lutembacher syndrome, Mahaim fiber tachycardia, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, mitral valve stenosis, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, pericarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatic fever, shock, sick sinus syndrome, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, unstable angina, uremic pericarditis, valvular heart disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Chemical/Poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning, cyanide, grayanotoxin, mercury poisoning
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect

Alprazolam, aminophylline, amiodarone, amphetamines, amrinone, atomoxetine, atropine, beta blockers, caffeine, cimetidine, clonidine, cocaine, diazoxide, dicobalt edetate, diltiazem, disopyramide, dobutamine, docetaxel, dopexamine, doxapram, doxorubicin, ephedrine, epirubicin, fentanyl, flecainide, flumazenil, fluvoxamine, guanethidine, hexamethonium, hydralazine, ibutilide, isoprenaline, isoproterenol infusion, lithium, methyldopa, methylphenidate, methysergide, minoxidil, nelarabine, nicotine, orlistat, palonosetron, paroxetine, porfimer sodium, procainamide, propafenone, quinidine, reserpine, ritodrine, salbutamol, salmeterol, sibutramine, theophylline, trimethaphan, type IA antiarrhythmic agents, type IC antiarrhythmic agents, type III antiarrhythmic agents, verapamil

Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes mellitus, hemochromatosis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis
Environmental Electric shock, hypothermia
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Ebstein anomaly, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, LQT type 4, malignant hyperthermia, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Hematologic Anemia
Iatrogenic Cardiac transplantation, heart bypass surgery, incomplete ablation procedures, open heart surgery, temporary cardiac pacing
Infectious Disease Amoebiasis, Chagas disease, diphtheria, Guillain-Barré syndrome, leptospirosis, Lyme disease, neonatal coxsackie myocarditis, pneumonia, rheumatic fever, salmonella typhosa, sepsis, trichinosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Neurologic Diabetic autonomic neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nutritional/Metabolic Dehydration, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, ,hypothermia, malignant hyperthermia
Obstetric/Gynecologic Peripartum cardiomyopathy, pregnancy
Oncologic Bronchogenic carcinoma, cardiac tumors, lung cancer, pheochromocytoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity Alcohol, aminophylline, atropine, beta blockers, caffeine, carbamazepine poisoning, cocaine, digitalis, hypervitaminosis D, lithium, methamphetamines, salicylate poisoning, tricyclic antidepressant overdose
Psychiatric Anxiety, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder
Pulmonary Air embolism, bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, fat embolism, hypoxia, obstructive sleep apnea, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Renal/Electrolyte Channelopaties, chronic renal failure, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, collagen vascular disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Kawasaki disease, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, spondyloarthritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cardiac injury from blunt trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcohol withdrawal, breath spray, drowning, fatigue, pain, psychological stress

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References


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